The Cell Cycle

a series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide; it is a series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication resulting in two identical (hopefully) daughter cells; a cell goes through this the course of its lifetime

cell cycle

What is the longest stage of the cell cycle?

interphase

During what stage does the G1, S, and G2 phases happen?

interphase

During what phase of the cell cycle does mitosis and cytokinesis occur?

cell division (M phase)

During what phase of the cell cycle does cell division occur?

mitosis (M phase)

During what phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?

S phase of interphase

During what phase of the cell cycle does the cell grow?

G1 & G2

During what phase of the cell cycle does the cell prepare for mitosis?

G2

How many stages are there in mitosis?

4

What are the stages of mitosis in order?

-prophase -metaphase -anaphase -telophase

What are the stages of the cell cycle in order?

-G1 -S -G2 -M

Where does cytokinesis fit into the stages of the cell cycle?

-G1 -S -G2 -M -cytokinesis

Put the following actions in order: DNA replication, cell grows, cell division, cell prepares for mitosis.

-cell grows -DNA replication -cell prepares for mitosis -cell division

Explain why cells don’t just continue to grow larger as organisms grow larger. Why do cells divide?

cells divide because of the surface area to volume ratio; if a cell gets too big, the surface area to volume ratio gets too small; if this happens, mitosis and other processes that we have in the body will not work; the surface area needs to be larger than the volume of cells for these processes to work

What helps cells go through each phase of the cell cycle?

cyclins

What does the cell cycle consist of?

interphase (Gap 1, Synthesis, Gap 2), M phase (mitosis), and cytokinesis

What is the cell cycle regulated by?

cyclin-CDK interactions, inhibitors, and many other regulatory processes

What parts of the cell cycle are considered interphase?

G1, S, & G2

Is interphase part of mitosis?

no

Why does the cell need to grow bigger during the cell cycle?

so it can divide

making more DNA

DNA replication

during this phase of interphase, the cell grows and prepares for DNA synthesis

G1

during this phase of interphase, DNA replication occurs

S phase

during this phase of interphase, the cell grows and prepares for mitosis

G2

What does preparation for DNA synthesis mean?

making proteins (usually enzymes) necessary for DNA replication

What does preparation for mitosis mean?

making proteins necessary for mitosis

Where is the majority of a cell’s life spent?

interphase

What is the mnemonic for what the M phase is made up of?

PMAT

the division of the cytoplasm

cytokinesis

What does mitosis literally mean?

nuclear division

Why don’t bacteria undergo mitosis?

because they don’t have a nucleus

G0 phase can either be entered __________ or _________.

permanently, semi-permanently

these cells go to the G0 phase once they reach maturity

nerve cells

Our __________ cells undergo the G0 phase.

liver

these are designed to try to prevent a defective cell from moving on and dividing

cell cycle checkpoints

What is the biggest thing to check for at the G1 and G2 checkpoint?

cell size

What is DNA damage called?

mutation

What can mutations in mitosis lead to?

cancer

What does a cell do if it has a mutation?

it either repairs itself or performs apoptosis (cell suicide)

Where is the spindle assembly checkpoint located?

metaphase

What do the chromosomes do in anaphase?

split

What does the G1 checkpoint check for?

-cell size -nutrients -growth factors -DNA damage

What does the G2 checkpoint check for?

-cell size -DNA replication

What does the spindle assembly checkpoint check for?

-chromosome attachment to spindle -if the chromosomes are lined up in the middle

<b>KNOW HOW TO LABEL THE CELL CYCLE</b>

KNOW HOW TO LABEL THE CELL CYCLE