survey of arch EC quiz

According to Professor Tilson’s lecture on Greece, which cultures contributed to the development of Classic Greece?

Minoan Mycenaean

According to Professor Tilson’s lecture on Greece, the Panathenaic way was a ceremonial path, traveled in celebration of the birth of

Athena

Who is credited with designing the first pyramid in Egypt?

Imhotep

In Egypt, which object was both the emblem of the sun god and the symbol of the annual rebirth of nature?

the pyramid

According to Professor Tilson’s lecture on Ancient India and Asia, the________ derives its form and primary meaning from the primitive funerary cairn
or tumulus erected over the mortal remains of distinguished persons.

stupa

According to Professor Tilson’s lecture on Ancient India and Asia, studies like the one at Angkor Wat have greatly expanded our understanding of these cities as more than an isolated collection of great monuments. They raise important issues about

land conservation land use and urban planning water use and conservation Correct! —- all of the above

According to Professor Tilson’s lecture on Egypt, a BENBEN stone is thought to have been

the prototype for later obelisks

According to Professor Tilson’s lecture on Mesopotamia, a ziggurat:

rises out of the earth-and sometimes the literal flood waters is a symbolic mountain expresses a ritualistic function Correct!—- all of the above

The image above is an example of the ____________ order.

Ionic

Greek architecture reflected societal culture through the overarching concept of

proportional relationships

Hindu temple designs are based on symbolic forms derived from

nature and geometric proportions

In this reconstructed view of the temple complex at Sanchi the large building in the center is called the ___________

Great Stupa

In early Chinese history, new buildings were commissioned by

the government

The design of the Imperial and Forbidden cities of Beijing was based on ____________, where the emperor received state visitors.

the alternating sequence of gates and courts through which ambassadors would pass before gaining entrance into the Hall of Supreme Harmony

Some scholars believe that the very essence of Japanese architecture evolved from the design of

granaries

According to Professor Tilson’s lecture on China and Japan, dougong are

interlocking structural system of joints and pegs

According to Professor Tilson’s lecture on China and Japan, a Tulou is

an earthen house built around a central courtyard for defense purposes

According to Professor Tilson’s lecture on China and Japan, principles that emerge from Chinese and Japanese building philosophy are

balance between man and nature a clear structural system creating open spatial planning ornament from the craft of construction Correct —- all of the above

_____________ wrote the Ten Books of Architecture, an architectural treatise which gives us insight on Roman construction during the time of Augustus in the 1st century B.C.

Vitruvius

The Romans surpassed the scale limitations of post-and-lintel construction by harnessing the structural elements of

the arch, the vault and the dome

The beginning of Roman civilization, life and culture was predominantly influenced by

the Etruscans

According to Professor Tilson’s lecture on Rome, in the center of the dome of the Pantheon is a 19-foot opening called

an oculus

According to Professor Tilson’s lecture on Rome, the precursor to the Italian Piazza, the Spanish Plaza and North American Square was the

forum

According to Professor Tilson’s lecture on Rome, the Ten Books on Architecture was written by

Vitruvious

According to Professor Kara’s lecture on Islamic architecture, the Prophet Mohammed’s house with its large courtyard provided the first precedent for

expansive prayer halls in later mosques

According to Professor Kara’s lecture on Islamic architecture, the architectural forms in mosques that are larger and taller than the adjacent structure and serve as a transition from large open spaces to smaller interior spaces are called

iwans

The plan of the ____________ shows what were originally two separate palaces, each organized around a large courtyard, one of which symbolizes the vision of paradise where the four rivers flow with water, wine, honey and milk.

Alhambra at Granada

The House of the Prophet in Medina became the prototype for the ____________.

mosque

A major requirement for medieval monasteries located in rural areas was

a water source

The stave church at Borgund and Urnes both rely on ____________ to admit light and air into the building.

small openings or wind eyes high in the wall

According to Professor Tilson’s lecture on Medieval and Romanesque architecture, the drawing we know as the Plan of St. Gall survived due to

a monk folding the map and writing the story of the Life of St. Martin on it

According to Professor Tilson’s lecture on Medieval and Romanesque architecture, as Europe moved into the 11th century, the most famous pilgrimage route was _________, a network of routes connecting holy places with the final destination being the cathedral which reported to house the remains of this saint.

el Camino de Sant’Iago de Compostela

Around 315, _______________ compared the act of Christ working to rebuild the human soul to that of rebuilding both the material church (more splendidly than before) and the universal Church in which God sets the people in "living, securely-laid and unshakable stones."

