Carl Jung |
-According to Jung, our collective unconscious consists of inherited archetypes -the primitive images and patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behavior that reside in the collective unconscious are called archetypes |
Abraham Maslow |
-Personality theorist who believed in the basic goodness of individuals, and their natural tendency toward self-actualization -According to Maslow, Albert Einstein, Mahatma Ghandi, and Eleanor Roosevelt have self-actualization in common. |
Karen Horney |
-According to Horney, an emotionally healthy person will balance moving toward, away, and against people -Horney believed that the strongest influence on an individual’s personality was that person’s relationship with his or her parents. |
Sigmund Freud |
– According to Freud, the thoughts and information that you can easily bring to awareness is called your preconscious – The three mental structures that form personality are the id, ego, and superego |
Carl Rogers |
emphasized the importance of self-concept. He believed our personality and individual self-esteem are heavily influenced by early childhood experiences. |
Unconditional positive regard |
Rogerian term for positive behavior toward a person without attaching any contingencies |
multiphasic personality test |
measures a range of personality tests |
Five-Factor Model |
Openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticism (OCEAN) |
Projective Testing |
The use of ambiguous, unstructured stimuli to assess personality |
Thematic Apperception Test |
people are asked to look at an ambiguous scene and tell a story about what has, is, and will happen in the scene |
Defense Mechanisms |
– Strategies employed by the ego to reduce anxiety and avoid conflict – When used excessively, they can be dangerous because they distort reality |
Barnum Effect |
One reason people tend to believe in pseudo personality tests is because they have "something for everyone." |
Personality |
– An individual’s relatively stable and enduring pattern of thoughts, feelings, and actions -A major premise underlying psychoanalytic or psychodynamic theories of personality is that unconscious forces have an enormous impact on our behavior, such as feelings, thoughts & actions |
Trait |
-A relatively stable and consistent characteristic that can be used to describe someone -Ex. of traits: Cheerful, honest, friendly, optimistic |
Ego |
The rational part of the psyche that deals with reality and tries to meet the needs of the other two mental structures |
Biological Theories |
emphasize the importance of genetics in the development of personality |
sequence of Freud’s psychosexual stages of development |
Oral > anal > phallic > latency > genital |
amygdala |
Support for a biological contribution to personality can be found in brain research which suggests that introversion is associated with activation in the amygdala of the brain. |
Dopamine |
associated with both novelty-seeking and extroversion. |
Compared to low sensation-seekers and introverts, high sensation-seekers and extroverts tend to have ______. |
lower levels of physiological arousal |
Biopsychosocial |
represents a blending of several theories of personality. |
Phrenology |
refers to the study of personality, based on the location of bumps on a person’s head |
Which of the following is NOT used by a psychologist to assess someone’s personality? |
Objective handwriting analysis |
Objective personality tests |
people are asked to describe themselves on paper-and-pencil tasks that have a limited number of response options and a standardized scoring system. |
Psych Ch 13
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