The Science of Nutrition Chapter 1 Questions

1) Which of the following BEST describes nutrition?
A) Nutrition is not a science.
B) Nutrition is the science that studies food and how food nourishes our bodies and influences our health.
C) Nutrition is an ancient science that dates back to the fourteenth century.
D) Nutrition is the science of food.

B) Nutrition is the science that studies food and how food nourishes our bodies and influences our health.

2) Which BEST defines chronic disease?
A) A disease that comes on slowly and can persist for years.
B) A condition that has a rapid onset and is easily cured.
C) A disease caused by a microorganism.
D) A disease that affects only elderly people.

A) A disease that comes on slowly and can persist for years

3) Three chronic diseases in the U.S.- heart disease, stroke and ________- are strongly associated with poor nutrition.
A) osteoporosis
B) kidney disease
C) diabetes
D) pneumonia

C) diabetes

4) The health promotion and disease prevention plan for the U.S. is called:
A) The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs).
B) The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA).
C) Healthy People 2020.
D) MyPlate

C) Healthy People 2020.

5) Which class of nutrients provides the primary source of energy for our body?
A) carbohydrates
B) vitamins
C) minerals
D) water

A) carbohydrates

6) Which element makes protein different from carbohydrate and fat?
A) carbon
B) hydrogen
C) nitrogen
D) oxygen

C) nitrogen

7) Which of the following is classified as a micronutrient?
A) carbohydrates
B) vitamins
C) lipids
D) alcohol

B) vitamins

8) Which of the following are examples of inorganic nutrients?
A) vitamins
B) lipids
C) carbohydrates
D) minerals

D) minerals

9) Which of the following nutrients is organic?
A) minerals
B) water
C) protein
D) iron

C) protein

10) Kelly consumed a breakfast that contained 85 grams of carbohydrate, 20 grams of protein, and 18 grams of fat. How many kilocalories (kcal) did Kelly eat at breakfast?
A) 492
B) 582
C) 917
D) 1,107

B) 582

11) For dinner, Marcus consumes 255 grams of carbohydrate, 70 grams of protein, and 50 grams of fat. In addition, Marcus decides that he wants a glass of wine with his meal. If he drinks one glass of wine containing 8 grams of alcohol, how many total kilocalories (kcal) does he consume in this meal?
A) 56
B) 540
C) 1,675
D) 1,806

D) 1,806

12) Christopher’s lunch contains 121 grams of carbohydrate, 40 grams of protein, and 25 grams of fat. What percent of kilocalories (kcal) in this meal come from fat?
A) 19%
B) 26%
C) 34%
D) 42%

B) 26%

13) Which of the following are examples of carbohydrate-rich foods?
A) butter and corn oil
B) beef and pork
C) wheat and lentils
D) bacon and eggs

C) wheat and lentils

14) Which of the following is NOT classified as a lipid?
A) triglyceride
B) sterol
C) glycine
D) phospholipid

C) glycine

15) Which of the following nutrients contains the element nitrogen?
A) carbohydrates
B) lipids
C) water
D) proteins

D) proteins

16) Which of the following nutrients yields the most energy per gram?
A) carbohydrate
B) lipid
C) protein
D) vitamin

B) lipid

17) Which of the following BEST describes minerals?
A) Micronutrients are broken down easily during digestion.
B) Micronutrients are easily destroyed by heat and light.
C) Inorganic micronutrients are found in a variety of foods.
D) Nutrients are needed in large amounts by the body.

C) Inorganic micronutrients are found in a variety of foods.

18) Alcohol is not considered a ________ because it does not support body regulation, or tissue repair or rebuilding.
A) kilocalorie
B) carbohydrate
C) nutrient
D) wellness factor

C) nutrient

19) The building blocks of proteins are called:
A) fatty acids.
B) amino acids.
C) saccharides.
D) nitrogen fragments.

B) amino acids.

20) Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A) Lipids are soluble in water.
B) Lipids include triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols.
C) Lipids are comprised of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
D) Lipids yield more Calories per gram than carbohydrate or protein

A) Lipids are soluble in water.

21) Which of the following is an example of an organic micronutrient?
A) folate
B) calcium
C) fat
D) iron

A) folate

22) Vitamin C and the B-vitamins are examples of:
A) nonessential vitamins.
B) water-soluble vitamins.
C) fat-soluble vitamins.
D) trace vitamins.

B) water-soluble vitamins.

