Psych Chapter 11 practice exam questions

Dr. Schilling is investigating the potential genetic basis of antisocial personality disorder by examining the relative prevalence of the disorder among either identical or fraternal twins, raised either together or in different families. Her colleague, Dr. Figueroa, is investigating potential genetic markers of the disorder. Dr. Schilling is best described as a ________. Dr. Figueroa, as a ________.
A) behavioral geneticist; molecular psychologist
B) molecular geneticist; behavioral geneticist
C) behavioral geneticist; behavioral geneticist as well
D) molecular geneticist; molecular geneticist as well

A) behavioral geneticist; molecular psychologist

Which component of the personality uses defense mechanisms and why?
A) The id uses defense mechanisms to express its impulses.
B) The superego uses defense mechanisms to help the id express its impulses.
C) The superego uses defense mechanisms to help the individual conform to society.
D) The ego uses defense mechanisms to prevent excessive anxiety.

D) The ego uses defense mechanisms to prevent excessive anxiety.

Humanistic psychologists suggest that people are consciously motivated to reach their maximum potential; that is, people have a fundamental drive toward self-:
A) deception
B) esteem
C) actualization
D) efficacy

C) actualization

Which defense mechanism is CORRECTLY matched with a definition?
A) displacement – An impulse is redirected from the source of anxiety to a more acceptable source.
B) reaction formation – unacceptable impulses are channeled into socially acceptable activities
C) projection – unacceptable impulses are expressed as their opposites
D) sublimation – unacceptable impulses are attributed to another person

A) displacement – An impulse is redirected from the source of anxiety to a more acceptable source.

If one male identical twin is gay, the likelihood that the other is also gay is about 50%. By comparison, the likelihood that a gay male’s fraternal twin is also gay is closer to 20%. How might a behavioral geneticist interpret these figures?
A) These figures indicate the influence of non-shared environmental factors, thereby suggesting a sizeable genetic contribution to male homosexuality.
B) These figures indicate the influence of non-shared environmental factors, thereby suggesting a sizeable environmental contribution to male homosexuality.
C) These figures indicate heritability, thereby suggesting a sizeable genetic contribution to male homosexuality.
D) These figures indicate heritability, thereby suggesting a sizeable environmental contribution to male homosexuality.

C) These figures indicate heritability, thereby suggesting a sizeable genetic contribution to male homosexuality.

According to Abraham Maslow, a major prerequisite for becoming self-actualized is having:
A) all of one’s lower-order needs fulfilled
B) a major altruistic streak
C) a very selfless nature
D) suffered in the past so one can truly appreciate the good aspects of life

A) all of one’s lower-order needs fulfilled

Which of the following describes the Five-Factor model dimension of extroversion?
A) A general appreciation for art, adventure, and experience
B) A tendency to show discipline and aim for achievement
C) A tendency to experience positive emotions
D) A tendency to experience negative emotions

C) A tendency to experience positive emotions

Is genetics destiny?
A) No. While genetics are important in behavior and personality, non-shared environmental factors are more influential.
B) No. While genetics are important in behavior and personality, shared environmental factors are more influential.
C) No. Genetics seem to have only a minor influence on behavior and personality.
D) Yes. Genetics have more impact on personality and behavior than do either shared or non-shared environmental factors.

A) No. While genetics are important in behavior and personality, non-shared environmental factors are more influential.

Which of the following defines physiognomy?
A) Personality is expressed in the color of the eyes
B) Personality is expressed in physical appearance
C) Personality is expressed in the shape of the skull
D) Personality is expressed in facial characteristics

D) Personality is expressed in facial characteristics

According to ________, we wish to escape from the freedom technology has given us and reconnect with other people.
A) Horney
B) Adler
C) Jung
D) Fromm

D) Fromm

In order to protect herself from unconscious anxiety, Susie convinces herself that she hates action movies whereas, on an unconscious level, she actually loves them. This illustrates the defense mechanism known as:
A) repression
B) reaction formation
C) projection
D) rationalization

B) reaction formation

What do the id and the superego have in common?
A) They both reflect society’s rules and constraints.
B) They are both unrealistic.
C) They are both motivated by primitive drives.
D) They are both largely conscious.

B) They are both unrealistic.

Which of the following is NOT one of the neo-Freudian psychoanalysts?
A) Adler
B) Cattell
C) Jung
D) Fromm

B) Cattell

According to your text, "a pattern of high conscientiousness, low neuroticism, and high agreeableness predicts successful job performance." This statement supports the ________ of measures of the Big Five personality dimensions.
A) parsimony
B) reliability
C) objectivity
D) validity

D) validity

Which of the following Freudian notions appears to have been supported in subsequent empirical research?
A) Unconscious processes contribute importantly to thought and behavior.
B) Much of our behavior reflects an attempt to guard against unacceptable sexual and aggressive impulses.
C) Adult personality reflects fixation at particular childhood psychosexual development.
D) All of these ideas have received substantial empirical support.

A) Unconscious processes contribute importantly to thought and behavior.

Which of the following defines somatology?
A) Personality is expressed in the color of the eyes
B) Personality is expressed in body type
C) Personality is expressed in the shape of the skull
D) Personality is expressed in facial characteristics

B) Personality is expressed in body type

Which of the following describes the Five-Factor model dimension of conscientiousness?
A) A general appreciation for art, adventure, and experience
B) A tendency to show discipline and aim for achievement
C) A tendency to experience positive emotions
D) A tendency to experience negative emotions

B) A tendency to show discipline and aim for achievement

Bernie faithfully dials 1-866-PSYCHIC when he faces a big decision or when he simply feels uncertain. He believes the prognostications of the "gifted advisor," even though the predictions are so vague that virtually anyone’s experiences would confirm them. Bernie’s example illustrates the _______ effect.
A) Barnum
B) Mischel
C) Bandura
D) Allport

A) Barnum

In Freud’s theory, developmental concerns that persist into adulthood and continue to influence personality are termed:
A) fixations
B) defense mechanisms
C) reaction formations
D) conflicts

A) fixations