Psychology Chapter 12

Abnormality as deviation from the average

________ is a statistically based approach that observes what behaviors are rare, or occur infrequently in a specific society or culture, and labels those deviations from the norm "abnormal." Abnormality as deviation from the ideal Abnormality as a sense of personal discomfort Abnormality as the inability to function effectively Abnormality as deviation from the average

Abnormality as a sense of personal discomfort

________ refers to behavior considered abnormal if it produces a sense of distress, anxiety, or guilt in an individual or if it is harmful to others in someway. Abnormality as the inability to function effectively Abnormality as a legal concept Abnormality as a sense of personal discomfort Abnormality as deviation from the ideal

marking two ends of a continuum.

It is best to view abnormal behavior and normal behavior as: two well-demarcated and nonoverlapping terms. marking two ends of a continuum. absolute states. discrete categories.

Medical perspective

Andy visits his family doctor because he displays symptoms of depression. The doctor conducts an examination and deduces the root cause as a chemical imbalance in his brain. In this scenario, which perspective on psychological disorders does Andy’s doctor use? Psychoanalytic perspective Humanistic perspective Behavioral perspective Medical perspective

Psychoanalytic perspective

Which perspective on psychological disorders primarily argues that psychological disorders stem from childhood conflicts over opposing wishes regarding sex and aggression? Humanistic perspective Psychoanalytic perspective Medical perspective Sociocultural perspective

learned responses.

The behavioral perspective on psychological disorders assumes that abnormal behaviors are: learned responses. genetic anomalies. hormonal imbalances. chemical deficiencies.

emphasis on observable behavior.

The greatest strength of the behavioral perspective on psychological disorders is its: focus on childhood conflicts that affect adult behavior. emphasis on the client’s rich inner life. emphasis on observable behavior. explicit recognition of the biological underpinnings of behavior.

maladaptive thoughts.

The cognitive perspective on psychological disorders assumes that abnormal behaviors are the result of: hormonal imbalances. vitamin deficiency. maladaptive thoughts. genetic mutations.

explicitly teach new, more adaptive ways of thinking.

A primary goal of treatment using the cognitive perspective on psychological disorders is to: use the technique of trephination for the purpose of treating mental illnesses. explicitly teach new, more adaptive ways of thinking. detect the genetic anomalies that cause abnormal behaviors. use electroconvulsive therapy.

responsibility people have for anomalies in their own behavior.

The humanistic perspective on psychological disorders emphasizes the: impact of hormonal imbalances that bring about changes in human behavior. responsibility people have for anomalies in their own behavior. influence of genetic abnormalities that are responsible for anomalies in human behavior. influence of the society that is capable of causing behavioral abnormalities.

Sociocultural perspective

Which perspective on psychological disorders assumes that people’s normal and abnormal behavior is shaped by factors such as poverty and prejudice? Cognitive perspective Sociocultural perspective Psychoanalytic perspective Medical perspective

intellectual disability.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, removes the outdated term mental retardation with: intellectual disability. neurocognitive disorder. conversion disorder. gender dysphoria.

placing labels on individuals powerfully influences the way mental health workers perceive and interpret their actions.

The results of Rosenhan’s classic study illustrate that: determining who is psychologically disordered is always a clear-cut, accurate process. the brains of people with depression show significantly less activation when they view photos of human faces displaying strong emotions. placing labels on individuals powerfully influences the way mental health workers perceive and interpret their actions. learned helplessness is a learned expectation that events in one’s life are uncontrollable.

anxiety.

The feeling of apprehension and tension experienced in reaction to stressful situations is referred to as: paralysis. anxiety. dyslexia. mania.

phobias.

Intense, irrational fear of specific objects or situations is referred to as: compulsions. obsessions. manias. phobias.

judged or embarrassed by others.

Social phobia is the fear of being: sexually abused. judged or embarrassed by others. suffocated in confined spaces. attacked by a clown.

agoraphobia.

Fear of places, such as unfamiliar or crowded spaces, where help might not be available in case of emergency is referred to as: claustrophobia. acrophobia. agoraphobia. xenophobia.

there is a specific, identifiable stimulus that sets off the anxiety reaction.

Phobic disorders differ from generalized anxiety and panic disorders in that: people experience "free-floating" anxiety. they are always preceded by a panic attack. there is a specific, identifiable stimulus that sets off the anxiety reaction. the feeling of anxiety lasts longer.

A sense of impending, unavoidable doom

Which of the following is a symptom of panic disorder? Loss of motor function The inability to register new information A sense of impending, unavoidable doom Loss of memory

generalized anxiety disorder.

Thomas has been suffering from insomnia for the last two years. He has also been experiencing tension, headaches, and heart palpitations. His medical reports show that he is not suffering from any physiological or genetic disorder. Thomas is most likely suffering from: Huntington’s chorea. generalized anxiety disorder. Down syndrome. hypochondria.

compulsion.

An irresistible urge to repeatedly carry out some act that seems strange and unreasonable is referred to as: hypomanic episode. agnosia. compulsion. mania.

obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Sam washes his hands very frequently. In spite of this, he feels that his hands are not clean and that he might acquire a viral disease due to poor hygiene. Given this information, we can conclude that Sam has: bipolar disorder. dyskinesia. obsessive-compulsive disorder. cyclothymic disorder.

