The text defines social psychology as the scientific study of how people __ one another |
think about, influence, and relate to |
To analyze how people explain others' behavior, Fritz Heider developed |
attribution theory |
The tendency for observers to underestimate the impact of the situtaion and to overestimate the impact of personal dispositions on another's behavior is called |
the fundamental attribution error |
Recognizing the powerful impact of social influence on other's behaviors is most likely to minimize |
social facilitation |
In explaining our own behavior or the behavior of those we know well, we often resort to |
situational attributions |
Magazine computer ads seldom feature endorsements from Hollywood stars or great athletes. Instead they offer detailed information for consumers to develop more positive opinions about the company's products. This advertising strategy best illustrates |
the central route to persuasion |
The tendency for initial compliance with a small request to facilitate subsequent compliance with a larger request is known as the |
foot in the door phenonmenon |
In the years immediately following the introduction of school desegregation in the US and the passage of the Civil rights Acts of 1964, White Americans expressed diminishing racial prejudice. According to the text author, this best illustrated the impact of |
groupthink on deindividuation |
The participants in Philip Zimbardo's simulated prison study |
were so endangered by their role-playing experience that the study was discontinued |
When no weapons of mass destruction were found following the US invasion of Iraq, some Americans revised their memories of the main rationale for going to war. The text author suggests that we can best explain why people changed their memories in terms of |
cognitive dissonance theory |
The chameleon effect involves |
automatic mimicry |
The text indicates that the clusters of suicides that sometimes follow a highly publicized suicide may be the result of |
suggestibility |
Conformity is best described as |
adjusting one's behavior or thinking toward a group standard |
Solomon Asch asked people to identify which of the 3 comparison lines was identical to a standard line. His research was designed to study |
conformity |
In Milgram's first study of obedience, the majority of "teachers" who were ordered to shock a "learner" |
complied fully and delivered the highest level of shock |
In all of Milgram's obedience experiments, participants were deceived about |
the amount of shock the victim actually received |
Norman Triplett observed that adolescents wound a fishing reel faster in the presence of someone working simultaneously on the same task. This best illustrates |
social facilitation |
The presence of others_____ a person's performance on well learned tasks and _____ improves a person's performance on unmastered tasks. |
improves; hinders |
The tendency for people to exert less effort when they are pooling their efforts toward a common goal is known as |
social loafing |
Individuals who are normally law-abiding may vandalize and loot when they become part of a mob. This change in behavior is best understood in terms of |
deindividuation |
The NASA executive who made the final decision to launch the space shuttle Challenger was shielded from information and dissenting views that might have led to a delay of the tragic launch. This best illustrates the dangers of |
groupthink |
Research indicates that minorities are most influential when they |
unswervingly hold to their own position |
An unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members is called |
prejudice |
People may unconsciously harbor negative racial associations. This best illustrate the subtle nature of |
implicit attitudes |
Hostilities between the Iraqi Sunni and Shia and between Northern Ireland Protestant and Catholic illustrate the irony that sometimes the greatest dislike is expressed between groups that |
are much more alike than different |
A sense of social identity is most likely to promote |
ingroup bias |
Following 9/11, some outraged people lashed out at innocent Arab-Americans. This venting of hostility can best be explained in terms of |
scapegoat theory |
The just-world phenomenon often leads people to |
believe that victims of misfortune deserve to suffer |
Verbal behavior intended to hurt another person is an example of |
aggression |
After Ravi's lost the student election of president of his high school class, he spread false rumors intended to spoil the newly chosen president's reputation. Ravi's behavior is best explained in terms of |
frustration aggression principle |
Bullying younger children earns Diego the attention and respect of many classmates. As a result, his bullying behavior increases. This most clearly suggests that his aggression is a(n) |
learned response |
High rates of violence are most common among those who experience minimal levels of |
father care |
A significant danger of media violence that is impressionable viewers are subsequently more likely to enact the ___ provided by the media |
social scripts |
Compared with their nonplaying counterparts, kids who play a lot of violent video games have been found to |
get into more arguments and fights |
An increased liking for an unfamiliar stimulus following repeated experience with it is known as |
the mere exposure effect |
Research on physical attractiveness indicates that men are more likely than women to |
judge members of the opposite sex as more attractive if they have a youthful appearance |
We are likely to prefer as friends those who are similar to us in |
any of these areas |
Equity and self-disclosure are important to the development of |
companionate love |
Altruism is best described as |
behaving unselfishly to enhance the welfare of others |
The presence of many bystanders at the scene of an emergency increases the likelihood that any individual bystander will |
fail to interpret the incident as an emergency |
Two social norms that influence altruistic behavior are |
reciprocity and social responsibility |
Initially prejudiced heterosexuals are likely to develop more accepting attitudes toward homosexuals following the experience of |
face to face contact |
After their country was ravaged by a series of earthquakes, two bitterly antagonistic political groups set aside their differences and worked cooperatively on effective disaster relief. This cooperation best illustrates the importance of |
superordinate goals |
Two friends quarreled over possession of a single orange without realizing that one of them simply wanted orange juice and the other simply wanted the orange peel to make a cake. This classic episode best illustrates that people sometimes fail to recognize |
win win solutions |