A therapist who uses a variety of psychological theories and therapeutic methods is said to be: |
b |
As a therapist, Dr. Quist often uses systematic desensitization. She also considers active listening to be an invaluable therapeutic tool, and she frequently makes use of free association. Dr. Quist’s therapeutic approach would best be described as: |
d |
Psychoanalytic techniques are designed primarily to help clients: |
c |
Which of the following therapists introduced the use of free association? |
b |
Free association involves the: |
d |
Sheena’s therapist tells her to relax, close her eyes, and state aloud whatever comes to mind no matter how trivial or absurd. The therapist is using a technique that is central to: |
b |
According to Freud, a patient’s hesitation to free associate is most likely a sign of: |
c |
Psychoanalysts would suggest that resistance during therapy supports and maintains the process of: |
e |
Just as Jerome began telling his therapist about a painful childhood experience, he complained of a headache and abruptly ended the session. A psychoanalyst would most likely suggest that Jerome’s behavior is an example of: |
b |
The interpretation of dreams is most closely associated with: |
e |
The expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier relationships is known as: |
b |
Mr. Phillips has recently begun to express feelings of hostility and resentment toward his therapist, who is consistently friendly, caring, and helpful. A psychoanalyst would most likely consider Mr. Phillips’s hostility to be an example of: |
a |
Psychoanalysts are most likely to: |
a |
Which form of therapy is most likely to be criticized for being too lengthy and time‑consuming? |
d |
Which of the following provides a brief alternative to psychodynamic therapy and is effective with depressed patients? |
e |
Humanistic therapists are most likely to: |
c |
Carl Rogers is known for the development of: |
d |
Which of the following is considered to be the most nondirective form of therapy? |
a |
Dr. Buist does not analyze people’s motives or diagnose the nature of their difficulties because he believes that they are in the best position to diagnose and solve their own problems. Dr. Buist’s position is most characteristic of ________ therapy. |
d |
Client‑centered therapists are most likely to: |
d |
Which approach emphasizes the importance of providing patients with feelings of unconditional acceptance? |
d |
Freud is to ________ as Rogers is to ________. |
b |
Which of the following therapies is more concerned with removing specific troubling symptoms than with providing special insights into the personality of the client? |
c |
Geraldine suggested that her nail biting might be a symptom of unconscious resentment toward her parents. Her therapist chuckled and said, "No, Geraldine, your problem isn’t unconscious hostility; your problem is nail biting." Geraldine’s therapist sounds most like a ________ therapist. |
a |
Counterconditioning techniques were derived from principles first developed by: |
b |
In an effort to reduce his daughter’s fear of the dark, Mr. Chew would hug and gently rock her immediately after turning off the lights at bedtime. Mr. Chew’s strategy best illustrates the technique of: |
e |
Mowrer trained children to discontinue bed-wetting by arranging for an alarm to sound each time they wet their beds. This technique best illustrates a therapeutic application of: |
e |
Which of the following techniques is derived from classical conditioning principles? |
c |
The technique of systematic desensitization was refined by: |
b |
The repeated association of pleasant relaxing states with stimuli that arouse fear is a central feature of: |
b |
The construction of an anxiety hierarchy and training in relaxation are important aspects of: |
c |
To help Michael overcome his fear of taking tests, his therapist instructs him to relax and then to imagine taking a quiz. The therapist is using: |
d |
Mr. Vogt is terribly fearful of being alone in his own house at night. In order to reduce this fear, a behavior therapist would most likely use: |
b |
With aversive conditioning, the therapist replaces a positive response with a negative response. With ________, the therapist replaces a negative response with a positive response. |
a |
When people are forced to face situations that make them extremely fearful, their fear often begins to extinguish. This fact underlies the use of a procedure known as: |
d |
Virtual reality exposure therapy is most likely to prove effective in the treatment of: |
e |
Aversive conditioning involves: |
d |
A lobotomy is to psychosurgery as aversive conditioning is to: |
c |
A therapeutic technique in which child molesters receive electric shocks as they view photos of nude children best illustrates the use of: |