Bishop Eusebius

The term "Cathedral" designates a religious building that

contains the seat of the Bishop

According to Professor Kara’s lecture on Early Christian and Byzantine architecture, the height difference between the nave roof and the isle roof in an early Roman basilica was used for

clerestory windows

According to Professor Kara’s lecture on Early Christian and Byzantine architecture, the interior and exterior of the early Roman basilica

were dramatically different in style with the inside elaborately adorned with decoration and the outside simple and austere

The layouts of the Dogon villages in Mali are based upon

the reclining male figure

The organization of the urban Zulu village was influenced by

the need to accommodate cattle

Ancestral Pueblo architecture of tribes in the Southwest established

methods for the conservation and management of water

According to Professor Tilson’s lecture on the Americas, The Olmec site of ________ in present day Tabasco is one of the oldest known pyramidal constructions in Mesoamerica which established planning, building and religious practices that would be developed in cultures that followed.

La Venta

According to Professor Tilson’s lecture on the Americas, most Mesoamerican cultures had a four- directional symbolic-spatial cosmology with the cardinal directions-each associated with

particular deities trees colors Correct— all of the above

According to Professor Tilson’s lecture on the Americas, Mesoamericans were never compelled to invention were structural spans were concerned. All major civic and religious rituals

unfolded in the landscape

In medieval city planning, the church was typically located

away from the town square

In order to advance to the level of master builder, a building designer was required to

present a building or a model for evaluation by the masters of his craft guild

One of the hallmarks of the Gothic Style is

the rib vault

According to Professor Tilson’s lecture on Gothic architecture, invention was encouraged by

increasing ambition of clients trying to outdo each other

According to Professor Tilson’s lecture on Gothic architecture, structural vaults had been known for a millennia emerging from Mesopotamia, Greece, Rome and Romanesque architecture. However, gothic structures reduced the weight of the vaults through the use of

thin stone ribs that carried stress lines from the roof to the piers down into the foundations

According to Professor Tilson’s lecture on Gothic architecture, the gothic era differed not only in the sophistication of construction but also in the fact that the Gothic was part of

an urban setting

The palace and gardens at Versailles were laid out with an axes-over-grid plan, first seen in

Rome

The Baroque style developed around the Catholic Church’s Counter-Reformation, where art and architecture were

used as tools to persuade people to return to Catholicism

According to Professor Tilson’s lecture on Baroque architecture, the garden and Chateau plans of Vaux le Vicomte and Versailles influenced

Daniel Burnham’s plan for Chicago The McMillan Plan of 1901 L’Enfant’s original plan for Washington DC Correct Answer —- all of the above

According to Professor Tilson’s lecture on Baroque architecture, ________ was trained as priest and was well educated in the classics, mathematics, and philosophy.

Guarini

The scale and rigor of the Somerset House in London reflects the French tradition of ____________.

the École des Beaux-Arts

Thomas Jefferson learned to design buildings

from books and personal observations while traveling abroad

According to Professor Robinson’s lecture on Eighteenth Century architecture, this French Enlightenment Visionary building is the

Cenotaph for Sir Isaac Newton

According to Professor Robinson’s lecture on Eighteenth Century architecture, the eighteenth century marked an important shift in thinking – from thought based on religion to thought based on

reason or science

Leon Battista Alberti wrote the first architectural treatise of the Renaissance, in part, as a

response to obscurities in Vitruvius’ treatise

The rebuilding of St. Peter’s basilica in Rome

took over 150 years to complete and involved almost every major architect from the 16th and 17th centuries

According to Professor Tilson’s lecture on the Renaissance, Palladio was the first architect to consistently graft the ________ on to the front of the country house.

temple front

According to Professor Tilson’s lecture on the Renaissance, James Gibbs wrote A Book of Architecture, an influential ________ published in London in 1728.

pattern book

According to Professor Robinson’s lecture on Modernity, ________ developed the modern skyscraper, where the glass moved to the exterior, cloaking the structure and creating the panoramic view from inside.

Mies van der Rohe

According to Professor Robinson’s lecture on Modernity, a manifesto
is

a set of ideas that put forward a particular way of thinking

Frank Lloyd Wright created architecture that responded to

the landscape and local building materials

In Ornament and Crime, Adolf Loos compares the use of ornament in architecture to

modern men with tattoos

The U.S. Green Building Council’s Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification program

is a rating system that measures a building’s level of sustainability from the design and construction phases to the overall lifetime performance.

The Rural Studio produced noble, socially conscious buildings using

salvaged, unorthodox and unlikely building materials

According to Professor Kara’s lecture on Mid-Late Twentieth Century architecture, the most recent successful public works are created by architects who are willing to experiment with

all of the above

According to Professor Kara’s lecture on Mid-Late Twentieth Century architecture, the Manhattan Transcripts by Bernard Tschumi

analyzes the inherent spatiality of human movement and actions

Arthur Mackmurdo’s swirling design for this title page from Wren’s City Churches is commonly referred to as the first ____________.

Art Nouveau composition

Before MIT started an architecture program in 1868, American architects had to either work in an architectural office or _____________ to learn the profession.

travel abroad

According to Professor Robinson’s lecture on Nineteenth Century architecture, a new way for people to experience space came about with the invention of

the photograph

According to Professor Robinson’s lecture on Nineteenth Century architecture, Casa Mila in Barcelona is an example of architecture of the

Art Nuevo movement