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Although the date varies by location when did the shift to agriculture first occur? |
9000 B.C.E |
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Animal domestication led to humans becoming able to digest which of the following? |
Milk |
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As Neolithic religious structures became more hierarchical, what was the purpose of the most important religious practice? |
Ensuring fertility |
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Beginning in the sixth millennium B.C.E., people attacked wooden sticks to frames and pack animals to use as a simple version of what developing technology? |
Plows |
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Between 1 and 4 percent of the DNA in modern humans is shared with what early hominid? |
Neanderthals |
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Beginning about 9000 B.C.E., people in the Fertile Crescent began to domesticate what crop? |
Wheat |
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The burial sites of Paleolithic humans reveal that they believed that all things and natural occurrences had which of the following? |
Spirits |
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By 4000 B.C.E., how far north of the Fertile Crescent had horticulture spread? |
To Britain |
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By what time was the Bronze Age well under way? |
2500 B.C.E. |
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During which of the following periods did the ancestor common to both chimpanzees and humans probably live? |
5 to 7 million years ago |
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Every society that has left a written record was organized around what important hierarchical system? |
Patriarchy |
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For what did Neolithic peoples use obsidian? |
It was used to make knives and blades. |
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Horticulture refers to the growing of plants using what tool? |
Digging sticks |
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How did Homo erectus differ from modern humans? |
Homo erectus had a slightly smaller brain size than modern humans. |
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How did Paleolithic people obtain mating partners? |
Through group travels of foraging for food, the people exchanged sexual partners and seeking mates outside of their own groups, they formed kinship bonds. |
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How did the amount of labor required for horticulture compare to that for foraging? |
Horticulture required more time and labor than foraging. |
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How did the moldboard plow aid early farmers? |
It turned over soil, breaking it up for easier planting. |
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How did women’s work change as a result of settled agriculture? |
Women likely began to spend more time tending to household needs. |
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How did Homo erectus migrate from China about 1.5 million years ago to settle on Java? |
By walking over land. |
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How is the term species generally defined? |
A group of organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring of both sexes. |
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How many hours a week did early foragers generally spend gathering food? |
Ten to twenty hours. |
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How was the theory of the Caucasian race developed by Johann Blumenbach? |
Based on skull judgments, he presumed they were the most attractive and he classified them as light-skinned people of Europe and Western Asia believing that their home was most likely the Caucus Mountains. |
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In Paleolithic society, who is responsible for hunting? |
Typically men, however, in modern Agta culture of the Philippines, women hunt for game, and in numerous other, women are involved in certain types of hunting. |
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In most Neolithic communities, which group of people were the first to work out written codes of law? |
Priests |
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The natural herding instinct of what animal paved the way for pastoralism? |
Sheep |
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The Neanderthals of Europe were a branch of what hominid group? |
Homo erectus |
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Paleolithic humans may have encouraged the growth of new plants by doing what? |
Setting fires |
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Potatoes and quinoa were domesticated by 3000 B.C.E. in what region? |
Andes Mountains |
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Scientists used which of the following to label the first periods of human history? |
The material used for tools |
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The story of Jacob in the book of Genesis is an example of what? |
Selective Breeding |
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The tem forager is now used by historians instead of what traditional term? |
Hunter-gatherer |
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What alloy is created by mixing copper with another metal such as arsenic? |
Bronze |
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What characteristics did the god of polytheistic Neolithic societies develop? |
They took on social hierarchies and had specific labor responsibilities. |
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What did Paleolithic people believe about dead members of their kinship groups? |
That deceased family members were still with them. |
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What discovery marks the transition from Paleolithic to Neolithic? |
Agriculture |
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What is depicted in the earliest Egyptian hieroglyph for weaving? |
A woman in a shuttle |
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What major climate change occurred about 15,000 years ago? |
Temperatures warmed and glaciers melted. |
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What species of animal did humans domesticate around 15,000 years ago? |
Dogs |
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What term describes a crop that has been modified by selective breeding? |
Domesticated |
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What term is used for the first fully bipedal hominid known to paleontologist? |
Australopithecus |
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What was one of the results of endogamy? |
Differences in physical features and spoken language |
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What was one of the shaman’s primary duties? |
Healing the sick |
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What was the isotope C14 utilized for? |
The isotope was used to date the age of fossils and artifacts by measuring the amount of C14 left in objects. |
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Where did Homo sapiens first evolve? |
East Africa |
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Where have the majority of Australopithecus skeletal remains been found? |
The Great Rift Valley |
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Which of the following allowed Homo sapiens to migrate to Australia and New Guinea? |
Simple Rafts |
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Which of the following foods dominated the diet of Paleolithic foragers? |
Plants |
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Which of the following is evidence that Neanderthals understood death to have a symbolic meaning? |
They buried the dead with symbolic objects |
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Which of the following is true of Paleolithic mating patterns? |
Most Paleolithic humans sought mates from outside their kinship groups. |
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Which of the following skills did Homo sapiens acquire around 25,000 years ago? |
The capacity to weave cloth |
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Which of the following was an important feature of the houses of Catal Huyuk? |
They were made of mud brick |
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Which of the following was a consequence of humans living in close proximity with animals? |
They were exposed to more pathogens |
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Who in Paleolithic society was believed to regularly receive messages from the spirit world? |
The Shaman |
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Why did the Neolithic peoples build circular structures? |
Circular structures were believed to predict the movements of the star. |
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Why were better social skills especially important for early human females? |
They needed help attracting a mate. |
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Why won’t llamas and alpacas carry heavy loads? |
They are not domesticated beasts of burden |
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