quiz 9

One in _____ children ages 5-13 with an eating disorder is male.

4

Critics of the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion contend that:

the thalamus cannot carry out complex emotional processing on its own.

Anorexia nervosa is found in _____ cultures.

most

Which theory of emotion is correctly matched with the sequence of events it proposes?

James-Lange — stimulus > physiological response > emotional experience

Which hunger or satiety hormone is matched with its origin?

orexin – hypothalamus

"Dance like no one’s watching. Work like you don’t need the money. Love like you’ve never been hurt," exhorts a sign on Dr. Elliott’s office door. This sign underscores the importance of _____ motivation.

intrinsic

Realizing one’s full potential:

is near the top of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.

In Deci and Ryan’s (2008) theory, self-determination is the motivation for:

growth and optimal functioning.

According to Schachter and Singer, human emotions are based on:

a physiological response and cognitive evaluation.

According to Abraham Maslow, a person’s highest need is the need for:

self-transcendence.

The first two theoretical approaches to motivation that attained prominence in the history of modern psychology were:

the instinct approach, then the drive approach.

The prominent early psychologist _____ argued that instead of crying because we feel sorry, "we feel sorry because we cry."

William James

People are happiest in the morning:

every day of the week.

In response to a threatening stimulus, blood pressure increases, pupils dilate, and digestion stops. These responses reflect activation of the _____ nervous system.

sympathetic

Does drive theory offer a comprehensive account of motivation?

No. Drive theory offers a satisfactory explanation of physiological motives but fails to account for psychologically based motives.

In the disco era, Donna Summer’s working-class heroine "works hard for the money." Most likely, this woman was driven by _____ motivation.

extrinsic

In one study described in the textbook, Israeli and American researchers related the leniency of judges’ decisions to the length of time since the judges had eaten. The focus on relating variables means that this study exemplifies _____ research.

correlational

Major, positive events such as winning the lottery usually lead to:

an initial surge in happiness, followed by a slow return to previous levels.

Kamika is experiencing an intense positive emotion. Based on the dimensions of emotion described in the textbook, which emotion is Kamika MOST likely feeling?

excitement

How often should one exercise to lose weight?

at least 30 consecutive minutes, 5 times each week

In greatly simplified terms, the lateral _____ may be likened to an "on" switch for eating.

hypothalamus

The field of study MOST closely associated with the contemporary investigation of happiness is _____ psychology.

positive

According to the textbook, women tend to feel some emotions more often than men do. Which is NOT one of these emotions?

fear

This sequence: "stimulus > physiological response > emotion" BEST represents the _____ theory of emotion.

James-Lange

Which brain structure plays a central role in fear?

Amygdala

Which hormone signals hunger?

Insulin

In serious cases of _____, women may experience amenorrhea.

anorexia nervosa

In the history of psychology, the James-Lange theory of emotion was followed MOST immediately by the _____ theory.

Cannon-Bard

The psychologist ______ is known for early demonstrations of the universality of emotional expressions among Americans and New Guineans.

Paul Ekman

_____ theory was the earliest approach to motivation to develop in psychology’s history.

Instinct

Motivational tension that activates behavior to satisfy a goal is termed a(n):

Drive

The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion emphasizes the contribution of the _____ to emotional experiences.

thalamus

Which hormone is involved in satiety?

Leptin

A(n) _____ is a psychological state that includes physiological, subjective, and behavioral elements.

emotion

Which early psychologist is MOST strongly associated with instinct theory?

William James

Dewey just won a $65 million lottery prize. If he is typical, one year from now, he will be:

about as happy as he was before he won the lottery.

Charlotte sees Will, an old high school friend, at a party and is startled to learn his weight increased from 150 to 280 pounds in the year since he sustained a head injury in an automobile accident. Damage to which hypothalamic nucleus might account for Will’s weight gain?

ventromedial

According to the textbook, Maslow suggested that most people in North America are mainly motivated by _____ needs.

safety

A research study might expect a _____ correlation between participants’ age and the degree of sympathetic nervous activation in response to a threatening stimulus.

weak negative

In what way does Deci and Ryan’s theory reflect the legacy of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

Self-determination theory suggests that psychological needs are important.

How does the arousal theory of motivation differ from drive-reduction theory?

Arousal theory suggests that people are sometimes motivated to increase rather than decrease their level of stimulation.

Murray’s needs for power and achievement are probably BEST situated at the "_____" level of Maslow’s pyramid.

esteem

Dr. LaGrange is skeptical of drive theories of motivation. Which behavior is he MOST likely to cite in order to justify his skepticism?

bungee jumping

A.L. Washburn was the only participant in Cannon and Washburn’s (1912) demonstration of the stomach’s role in producing hunger pangs. Cannon and Washburn’s study is therefore BEST seen as an example of a(n):

case study

According to Abraham Maslow, a major prerequisite for becoming self-actualized is having:

all of one’s lower-order needs fulfilled.