23) Which of the following are inorganic nutrients that are NOT broken down by the human body or destroyed by heat?
A) vitamins
B) minerals
C) proteins
D) fats

B) minerals

24) Which of the following is true about vitamins A, D, E, and K?
A) excreted via the urine
B) soluble in water
C) produced naturally in the body
D) soluble in fat

D) soluble in fat

25) The Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) were originally adopted to prevent ________ diseases.
A) nutrient-deficient
B) chronic
C) acute
D) contagious

A) nutrient-deficient

26) Which of the following nutrients is classified as a major mineral?
A) calcium
B) iron
C) iodine
D) copper

A) calcium

27) The standard used to estimate the daily nutrient needs of half of all healthy individuals is the:
A) EAR.
B) AI.
C) RDA.
D) UL.

A) EAR.

28) An RDA is established based on the:
A) DRI.
B) EAR.
C) UL.
D) AI.

B) EAR.

29) The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) were established to refocus nutrient recommendations toward preventing and reducing the risk for:
A) nutrient deficiencies.
B) infectious diseases.
C) poverty.
D) chronic diseases.

D) chronic diseases.

30) The ________ represents the average daily nutrient intake level that meets the nutrient requirements of 97% to 98% of healthy individuals.
A) EAR
B) RDA
C) UL
D) AI

B) RDA

31) The AMDR for fat is:
A) 20-35%.
B) less than 10%.
C) 10-35%.
D) 45-65%.

A) 20-35%.

32) The AMDR for protein is:
A) 20-35%.
B) less than 10%.
C) 10-35%.
D) 45-65%.

C) 10-35%.

33) What is a key limitation of most dietary assessment tools?
A) They provide limited information on current nutrient intakes.
B) They are easy to administer.
C) Some foods cannot be assessed.
D) They rely on a person’s ability to self-report.

D) They rely on a person’s ability to self-report.

34) Which of the following dietary tools requires both training of the client as well as explicit take-home instructions to the client?
A) diet history
B) 24-hour recall
C) food-frequency questionnaire
D) diet records

D) diet records

35) In malnutrition, an individual’s nutritional status is:
A) out of balance.
B) undetermined.
C) in transition.
D) static.

A) out of balance.

36) Your friend would like some professional advice on a weight loss program. Which of the following professionals would be the best for nutritional advice?
A) Registered Dietitian (RD)
B) PhD in nutrition
C) medical doctor (MD)
D) nutritionist

A) Registered Dietitian (RD)

37) In malnutrition, a primary deficiency is one in which a person:
A) does not have inadequate intake of a nutrient.
B) cannot absorb enough of a nutrient.
C) excretes too much of a nutrient.
D) cannot efficiently utilize a nutrient.

A) does not have inadequate intake of a nutrient.

38) Which of the following is NOT considered to be a true anthropometric test factor?
A) height
B) body composition
C) weight
D) waist circumference

B) body composition

39) Which federal agency conducts the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)?
A) USDA (United States Department of Agriculture)
B) CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
C) Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
D) NIH (National Institutes of Health)

B) CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

40) What percentage of deaths in the United States can be attributed to unhealthy lifestyle behaviors such as smoking, alcohol misuse, physical inactivity, and unbalanced diet?
A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 40%
D) 75%

C) 40%

41) Which of the following is the largest organization of food and nutrition professionals in the United States and the world?
A) NIH (National Institutes of Health)
B) Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
C) CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
D) SNE (Society for Nutrition Education)

B) Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

42) The second step of the scientific method is:
A) observation and description of a phenomenon.
B) testing a research question or hypothesis.
C) generating a hypothesis.
D) collecting data.

C) generating a hypothesis.

43) A(n) ________ represents a scientific consensus as to why a particular phenomenon occurs.
A) alternate hypothesis
B) experiment
C) hypothesis
D) theory

D) theory

44) The type of study that is used in assessing nutritional habits, disease trends, and other health phenomena of large populations, and determining factors that influence those phenomena, is called a(n):
A) case controlled study.
B) clinical trial.
C) observational study.
D) animal study.

C) observational study.

45) Dr. Sullivan is conducting a clinical trial to determine if vitamin XX can improve test performance of students in an introductory college nutrition course. Dr. Sullivan puts all the students’ names in a hat and draws names to determine if they will be placed in the control or the experimental group. The experimental group receives a capsule of vitamin XX and the control group a "sugar pill" that tastes and looks identical to the vitamin XX capsule. Neither Dr. Sullivan nor the participants know who is receiving which treatment. This experiment is best described as:
A) single-blind, randomized.
B) double-blind, placebo controlled.
C) single-blind, randomized, placebo controlled.
D) double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled.

