Psychology Ch. 14

A study conducted by Lehman and Taylor reports that California students living in dormitories unlikely to withstand an earthquake were more likely to doubt earthquake predictions than were students living in safer structures. This example best illustrates:

a defense mechanism.

The strategy of preparing for stress before it happens is termed _____ coping.

proactive

Efforts to control, reduce, or learn to tolerate the threats that lead to stress are termed:

coping.

Which category of stressor is correctly matched with an example?

Personal stressor—being fired

Stress may impair our production of disease-fighting white blood cells called:

lymphocytes.

Which of the following is true about the general adaptation syndrome?

The first stage of the general adaptation syndrome is known as the alarm and mobilization stage.

Sally was irritated as her cell phone got switched off due to low battery. This is an example of a _____.

background stressor

In the long term, the most effective means of reducing smoking may be:

changes in societal norms and attitudes toward the habit.

Annie is a Type A individual. She would be characterized by _____ behavior.

hostile

Which of the following is supposed to be the most successful method of quitting smoking?

Attending counseling, along with using nicotine replacement patches or gums

Identify the correct statement relating to happy people.

Happy people like to be around other people.

Tim was told by his doctor that if he did not stop eating fast foods, he would turn diabetic and obese. This is an example of a _____ health message.

negatively

Most people think that they are _____ famous people like Oprah Winfrey.

happier than

Josh was just in an automobile accident. The first thing he does is call his insurance company and begin the claim process. Josh is engaging in ________ coping.

problem-focused

You walk into your biology class and unexpectedly see a quiz waiting for you on your desk. If you are not prepared for the quiz, you are likely to experience the ________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

alarm

Lifestyle choices, behaviors, and psychological characteristics are the main focus of ________ psychology.

health

Which statement is NOT correct concerning the relationship between the immune system and stress?

Acute stressors produce enhanced immune system functioning.

A situation, circumstance, or event that challenges the individual and requires some form of coping mechanism best defines the term

stressor.

According to the text, a key element in predicting whether Barry will change his drinking behavior is

how ready he is to change the behavior.

Based on the text, which of these is an accurate description of the relationship between stress and the immune system and cancer?

The physiological effects of stress inhibit immune responses to cancer.

Happy people:

hold moderately inflated views of themselves.

Which of the following statements is true regarding male and female physicians’ communication with their patients

Female physicians provide more patient-centered communication than do male physicians.

Research shows that winning the lottery usually leads to:

an initial surge in happiness, followed by a slow return to previous levels.

Which of the following is true of physicians’ communication with their patients?

Patients may be reluctant to volunteer information that might cast them in a bad light.

Which of the following statements is NOT one of the preliminary hypotheses in regards to the relationship between stress and the immune system?

Stress directly promotes disease-producing processes.

The general adaptation syndrome refers to the

body’s response to stressors.

Which of the following accurately describes the sequence of stages in the general adaptation syndrome?

Alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

Jennie’s father comes home after a long day of work and has a couple of strong drinks to help him relax. His motive for drinking would be characterized as

coping.

A fundamental premise of the general adaptation syndrome is that

a stressor produces the same physical symptoms in all people.

Shirley is talking to a group of third graders about the importance of drinking plenty of water every day. She is focused on

health promotion.

A surge in ________ caused by severe emotional distress may contribute to one’s risk of a heart attack.

adrenaline

A(n) ________ activity is defined as one that increases heart rate and lung functioning.

aerobic

Who is NOT engaged in what psychologists refer to as health behaviors?

Jim is studying his history notes.

Once you get over the initial stress associated with your first exam of finals week, the fact that you have several more exams will likely lead your body to enter the ________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

resistance

If Jason decides that the snake he sees is dangerous, he has made a

cognitive appraisal.

Based on the text, which of these is an accurate description of the relationship between stress and the immune system and cancer?

The physiological effects of stress inhibit immune responses to cancer.

Which of the following sequences best captures the "stress cycle," from the beginning to the end of one cycle?

Stressor → stress → coping → adaptation

Wishful thinking and the use of drugs exemplify the use of _____ coping.

avoidant

Susan has been working tirelessly for the past few weeks due to tight deadlines. She is also being pressurized by her parents to get married and settle in life. Susan is stressed and has been detected with high blood pressure, skin rashes, and fatigue. She is in a helpless state and thinks her life is messed up. Susan is suffering from a(n) _____.

psychophysiological disorder

Faced with overlapping, unrealistic deadlines at work, Ivan recruits his friends to perform some of the routine clerical tasks associated with the projects. Ivan is engaged in _____ coping.

problem-focused

Which of the following is true of the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

In some cases, exhaustion allows people to escape a stressor.

Which of the following is true about problem-focused coping?

Problem-focused coping leads to changes in behavior or to the development of a plan of action to deal with stress.

Dr. Alastair examines the relationship among psychological factors, the immune system, and the brain. Dr. Alastair is a:

psychoneuroimmunologist.

Which of the following statements best captures the relationship between background stressors and daily hassles?

Background stressors and daily hassles are the same thing.

Which of the following is true of resilience?

Resilience results in the release of the hormone cortisol which is helpful in responding to challenges, although too much can produce damage.

Which of the following are strong stressors that occur suddenly and typically affect many people at once?

Cataclysmic events

Eve was stressed as she had got transferred to Italy. She decided to look at the brighter side of her relocation by telling herself that it will be a new experience, that she will be able to meet different people, and see new places. Eve is observing _____ coping.

emotion-focused

In the psychology of health and stress, Hans Selye is associated with the study of:

the general adaptation syndrome.

PTSD may result from:

cataclysmic events and severe personal stressors.

The component of the Type A pattern most strongly linked to coronary heart disease is that of:

hostility.

Martha has a Type B behavior pattern. Which of the following characteristics would be observed in Martha?

Cooperation

The Type A and Type B behavior patterns are best seen as:

ends of a continuum.

The _____ behavior pattern is a cluster of behaviors involving hostility, competitiveness, time urgency, and feeling driven.

Type A