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What was the first Greek state? |
Mycenae |
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The western shores of Asia Minor, where many Greeks settled, came to be called __? |
Ionia |
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Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey were __? |
Stories of the Trojan War |
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The capture of Troy by the Greeks, according to Homer, was accomplished by a trick using the Trojan __? |
Horse |
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Who was the Greek hero from Iliad? |
Achilles |
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Explain Homer’s influence on Green civilization. |
These masterpieces gave the Greeks and ideal past with a cast of heroes. The epics came to be used as basic texts for the education of generations of Greek males. |
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The excellence of courage and honor was what the Greeks called __? |
Arete |
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By 750 B.C., the __ or city-state, became the central focus of Greek life. |
Polis |
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In ancient Greece, what was a fortified place and religious center? |
Acropolis |
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In ancient Greece, what was an open area used as a market and meeting place? |
Agora |
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The Greek rulers who seized power by force from the aristocracy were called __? |
Tyrants |
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The government of Sparta was an oligarchy, which means that it was __? |
Rule by a few |
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When the hoplites, or infantry soldiers, went into battle, they marched shoulder to shoulder in formation called a __? |
Phalanx |
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In Sparta, the five elected officials who were responsible for the education of youth and the conduct of all citizens were __? |
ephors |
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The government of Athens after Cleisthenes became __? |
democracy |
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Who brought democracy to Athens? |
Cleisthenes and Pericles |
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Describe the growth of democracy in Athens? |
Cleisthenes started the growth in Cleisthenes, with the creation of a 500 person council. Under Pericles, a direct democracy was established |
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What happened at Thermoplyae? |
9,000 Greeks held off the Persian army of 150,000 for two days |
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At Thermoplyae Pass, the Spartan troops __? |
were especially brave even though they were severely outnumbered |
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Who was an Athenian who ran from Marathon to Athens? |
Pheldippides |
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The period of history which saw the height of Athenian power and brilliance was called the Age of __? |
Pericles |
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According to Pericles, a democracy is best defined as __? |
power in the hands of all people |
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Who made up the largest part of the population of classical Athens? |
citizens |
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Which group had nearly three times the number of people as there were foreigners in classical Athens? |
slaves |
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According to Greek religion, the gods lived __? |
Mount Olympus |
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The chief god and father of the Gods was __? |
Zeus |
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Which Greek playwright wrote Oedipus Rex? |
Sophocles |
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The argument that it is beyond the reach of the human mind to understand the universe was made by __? |
Sophists |
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Who said that "the unexamined life is not worth living?" |
Socreties |
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What were Plato’s ideas about reality and government? |
There is a higher world of eternal, unchanging forms that has always existed. These forms make up reality and only a trained mind can understand them. What we see is but a reflection of that reality, a shadow of the true form. Government works best when divided into three groups. At the top are philosopher-kings who must rule with wisdom and inspiration. Warriors encompass the second groups, and the third includes everyone else. Finally, men and women should have equal access to positions. |
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According to Plato, individuals could not achieve a good life unless __ |
they lived in a just and rational state. |
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Herodotus wrote __, a work commonly regarded as the first real history in Western civilization. |
History of the Persian Wars |
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__ is considered by many historians to be the greatest historian of the ancient world. |
Thucydides |
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The building which is regarded as the greatest example of a Greek temple is the __? |
Parthenon |
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According to the time line, how long after Phillip II came to power did Macedonia crush the Greeks? |
359 BC |
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How old was Alexander the Great when he died? |
32 years old |
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Who was ruled by Phillip II? |
Macedonia |
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Which army crushed the Greeks at the battle of Chaeronea? |
Macedonian army |
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Who was the father of Alexander The Great? |
Philip II |
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What was the result of Alexander the Great’s conquests? |
Greek language, architecture, literature, and art spread throughout SW Asia and the near E |
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The conquests of Alexander the Great created what? |
Hellenistic Era |
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What means "to imitate Greeks? |
Hellenistic |
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Which four kingdoms emerged following Alexander’s death/ |
Macedonia, Syria, Pergamum, and Egypt |
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Explain the spread of Greek culture into Southwest Asia during the Hellenistic Era. |
"Hellenistic" means to "imitate the Greeks." After Alexander died, the empires- Syria, Macedonia, Pergamum, and Egypt= soon fell apart. Hellenistic rulers encouraged a massive spread of Greek colonists to Southwest Asia in order to gain new recruits for the army and as |
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What Hellenistic astronomer developed the theory that the sun is at the center of the universe while the Earth rotates around the sun? |
Aristarchus of Samos |
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The astronomer Eratosthenes determined what? |
that Earth was round |
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The mathematician Euclid wrote the Elements, which was a __? |
a textbook on plane geometry |
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Who shouted "Eureka!" after discovering specific gravity? |
Archimedes |
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What were some of the beliefs of the philosopher Epicurus? |
That human beings were free to follow self- interest as a basic motivating force. Happiness was the goal to/ of life |
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What philosophy was taught by Zero? |
Stoicism |
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Explain the philosophy of Stoicism? |
Happiness can only be found with inner-peace by living with harmony with the word of God |
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What battle ended the Persian War? |
Platea |
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The goddess of wisdom and crafts was __? |
Athena |
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The god of the sun and poetry was __? |
Apollo |
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The god of war was __? |
Ares |
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The brother of Zeus and god of the seas and earthquakes was __? |
Poseidon |
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The goddess of love was __? |
Aphrodite |
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