d |
Whenever 2‑year‑old Calista runs into the street in front of her house, her mother immediately spanks her. The mother’s technique most closely resembles the procedure known as: |
c |
Mrs. Laiti is a compulsive gambler. In order to reduce her attraction to this self‑defeating activity, a behavior therapist would most likely use: |
e |
Influencing psychotherapeutic clients by controlling the consequences of their actions illustrates an application of: |
d |
What would be most helpful for encouraging mentally retarded adults to make their beds every morning? |
d |
In which operant conditioning procedure are positive reinforcers given for desired behaviors? |
b |
Mr. Thompson, a fifth‑grade teacher, gives five blue stars to each student who achieves a perfect score on a math or spelling test. At the end of the semester, students can exchange their stars for prizes. Mr. Thompson’s classroom strategy illustrates an application of: |
c |
Which of the following is most often criticized for violating clients’ rights to personal freedom and self‑determination? |
d |
Cognitive therapists are most likely to emphasize that emotional disturbances result from: |
a |
Natasha claimed that her failure to get straight "A’s" in college meant she was incompetent. Her therapist calmly challenged this assertion, commenting, "By your strange calculations, well over 90 percent of all college students are incompetent!" The therapist’s response was most typical of a(n) ________ therapist. |
a |
Training people to stop blaming themselves for failures and negative circumstances beyond their control is of most direct concern to ________ therapists. |
b |
Cognitive therapists are most likely to encourage depressed clients to accept ________ personal responsibility for their failures and ________ personal responsibility for their successes. |
d |
Mark, who suffers from chronic depression, is particularly upset about the low grade he received on his chemistry midterm exam. A cognitive therapist would be most likely to encourage Mark to attribute his failure to his: |
a |
Although Mel is actually doing very well in college, he continues to feel academically incompetent. His therapist has instructed him to explain in writing how his own hard work and personal abilities contributed to each of the good grades he received during the previous semester. This therapeutic procedure is most characteristic of ________ therapy. |
b |
Cynthia is afraid of speaking to a large audience. Her therapist suggests that prior to a speaking she should reassure herself with comments like, "Cheer up, Cynthia. You know what you’re talking about and your topic is really interesting!" This approach to reducing Cynthia’s fear most clearly illustrates: |
d |
A useful feature of group therapy is that it: |
c |
The belief that no person is an island is the fundamental assumption of: |
b |
In order to help Mrs. Otsuki lose weight, Dr. Watson first attempted to assess whether her weight loss might be personally threatening to her husband. The therapist’s concern is most characteristic of a: |
d |
Research on the effectiveness of psychotherapy indicates that: |
a |
Therapists’ perceptions of the effectiveness of psychotherapy are likely to be misleading because: |
b |
Which phenomenon refers to the tendency for extraordinary or unusual events to be followed by more ordinary events? |
c |
Which of the following is most likely to contribute to inflated perceptions of the effectiveness of psychotherapy? |
d |
Students who receive unusually low scores on their first psychology test can reasonably anticipate ________ scores on their second psychology test. |
c |
Unusual ESP subjects who defy chance when first tested nearly always lose their "psychic powers" when retested. This best illustrates: |
a |
Although Shien once scored 37 points during a single high school basketball game, he was subsequently unable to beat or match this record no matter how hard he tried. His experience may be at least partially explained in terms of: |
b |
Which of the following is a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different studies? |
d |
Klaus is a psychology graduate student who wants to determine whether electroconvulsive therapy is an effective treatment for schizophrenia. In assessing the results of numerous published studies on this issue, Klaus should use a technique called: |
e |
The most convincing evidence for the effectiveness of psychotherapy comes from: |
c |
Psychotherapy is most likely to be effective in freeing: |
c |
On the basis of a statistical analysis of some 475 psychotherapy outcome studies, Smith and her colleagues noted that: |
b |