Which theories of emotion reflect psychology’s cognitive perspective?

the Schachter-Singer theory and Lazarus’s appraisal theory

Major, positive events such as winning the lottery usually lead to:

an initial surge in happiness, followed by a slow return to previous levels.

Most students have encountered a parent or a teacher who touted the value of "learning for its own sake." This expression highlights the importance of _____ motivation.

Intrinsic

An emotion is described as "high arousal and positive valence." This means that the emotion is experienced as:

intense and pleasant.

Consider the distinction between the set point and the settling point in the text’s discussion of hunger, eating, and obesity. Which statement is MOST accurate?

The set point is essentially a physiological concept; the idea of the settling point takes the social and cultural environment into account to a greater extent.

Evidence suggests that using social networking sites such as Facebook:

strengthens existing relationships.

Which statement BEST expresses Maslow’s view of the relationship between physiological needs and psychological needs?

Physiological needs take precedence over psychological ones.

An example of an unpleasant, low-arousal emotion is:

boredom

In the James-Lange theory of emotion, physiological responses _____emotional experiences.

precede

Complex behaviors that are innate, fixed, and universal are called:

instincs

The hierarchy of needs theory of motivation was proposed by:

Abraham Maslow.

Motivation theorists say that a(n) _____ exists when behavior is directed by an association between that behavior and its consequences.

incentive

Declan, a PhD candidate, tells his department’s undergraduate student organization that his dissertation research is in the area of motivation. Declan is investigating the:

factors that direct behavior, thought, and emotion.

In contrast to an emotion, a _____ is a longer-lasting, less intense emotional state with a less distinct beginning and end.

mood

The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion emphasizes the contribution of the _____ to emotional experiences.

thalamus

The cognitive appraisal theory is associated with:

Lazarus

Motivational tension that activates behavior to satisfy a goal is termed a(n):

drive

Obesity is defined as having a BMI of _____ or greater.

30

One of the theories of emotion reviewed in the textbook is sometimes called the "two-factor" theory. Based on the textbook’s discussion, the "two-factor" theory is MOST likely the _____ theory of emotion.

Schachter-Singer

Dr. Lynch shows members of a preliterate Andean culture and American college students a series of photos of either Andeans or Americans displaying emotional expressions. She asks Andeans and Americans to identify the emotion displayed in each photo. Based on Ekman’s results, what might Dr. Lynch predict?

Participants should identify emotions accurately both when they are displayed by members of their own cultural group and when they are displayed by members of the other group.

Shellie takes college courses that interest her and enjoys learning for its own sake; Tori takes courses in which she is fairly certain she’ll do well and studies mainly to ensure good grades. Shellie is ____ motivated; Tori is _____ motivated.

intrinsically; extrinsically

Think back to the ‘Learning’ chapter in the text. Behaviors fueled by drives are MOST likely maintained through:

negative reinforcement.

According to the facial-feedback hypothesis:

facial expressions can affect a person’s emotional experience.

Henry Murray emphasized the importance of the need for:

achievement

Most students have encountered a parent or a teacher who touted the value of "learning for its own sake." This expression highlights the importance of _____

intrinsic

An emotion is described as "high arousal and positive valence." This means that the emotion is experienced as:

intense and pleasant.

Which statement BEST captures Schachter and Singer’s objection to the James-Lange theory of emotion?

Different emotions may not correspond to distinct patterns of physiological activation.

People who cannot feel their internal organs after spinal cord injuries:

experience emotions, contradicting the James-Lange theory of emotion.

Does drive theory offer a comprehensive account of motivation?

No. Drive theory offers a satisfactory explanation of physiological motives but fails to account for psychologically based motives.

A garden snake slithers past Shayla’s feet as she walks to her driveway. Shayla startles, momentarily frightened. A spike of activity is probably occurring in the _____ in Shayla’s brain.

amygdala

How do bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder differ?

Bulimia nervosa is associated with purging, whereas binge eating disorder is not.

The amygdala sends emotional signals to:

other limbic system structures, the brainstem, the autonomic nervous system, and the endocrine system.

When behavior is motivated by personal satisfaction or interest, it is driven by _____ motivation.

intrinsic

Complex behaviors that are innate, fixed, and universal are called:

instincts

The notion that bodily changes and emotions happen simultaneously is the core of the _____ theory of emotion.

Cannon-Bard

Basic emotions include each of these EXCEPT:

guilt.

According to Lazarus, emotions:

stem from the way people interpret their interactions with the environment.

According to self-determination theory, which is NOT a fundamental need?

transcendence

Some of the general themes of early instinct approaches to motivation are echoed in the _____ approach in contemporary psychology.

evolutionary

Which individual’s behavior may MOST easily be explained by the arousal theory of motivation?

Artie, who loves to ride roller coasters

A neuropsychologist publishes an article outlining the amygdala’s role in the perception of emotional expressions and body language. The supporting data in the article is based on her intensive study of a middle-aged man with damage to the amygdala. The neuropsychologist has published a(n) _____ study.

case

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