PSYCH Chapter 14

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Seligman found that, when faced with a painful situation from which there is no escape, animals and people enter a state of helplessness and resignation. He called this _____.

A. resigned helplessness
B. learned helplessness
C. helpless resignation
D. autonomic resignation

B. learned helplessness

Seeing a butterfly on a flower, someone with schizophrenia might say, "Look, a butterflower." This is an example of a language disturbance called _____.

A. word salad
B. a neologism
C. a hallucination
D. a delusion

B. a neologism

Frances was diagnosed with a mental illness because she lost her job when she tested positive for marijuana use at a company that requires frequent random drug testing. From the criteria of identifying abnormal behavior this is an example of _____.

A. infrequent occurrence
B. personal dysfunction or distress
C. danger
D. atypical behavior approach

B. personal dysfunction or distress

This is characterized by diffuse anxiety caused by intrusive thoughts and urges to perform repetitive, ritualistic behaviors.

A. generalized anxiety disorder
B. obsessive-compulsive disorder
C. ritual abuse
D. agoraphobia

B. obsessive-compulsive disorder

When Veda returned home after the worst typhoon in twenty years, her entire family was dead and there was nothing left of her village. Veda wandered off and forgot her name, and everything about her previous life. This is an example of a _____.

A. dissociative amnesia
B. nervous breakdown
C. dissociative fugue
D. dissociate identity disorder

C. dissociative fugue

The presence of inflexible, maladaptive personality traits that significantly impair social and occupational functioning is characteristic of _____.

A. nearly all mental disorders
B. none of these options
C. personality disorders
D. the psychotic and dissociative disorders

C. personality disorders

Anxiety disorders are _____.

A. all of these options
B. twice as common in men as in women
C. the least frequent of the mental disorders
D. characterized by unrealistic, irrational fear

D. characterized by unrealistic, irrational fear

Egocentrism, lack of a conscience, impulsive behavior, and manipulation of others, disregard for the rights of others, lack of remorse/guilt, and charisma are MOST characteristic of someone with _____.

A. an antisocial personality disorder
B. a bipolar disorder
C. a borderline personality
D. a schizophrenic disorder

A. an antisocial personality disorder

Morris is having trouble sleeping, has lost his appetite, is too tired to go to work, and cannot concentrate on simple television shows. It is MOST likely that Morris is experiencing a _____.

A. major depression
B. generalized anxiety disorder
C. minor depression
D. generalized depressive disorder

A. major depression

The classification system produced by the American Psychiatric Association and used to describe abnormal behaviors is called the DSM-IV-TR. DSM is an abbreviation for _____.

A. Diseases and Symptoms of Mental Disorders
B. Diagnosis and Symptoms Manual
C. Diagnosis, Symptoms, and Management Manual
D. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

D. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

This is the term for sensory perception that occurs in the absence of an external stimulus.

A. Delusion
B. Hallucination
C. Illusion
D. Flight of ideas

B. Hallucination

One of the biological theories of the cause of antisocial personality is _____.

A. a lack of hemispheric dominance
B. an unusually small corpus callosum
C. brain damage during the birth process
D. abnormal autonomic activation during stress

D. abnormal autonomic activation during stress

Chronic, uncontrollable, excessive worrying about nothing in particular is associated with _____.

A. generalized anxiety disorder
B. hysteria
C. panic attack
D. obsessive-compulsive disorder

A. generalized anxiety disorder

This is characterized by an intense, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation.

A. Hysterical disorder
B. Panic disorder
C. Phobia
D. Panic attack

C. Phobia

One possible biological cause of BPD is _____.

A. emotional deprivation
B. impaired functioning of the frontal lobes
C. all of these options
D. childhood history of neglect

B. impaired functioning of the frontal lobes

The purpose of the DSM-IV-TR is to provide ____.

A. descriptions of disorders
B. explanations of the causes of disorders
C. treatment recommendations for disorders
D. all of these options

A. descriptions of disorders

It is possible that men are underdiagnosed with depression for all EXCEPT which of the following reasons?

A. Socialized to suppress emotion
B. Hesitant to admit sadness
C. Increased sexual behavior
D. High use of alcohol

C. Increased sexual behavior

Someone who experiences episodes of mania, or cycles between mania and depression, has a _____.

A. bipolar disorder
B. disruption of circadian rhythms
C. depressive disorder
D. manic-depressive syndrome

A. bipolar disorder

PET scans show that some people with chronic schizophrenia have less activity in _____, compared to people without schizophrenia.

A. the temporal lobes
B. all the cerebral lobes
C. the frontal and temporal lobes
D. the frontal lobes

C. the frontal and temporal lobes

This is an outdated term for disorders characterized by unrealistic anxiety and other associated problems.

A. Hysteria
B. Psychasthenia
C. Psychosis
D. Neurosis

D. Neurosis

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding abnormal behavior?

A. Mental disorders are signs of personal weakness.
B. Many mentally ill individuals work at moderate- and high-level jobs.
C. Violence is the most common symptom of mental disorders.
D. Mental illness is permanent.

B. Many mentally ill individuals work at moderate- and high-level jobs.

Antidepressants and lithium are prescribed for mood disorders because they appear to affect the amount or functioning of _____ in the brain.