Gretchen compulsively avoids shaking people’s hands or touching doorknobs, because she is afraid of contracting infectious diseases. Research suggests that an especially effective treatment for her difficulty would involve: |
d |
In which procedure do practitioners claim to detect and manipulate human energy fields? |
e |
Which of the following has not been shown to be a beneficial treatment? |
d |
EMDR was originally developed for the treatment of: |
d |
Which of the following is most likely to contribute to inflated estimates of the value of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing? |
e |
EMDR is most similar to a technique known as: |
c |
Which of the following has been demonstrated to provide relief for those who suffer from SAD? |
d |
The value of light-exposure therapy appears to result from its influence on people’s: |
b |
The beneficial consequence of a person’s expecting that a treatment will be therapeutic is known as: |
b |
Because she mistakenly thought that completing a diagnostic test was a therapeutic treatment for her anxiety disorder, Mrs. Shyam felt considerable relief for several weeks following the test. Mrs. Shyam’s reaction best illustrates: |
c |
The psychotherapeutic value of hope is best illustrated by: |
b |
The most effective psychotherapists are those who: |
d |
Which therapeutic specialists are most likely to have received a Ph.D. degree in psychology? |
a |
A physician who specializes in the treatment of psychological disorders is called a: |
e |
Although Dr. Anderson utilizes systematic desensitization for the treatment of phobias, he prescribes antianxiety drugs as well. It is most likely that Dr. Anderson is a: |
d |
mmigrants from Asia would most likely experience difficulty as clients of American psychotherapists who emphasized the value of: |
b |
The biomedical treatment most widely used today is: |
e |
The study of the effect of drugs on mind and behavior is called: |
d |
The double‑blind technique involves: |
b |
Dr. Abdul is a researcher who wants to distinguish between the direct effects of a new antianxiety medication and effects arising simply from expectations of the drug’s effectiveness. Dr. Abdul is most likely to use a procedure known as: |
a |
Antipsychotic drugs have proved helpful in the treatment of: |
b |
Thorazine and Clozaril are ________ drugs. |
b |
Of the following individuals, who is most likely to benefit from therapeutic drugs that block receptor sites for dopamine? |
c |
Which of the following drugs is most likely to produce extremely unpleasant physical side effects? |
a |
Prozac is to depression as ________ is to anxiety. |
c |
In order to help an adult client overcome fears of venturing out of his own home, Dr. Jansen plans to use behavior therapy in combination with drug therapy. Which of the following drugs would Dr. Jansen be most likely to prescribe? |
c |
An increase in the availability of neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and serotonin is most likely to result from the administration of ________ drugs. |
b |
Most antidepressants ________ the availability of norepinephrine and ________ the availability of serotonin. |
c |
Alex feels so hopeless and depressed that he has recently thought about taking his own life. The drug most likely to prove beneficial to him is: |
b |
Inflated estimates of the value of antidepressant drugs are in large part due to: |
c |
Lithium has been found to be especially effective in the treatment of: |
d |
Mr. Thorndyke’s excessive feelings of helplessness and despondency are periodically interrupted by episodes in which he experiences extreme feelings of personal power and a grandiose optimism about his future. Which drug would most likely be prescribed to alleviate his symptoms? |
d |
Which of the following procedures is used only when drug therapy is ineffective? |
b |
Which of the following treatments is most likely to be used only with severely depressed patients? |
d |
Which of the following individuals is most likely to benefit from electroconvulsive therapy? |
a |
Depressed moods are most likely to improve in response to: |
c |
Surgically cutting the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion‑controlling centers of the inner brain is called: |
d |
Which psychosurgical procedure was designed to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients? |
d |
Aversive conditioning is to behavior therapy as a lobotomy is to: |
c |
Preventive mental health is based on the assumption that psychological disorders result from: |
b |
Which approach would attempt to minimize psychological disorders by working to reduce the incidence of child abuse and illiteracy in society? |
d |
Psychology Unit 13
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