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Profane |
ordinary elements of everyday life |
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Sacred |
extraordinary element of everyday life |
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Religion is a social institution that is best defined as involving |
beliefs and practices |
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People understand profane things in terms of |
their everyday usefulness |
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Ritual is a matter of |
formal, ceremonial behavior |
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Faith is a knowing based on |
conviction, rather than scientific evidence |
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Sociological analysis is concerned with |
patterns of religious activities and their effect on society |
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Totem |
an object in the natural world collectively defined as sacred |
|
Not one of the three societal functions of religion |
fostering social conflict |
|
Correct criticism of the structural-functional approach to religion |
ignoring religion’s ability to generate social conflict |
|
Guided by the symbolic-interaction paradigm, sociologists examine |
~how people construct the boundary between sacred and profane ~how it’s related to rituals ~how it gives security and meaning |
|
Sociologist who contributed to a symbolic-interaction analysis of religion |
Peter Berger |
|
Karl Marx believed that religion: |
serves ruling elites by legitimizing the status quo and diverting people’s attention from social inequalities |
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Criticism about Karl Marx’a social-conflict approach to religion |
doesn’t promote equality |
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What do the sacred texts of Christianity, Judaism, and Islam have in common? |
patriarchy |
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In his analysis of Protestantism and the rise of Capitalism, Max Weber asserted that Protestantism: |
emphasizes duty and hard work and fostered the rise of capitalism |
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As Max Weber saw it, capitalism amounted to: |
disenchanted religion |
|
The fusion of Christian principles with political activism, often Marxist in character |
liberation theology |
|
Not consistent with liberation theology |
human suffering is part of God’s natural order of things |
|
religious organization well integrated into the larger society |
church |
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Over the course of its history, the Catholic Church has existed in various forms, including as a: |
state church, church, and denomination |
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As the official church of England, the Anglican Church is correctly described as a |
state church |
|
In the United States, the Amish would be an example of a |
sect |
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A sect is a type of religious organization that |
stands apart from the larger society |
|
Breakaway group from some established religious organization |
sect |
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Animism is the belief that |
everything has a spirit |
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Animism is closely associated with |
Native American Societies |
|
The priesthood first developed in |
agrarian societies |
|
the Muslim population of the US is about |
7 million people |
|
The largest concentration of Jews is in |
North America |
|
The oldest of the world religions is |
Hinduism |
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The term karma refers to |
the belief that the spiritual progress of the human soul |
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The teachings of Buddha are called |
dhamma |
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Buddhists believe that much of life involves |
suffering |
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In general, compared to Eastern religions, Western religions are: |
deity based |
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On national surveys ___ of people in the US identify with a religion |
85% |
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In the US, a majority of people (52.8%) claim some identity as |
Protestants |
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In the US, roughly __ of the population is very religious |
1/3 |
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In the US, members of a ___ are more religious than members of a ___ |
sect; church |
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The largest number of Protestants are of which denomination? |
Baptist |
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Secularization refers to the historical: |
decline in the importance of the sacred |
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Example of civil religion |
patriotism |
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The claim that the US is a post denomination society is based on a movement: |
towards spiritualism and away from established denominations |
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NOT a trait of religious fundamentalism |
accepting religious pluralism |
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Most sociologists agree that |
religion will remain an important part of US society |
|
Cult |
religious organization that is substantially outside a society’s cultural traditions |
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