The short run |
is defined as a period in time when at least one factor of production is fixed in supply. (usually capital) |
The long run |
is the period of time when it is possible to alter all factors of production |
Fixed cost/overhead/indirect costs |
These are costs which do not change with output in the short run (e.g. insurance, pensions paid to former employees) |
Variable costs |
Variable costs |
Total cost |
FC+VC |
Average cost ( or unit cost) |
= TC/Q |
Marginal cost |
the change in total cost arising form changing output by one unit. |
Average product |
the amount that is produced, on average by each unit of4 the variable factor |
Average product equation |
P/V |
Marginal product: |
the extra output that is produced by using an extra unit of the variable factor. |
law of diminishing marginal returns |
As extra factors of a variable unit are added to a fixed factor, the output from each additional unit of the variable factor will eventually diminish. |
The law of diminishing average returns |
As extra units of a variable factor are added to a given quantity of a fixed factor will eventually diminish. |
Economic cost equation |
= explicit costs+ implicit costs |
Explicit cost |
Factors that are purchased from others and not already owned by the firm Explicit costs involve the direct payment of money. |
Implicit costs. |
Factors that are already owned the firm. It will not have to pay out money to use them. However, there is still an opportunity cost in their use which needs to be accounted for. |