A. acetylcholine and dopamine
B. myelin
C. endorphins
D. norepinephrine and serotonin

D. norepinephrine and serotonin

Co-morbidity is the term used to indicate _____.

A. the death of two or more family members from the same disorder
B. the presence of two or more disorders in the same person at the same time
C. all of these options
D. the presence of two family members with the same disease, in the same family

B. the presence of two or more disorders in the same person at the same time

This disorder is characterized by impulsivity, hyper-sexuality, and instability of mood, relationships, and self-image.

A. Borderline personality disorder
B. Antisocial personality disorder
C. Dissociative identity disorder
D. Schizophrenia

A. Borderline personality disorder

This has NOT been used as an approach to defining abnormal behavior.

A. Medical school consensus
B. Personal distress
C. Level of dysfunction
D. Violation of norms

A. Medical school consensus

When a depression is lifting from a person who has been suicidal in the past _____.

A. there is no risk of suicide
B. the risk of suicide decreases
C. the risk of suicide increases
D. the risk of suicide is not affected

C. the risk of suicide increases

This disorder is an attempt to avoid painful memories or situations. It is characterized by amnesia, fugue, or multiple personalities.

A. Dissociative disorder
B. Displacement disorder
C. Identity disorder
D. Disoriented disorder

A. Dissociative disorder

Which of the following MOST clearly illustrates an obsessive-compulsive disorder?

A. Morgan washes her hands 10 times after learning that the patient she just treated has hepatitis B.
B. Kendrick is so anxious about his speech for tomorrow that he reviews his notes 20 times.
C. Constant sexual thoughts have made Lauryn anxious for several months. She now carries a prayer book and feels pressured to read passages aloud over and over again everywhere she goes.
D. Mason’s house was burglarized last week. He now checks the locks on his doors and windows 5 times a night, and listens to the radio to stop worrying about his safety.

C. Constant sexual thoughts have made Lauryn anxious for several months. She now carries a prayer book and feels pressured to read passages aloud over and over again everywhere she goes.

This is an excessive and unreasonable state of excitement, which may include impulsive behavior.

A. Hyperarousal
B. Compulsivity
C. Elation
D. Mania

D. Mania

A major difference between major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder is that only in bipolar disorder do people have _____.

A. biochemical imbalance
B. manic episodes
C. hallucinations or delusions
D. depression

B. manic episodes

The two main types of mood disorders are _____.

A. SAD and MAD
B. learned helplessness and suicide
C. happy and sad
D. major depression and bipolar disorder

D. major depression and bipolar disorder

Research on dissociative identity disorder suggests that _____.

A. all patients report losing time
B. the original personality has no idea about the alternate subpersonalities
C. is diagnosed more in women
D. all of these options

D. all of these options

According to your text’s complete definition of abnormal behavior, which of the following statistically infrequent behaviors would qualify as "abnormal"?

A. living a completely celibate life
B. the belief that the CIA is following you
C. having your entire body tattooed
D. all of these options

B. the belief that the CIA is following you

This is a culture-bound disorder that is characterized by delusions and cannibalistic impulses.

A. There is no such disorder
B. Windigo psychosis
C. Flesh-eating fetish
D. Anorexia cannibalis

B. Windigo psychosis

In early therapy of abnormal behavior, _____ was used to allow evil spirits to escape, while _____ was designed to make the body so uncomfortable it would be uninhabitable to the devil.

A. purging; fasting
B. demonology; hydrotherapy
C. trephining; exorcism
D. the medical model; dunking

C. trephining; exorcism

Schizophrenia is also a form of _______________, a term describing a general lack of contact with reality.

A. delusion
B. psychosis
C. bizarre behavior
D. neurosis

B. psychosis

A condition in which two or more distinct personalities are present, at different times, in the same person is called _____.

A. dissociative identity disorder (DID)
B. plural personality disorder (PPD)
C. schizophrenia
D. dissociative personality disorder (DPD)

A. dissociative identity disorder (DID)

"Insanity" is a _____ term that is used in _____% of cases that reach trial.

A. psychological; 1%
B. legal; 1%
C. legal; 3%
D. psychological; 3%

B. legal; 1%

This is the current term for serious mental disorders characterized by a loss of contact with reality and extreme mental disruptions.

A. Hysteria
B. Psychosis
C. Neurosis
D. Insanity

B. Psychosis

This is a biological explanation for the development of anxiety disorders.

A. Some individuals may have a genetic predisposition for becoming easily aroused
B. Biochemical disturbances due to caffeine, lactic acid, or hyperventilation may play a role.
C. All of these options
D. There may be an evolutionary predisposition to fear what is dangerous.

C. All of these options

Amnesia, fugue, and multiple personality disorders share this characteristic.

A. A splitting apart of a painful experience from consciousness
B. Low self-esteem
C. A splitting apart of reality and fantasy
D. Damage to the hippocampus, which is involved in memory

A. A splitting apart of a painful experience from consciousness

Which of the following is TRUE regarding suicide?

A. Women commit suicide more often than men.
B. A family history of suicide increases a person’s risk for suicide.
C. Only depressed or psychotic people commit suicide.
D. People who talk about it won’t do it.

B. A family history of suicide increases a person’s risk for suicide.

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