D) double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled.

46) Which of the following terms describes a scientific consensus as to why a particular phenomenon occurs?
A) a study
B) a theory
C) a placebo
D) a hypothesis

B) a theory

47) Which of the following is considered to be the leading federal agency that protects human health and safety?
A) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
B) Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
C) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
D) National Institutes of Health (NIH)

A) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

48) The measurement unit for the energy derived from food is called a(n) ________.
A) kilocalorie
B) enzyme
C) protein
D) gram

A) kilocalorie

49) Developed by the Department of Health and Human Services, the ________ agenda encompasses hundreds of nutrition-related objectives for the nation.
A) 21st Century
B) Dietary Reference Intakes
C) Healthy People 2020
D) scientific method

C) Healthy People 2020

50) The primary source of fuel for the body are ________.
A) proteins
B) carbohydrates
C) fats
D) sugars

B) carbohydrates

51) Which of the following is a classification of nutrients needed in relatively small amounts by the body to support normal health and functioning?
A) micronutrients
B) kilocalories
C) compounds
D) macronutrients

A) micronutrients

52) In proteins, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen assemble into small building blocks known as ________.
A) grams
B) enzymes
C) lipoproteins
D) amino acids

D) amino acids

53) The water-soluble vitamins include the family of B-vitamins and vitamin ________.
A) K
B) C
C) D
D) A

B) C

54) Today, wellness is defined as:
A) the absence of disease.
B) achieving and maintaining physical health.
C) a multidimensional process including physical, emotional, and spiritual health.
D) an end point goal that exists along a continuum of health.

C) a multidimensional process including physical, emotional, and spiritual health.

55) Because they do NOT contain the element carbon, minerals and water are ________ nutrients.
A) nonessential
B) inorganic
C) organic
D) incomplete

B) inorganic

56) Trace minerals are those needed in amounts less than ________ mg per day.
A) 100
B) 50
C) 200
D) 90

A) 100

57) The AMDR for carbohydrate is between 45 and ________ percent.
A) 55
B) 75
C) 65
D) 80

C) 65

58) Which of the following refers to a nutritional status in which a person consumes more energy than is needed?
A) malnutrition
B) undernutrition
C) starvation
D) overnutrition

D) overnutrition

59) One of the most important points to consider when assessing the reliability of a media report is the issue of:
A) conflict of interest.
B) availability.
C) cost.
D) how widely it is quoted.

A) conflict of interest.

60) In the scientific method, the ________ is also called the research question.
A) theory
B) conclusion
C) observation
D) hypothesis

D) hypothesis

61) The ________ is the occurrence in a treatment study of some people experiencing improved health or symptom reduction despite the fact that no actual treatment or effective ingredient was given.
A) randomized trial
B) placebo effect
C) secondary deficiency
D) data point

B) placebo effect

62) Food and nutrition mean the same thing.

FALSE

63) Wellness is defined as the absence of disease.

FALSE

64) Currently, the leading cause of death in the United States is heart disease.

TRUE

65) Nutrients are chemical sustances.

TRUE

66) An organic substance contains the elements carbon and hydrogen.

TRUE

67) A kilocalorie is a measurement of effectiveness.

FALSE

68) Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are the only nutrients in foods that provide energy.

TRUE

69) Alcohol is a nutrient that provides 7 kilocalories per gram.

FALSE

70) If your total daily Caloric intake is 2,310 kcals and 88 grams come from fat, then your percent of kcal from fat meets the AMDR.

TRUE

71) Cholesterol is a form of lipid synthesized within the body.

TRUE

72) The primary role of protein is to provide energy for the body.

FALSE

73) Proteins are the only macronutrient that contains the element nitrogen.

TRUE

74) Fat-soluble vitamins are considered nonessential because the human body needs them in relatively small amounts and can synthesize them in the liver.

FALSE

75) Vitamin A, C, E, and K are classified as fat-soluble vitamins.

FALSE

76) Vitamins contain 4 kilocalories per gram.

FALSE

77) Minerals are not needed by the body.

FALSE

78) The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are dietary standards that apply only to unhealthy individuals.

FALSE

79) Water is an organic nutrient.

FALSE

80) The UL is the level of nutrient intake we should attempt to consume daily.

FALSE

81) The Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) is a nutrient standard used to approximate the energy needs of growing infants and children.

FALSE

82) The AMDR for carbohydrate is 15-25%.

FALSE

83) Starvation is an example of a secondary nutritional deficiency.

FALSE