Comorbidity

________ is the appearance of multiple simultaneous psychological disorders in the same person. Amok Ataque de nervios Agoraphobia Comorbidity

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Children between the age of 6 and 18 with ________ typically experience temperamental outbursts grossly out of proportion to the situation, both verbally and physically. agnosia dissociative identity disorder anorexia disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

locus ceruleus

Some researchers suggest that poor regulation of the brain’s ________ may lead to panic attacks, which cause the limbic system to become overstimulated. hippocampus hypothalamus locus ceruleus amygdala

somatic symptom disorders.

Psychological difficulties that take on a physical form but for which there is no medical cause are called: genetic disorders. cognitive disorders. chromosomal disorders. somatic symptom disorders.

Illness anxiety disorder

________ is a disorder in which people have a constant fear of illness and a preoccupation with their health. Hemophilia Illness anxiety disorder Agnosia Akinesia

Conversion disorder

________ is a major somatic symptom disorder that involves an actual physical disturbance, such as the inability to use a sensory organ or the complete or partial inability to move an arm or leg. Vascular dementia Conversion disorder Dysphoric disorder Hypochondriasis

glove anesthesia.

A conversion disorder in which an individual’s hand becomes entirely numb, while an area above the wrist, controlled by the same nerves, remains sensitive to touch is referred to as: cyclothymic disorder. dissociative disorder. bipolar disorder. glove anesthesia.

Dissociative disorders

________ are psychological dysfunctions characterized by the separation of different facets of a person’s personality that are normally integrated. Conversion disorders Chromosomal disorders Somatic symptom disorders Dissociative disorders

Dissociative identity disorder

________ is a disorder in which a person displays characteristics of two or more distinct personalities. Cyclothymic disorder Bipolar disorder Conversion disorder Dissociative identity disorder

Dissociative amnesia

________ is a disorder in which a significant, selective memory loss occurs. Anorexia Agnosia Dissociative amnesia Conversion disorder

Dissociative fugue

________ is a form of amnesia in which the individual leaves home and sometimes assumes a new identity. Anorexia Bipolar disorder Dissociative fugue Conversion disorder

they allow people to escape from some anxiety-producing situation.

The common thread among dissociative disorders is that: people suffering from these disorders experience a significant loss of memory. people suffering from these disorders leave their home to lead a life of anonymity. they involve an actual physical disturbance, such as the inability to see or hear. they allow people to escape from some anxiety-producing situation.

a disturbance in emotional experience that is strong enough to intrude on everyday living.

Mood disorder refers to: an actual loss of information from memory that typically results from a physiological cause. an actual physical disturbance, such as the inability to use a sensory organ. a form of amnesia in which the individual leaves home and assumes a new identity. a disturbance in emotional experience that is strong enough to intrude on everyday living.

repressed memories

The term ________ is sometimes used to describe the lost memories of people with dissociative amnesia. repressed memories selective memories "free-floating" memories la belle indifference

Mania

________ is an extended state of intense, wild elation. Insomnia Mania Anxiety Depression

Bipolar disorder

________ is a disorder in which a person typically alternates between periods of euphoric feelings of mania and periods of depression. Dissociative fugue Bipolar disorder Conversion disorder Amnesia

Serotonin

Which of the following neurotransmitters plays a major role in depression? Endorphins Acetylcholine Morphine Serotonin

Schizophrenia

________ is a class of disorders in which severe distortion of reality occurs. Bipolar disorder Hypochondriasis Schizophrenia Parkinson’s disease

process schizophrenia

In ________, symptoms develop slowly and subtly. Type I schizophrenia reactive schizophrenia process schizophrenia Type II schizophrenia

Positive-symptom

________ schizophrenia, is best characterized by a presence of disordered behavior such as hallucinations, delusions, and emotional extremes. Positive-symptom Process Negative-symptom Reactive

Abnormalities in cortex and limbic systems

Which of the following brain abnormalities is associated with schizophrenia? Abnormalities in cortex and limbic systems Inactive brain receptors related to hearing and color during hallucinations Reduced activity in the brain’s dopamine pathways Increased activity in the frontal lobe of the brain

individuals may inherit an inborn sensitivity to schizophrenia.

The predisposition model of schizophrenia suggests that: individuals may inherit an inborn sensitivity to schizophrenia. schizophrenia has genetic causes. schizophrenia is not related to social rejection. expressed emotion cannot trigger schizophrenic symptoms.

antisocial personality disorder.

Roger is a manipulative individual who has no regard for the moral and ethical rules of society or the rights of others. It is most likely that he has: obsessive-compulsive disorder. bipolar disorder. manic disorder. antisocial personality disorder.

borderline personality disorder.

Carrie is dramatic and emotionally volatile. She rapidly forms intense relationships that seem to fall apart just as quickly. Although she tends to distrust others, she also needs their attention to define her. Carrie is most likely to be diagnosed with: borderline personality disorder. bipolar personality disorder. antisocial personality disorder. narcissistic personality disorder.

exaggerated sense of self-importance.

Narcissistic personality disorder is characterized by a(n): tendency to submit to demeaning treatment. exaggerated sense of self-importance. disregard for religion. inability to develop a stable sense of identity.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

________ is a disorder typically marked by inattention, impulsiveness, a low tolerance for frustration, and a great deal of inappropriate activity. Bipolar disorder Schizophrenia Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Narcissistic personality disorder

Autism spectrum disorder

________ refers to a severe developmental disability that impairs children’s ability to communicate and relate to others. Schizophrenia Autism spectrum disorder Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Bipolar disorder

found in Malaysia but not in the West.

Amok is a psychological disorder: found in Malaysia but not in the West. found in parts of Africa but not in the West. in which males develop an intense panic and the penis withdraws into the abdomen. that is characterized by severe, incapacitating mood changes related to a woman’s menstrual cycle.