Psych Chapter 10 Review

What do the id and the superego have in common?

a. They both reflect society’s rules and constraints.
b. They are both unrealistic.
c. They are both motivated by primitive drives.
d. They are direct opposites

b. They are both unrealistic.

Humanistic psychologists suggest that people are consciously motivated to reach their maximum potential, each in a unique way; that is, people have a fundamental drive toward:

a. self-regulation
b. self-esteem
c. self-actualization
d. self-efficacy

c. self-actualization

Which of Freud’s personality structures is correctly matched with a descriptive term?

a. Id—pleasure principle
b. Ego—conscience
c. Superego—reality principle
d. Ego—psychic energy

a. Id—pleasure principle

Which of the following statements best describes the nature of the id, ego, and superego in Freud’s psychoanalytic theory?

a. The id, ego, and superego correspond to specific structures in the brain.
b. The id, ego, and superego are abstract conceptions of a general model of personality and do not correspond to physical parts of the brain.
c. The id, ego, and superego correspond to broad, distributed networks of structures in the brain.
d. The id, ego, and superego relate to specific structures in the unconscious, preconscious, and conscious parts of the mind.

b. The id, ego, and superego are abstract conceptions of a general model of personality and do not correspond to physical parts of the brain.

Which of the following sequences indicates the order of the first three stages in Freud’s theory of psychosexual development, from first to last?

a. Oral → phallic → anal
b. Anal → oral → phallic
c. Anal → phallic → oral
d. Oral → anal → phallic

d. Oral → anal → phallic

Which of the following defense mechanisms is used when people provide self-justifying explanations in place of the actual, but threatening, reason for their behavior?

a. Rationalization
b. Reaction formation
c. Projection
d. Sublimation

a. Rationalization

Which approach to personality emphasizes the role played by self-efficacy?

a. Bandura’s social cognitive approach
b. Skinner’s behaviorist approach
c. Gordon Allport’s trait theory
d. Rogers’s humanistic theory

a. Bandura’s social cognitive approach

How do neo-Freudians’ thought differ from Freud’s original theory?

a. The neo-Freudians placed even more emphasis on sex than did Freud himself.
b. The neo-Freudians tended to emphasize the importance of the ego rather than that of the id.
c. The neo-Freudians paid less attention to cultural influences on behavior.
d. The neo-Freudians focused less on the social environment.

b. The neo-Freudians tended to emphasize the importance of the ego rather than that of the id.

Which of the following sequences correctly arranges Gordon Allport’s trait categories from the most specific to the broadest?

a. Secondary → central → cardinal
b. Secondary → cardinal → central
c. Cardinal → secondary → central
d. Cardinal → central → secondary

a. Secondary → central → cardinal

Which of the following is NOT one of Hans Eysenck’s major personality dimensions?

a. Extraversion
b. Agreeableness
c. Neuroticism
d. Psychoticism

b. Agreeableness

According to Carl Jung, _____ are universal symbolic representations of a particular person, object, or experience (such as good and evil).

a. prototypes
b. archetypes
c. stereotypes
d. subtypes

b. archetypes

Which neo-Freudian psychoanalytic theorist is correctly matched with a key concept?

a. Carl Rogers; inferiority complex psychology
b. Alfred Adler; unconditional positive regard
c. Karen Horney; archetype
d. Carl Jung; collective unconscious

d. Carl Jung; collective unconscious

Which of the following is NOT one of the "Big Five" personality dimensions?

a. Extraversion
b. Openness to experience
c. Neuroticism
d. Psychoticism

d. Psychoticism

In Freud’s theory, concerns that persist beyond the developmental period in which they first occur are termed:

a. fixations
b. defense mechanisms
c. complexes
d. conflicts

a. fixations

_____ is a prominent psychologist associated with the humanistic perspective.

a. Albert Bandura
b. B. F. Skinner
c. Carl Rogers
d. Sigmund Freud

c. Carl Rogers

Young children resolve the Oedipus conflict by wanting to be as much like the same-sex parent as possible, a process termed:

a. identification
b. projection
c. reflection
d. sublimation

a. identification

The _____ is the part of the personality that contains the memories, knowledge, beliefs, feelings, urges, drives, and instincts of which the individual is not aware.

a. semiconscious
b. conscious
c. subconscious
d. unconscious

d. unconscious

_____ approaches to personality are approaches that assume that personality is motivated by inner forces and conflicts about which people have little awareness and over which they have no control.

a. Humanistic
b. Behavioral
c. Evolutionary
d. Psychodynamic

d. Psychodynamic

Which defense mechanism is correctly matched with a definition?

a. Displacement—an unwanted feeling is redirected from a threatening individual to a less threatening one
b. Reaction formation—unacceptable impulses are channeled into socially acceptable activities
c. Projection—unacceptable impulses are expressed as their opposites
d. Sublimation—unacceptable impulses are attributed to another person

a. Displacement—an unwanted feeling is redirected from a threatening individual to a less threatening one

According to Carl Rogers, people experience anxiety when:

a. they feel inferior in the face of a challenging task.
b. they become conscious of unacceptable sexual urges.
c. they cannot satisfy their basic needs.
d. their self-concept is at odds with their experience.

d. their self-concept is at odds with their experience.

According to Freud probably the most primary of the defense mechanisms is that of:

a. denial
b. repression
c. projection
d. sublimation

b. repression

Which of the following sequences best reflects the order in which Freud’s personality structures develop during infancy and childhood, from first to last?

a. Superego → ego → id
b. Id → superego → ego
c. Id → ego → superego
d. Superego → id → ego

c. Id → ego → superego

The _____ is a widely used self-report test that identifies people with psychological difficulties and is employed to predict some everyday behaviors.

a. TAT
b. NEO-PI-R
c. MMPI-2-RF
d. 16 PF

c. MMPI-2-RF

To Freud, much of our personality is determined by the:

a. unconscious
b. semiconscious
c. conscious
d. subconscious

a. unconscious

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is a personality assessment widely used in business, industry, and education. Ultimately, it stems from _____ theory.

a. Sigmund Freud’s
b. Carl Jung’s
c. Alfred Adler’s
d. Erik Erikson’s

b. Carl Jung’s