Stability and Range of Motion- Lesson 10

Which of the following terms describes the straightening of a joint, rather than the bending?
A.
flexion
B.
hyperextension
C.
extension
D.
none of the above

C. extension

Which of the following statements BEST explains why ball-and-socket joints have the greatest range of motion?
A.
The contours of the two bones allow for maximum movement.
B.
The even planes of the bones allow full rotation.
C.
The two matching surfaces allow for movement in multiple directions.
D.
The cup shape of the socket allows for nearly circular motion.

D. The cup shape of the socket allows for nearly circular motion.

Why does range of motion need to be measured separately for each joint?
A.
The average ranges of motion of joints are not known.
B.
Each joint has a different range of motion.
C.
Range of motion can change rapidly in a joint.
D.
none of the above

B. Each joint has a different range of motion.

The center of gravity does not contribute to individual stability.

False

Which of the following statements about stability is NOT true?
A.
Skilled athletes have high levels of stability.
B.
Stability can be learned through practice.
C.
Stability is genetic and cannot be improved.
D.
Stability requires an awareness of your center of gravity.

C. Stability is genetic and cannot be improved.

A condition often referred to as being double-jointed is an example of __________.
A.
hypermobility
B.
hypomobility
C.
hydromobility
D.
hypnomobility

A. hypermobility

Which of the following joints is NOT found in the hands and wrists?
A.
pivot
B.
hinge
C.
condyloid
D.
saddle

A. pivot

The joints in the fingers are __________.
A.
pivot joints
B.
saddle joints
C.
condyloid joints
D.
ball-and-socket joints

C. condyloid joints

Why do women typically tend to have slightly greater stability than men?
A.
Women are shorter than men, and shorter people are more stable.
B.
Men have more muscle mass in their lower bodies that makes them stiff and less stable.
C.
Women have lower centers of gravity, and lower centers of gravity provide more stability.
D.
The increased muscle mass in their upper bodies makes their centers of gravity difficult to find.

C. Women have lower centers of gravity, and lower centers of gravity provide more stability.

Which of the following describes the BEST strategy for increasing a specific joint’s range of motion?
A.
developing a rigorous whole-body exercise program
B.
avoiding stretching before vigorous exercise
C.
applying the principles of overload and progression to exercise the joint
D.
spending two hours swimming daily

C. applying the principles of overload and progression to exercise the joint

The knee has the same kind of joint as the elbow.

true

The thumb is the only saddle joint in the human body.

true

Range of motion is the distance an object can travel when separated from another object.

false

A condition often referred to as being double-jointed is an example of __________.
A.
hypermobility
B.
hypomobility
C.
hydromobility
D.
hypnomobility

Please select the best answer from the choices provided.

A. hypermobility

How many types of joints are there in the human body?
A.
4
B.
2
C.
12
D.
6

D. 6

Which of the following statements about joints is TRUE?
A.
Fixed joints have the greatest range of motion.
B.
Most joints are joined by cartilage or connective tissue.
C.
They are all very flexible.
D.
They occur where two or more bones join.

D. They occur where two or more bones join.

A goniometer measures __________.
A.
a joint’s maximum range of motion
B.
a joint’s minimum range of motion
C.
a joint’s flexion
D.
extension and hyperextension

A. a joint’s maximum range of motion

The carpal bones in the hands are an example of __________.
A.
hinge joints
B.
condyloid joints
C.
saddle joints
D.
gliding joints

D. gliding joints

What differentiates extension from hyperextension?
A.
Extension bends joints in the opposite direction as hyperextension.
B.
Extension straightens a joint, and hyperextension bends it but in the opposite direction from flexion.
C.
Hyperextension straightens a joint, and extension bends it in the opposite direction from flexion.
D.
Both bend joints, but extension can be damaging.

B. Extension straightens a joint, and hyperextension bends it but in the opposite direction from flexion.

Which of the following BEST describes a body in equilibrium?
A.
It is standing upright.
B.
All forces acting on a body are balanced.
C.
The force of gravity has been overcome.
D.
No forces are acting on the body.

B

Why are men typically less stable on their feet than women?

Women generally have a lower center of gravity than men, which contributes to greater stability. Men generally have more muscle mass in their upper arms and bodies, which raises their center of gravity and can make them less stable on their feet.

Explain why synovial joints have greater flexibility than fixed and cartilaginous joint.

Unlike fixed joints or cartilaginous joints, where the bones are connected by either connective tissue or cartilage, the bones in synovial joints are not directly joined by anything, which allows for a much greater range of motion.

Explain the difference between a joint’s possible range of motion and its actual range of motion.

Each type of joint has a possible range of motion associated with it. This possible range of motion depends upon the type of joint it is, rather than the characteristics of the individual who possesses this joint. A joint’s actual range of motion, however, is dependent upon the fitness levels of the individual. Since the possible range of motion is the theoretical maximal range of motion, the actual range of motion will always be less.

How are balance and stability different concepts?

Balance is the ability to maintain equilibrium by neutralizing the forces that disturb it. Stability, meanwhile, is the ability to maintain balance while participating in actions that are likely to upset balance. Standing on one leg for several minutes demonstrates good balance, while playing in a vigorous soccer game without tripping or falling demonstrates good stability.

How might being too strong actually restrict a joint’s range of motion?

If excess muscle is too bulky it can interfere with the motion of a joint, which means that too much muscle strength can reduce a joint’s range of motion and can actually reduce flexibility.

Which of the following BEST explains why stability is an important skill for athletes?
A.
Without good stability, athletes cannot participate in sports.
B.
Without good stability, athletes are too clumsy to perform well.
C.
Good stability helps athletes improve their speed.
D.
Good stability helps athletes deal with their injuries.

B

Participating in __________ can improve flexibility.
A.
yoga
B.
pilates
C.
swimming
D.
all of the above

D

Hyperextension bends a joint in the opposite direction as flexion.

True