Why does it make sense to view addiction as a mental disorder? |
the symptoms reflect behaviors that involve the pathological need for a substance |
unlike psychoactive substance abuse, psychoactive substance dependence usually involves |
physiological symptoms such as tolerance and withdrawal |
henry used to become intoxicated after 6 drinks. now he needs ten or twelve to get the same effect. this is an example of |
tolerance |
the occurrence of withdrawal symptoms |
signals that the body has adjusted to the presence of the drug |
which of the following is a consequence of organic impairment resultinf from long-term substance use, as opposed to being a consequence of drug toxicity |
alcohol amnestic disorder |
Judd has been drinking heavily for a number of years. When he is not drinking, he experiences profuse sweating and shakes. This indicates that Judd |
has withdrawal symptoms when he abstains from alcohol |
which of the following is a diagnosis found in the DSM-5 |
Alcohol Use Disorder |
Which of the following statements about alcohol problems is accurate? a. The lifetime prevalence for alcoholism in the United States is about 30 percent. |
The average lifespan of an alcoholic is 12 years shorter than the average citizen |
which of the following statements is true about alcohol use? a. Alcoholism is extremely serious but rarely fatal. |
alcoholism increases the risk of suicide |
which mental disorder is most commonly comorbid with alcoholism? |
Depression |
Observed changes in drinking patterns suggest that in the future |
the ratio of male to female problem drinkers will decrease |
of the following who is most likely to be an alcoholic? a. A woman with no criminal history |
a male with a personality disorder |
Alchol’s effects on ____ explain its ability to impair judgement |
glutamate |
At low levels, alcohol’s effect on the brain is ____; at higher levels, alcohol’s effect os _____. |
to activate the brain’s "pleasure centers"; depress brain functioning |
Alcoholic blackouts |
can occur with just moderate drinking |
wat evidence is there that the legal definition of alcohol intoxication (a BAC of 0.08) should be changed? |
Judgement becomes impaired long before this BAC is reached |
The typical course of alcohol-related disorder |
is varied but often progresses from early to late stage disorder |
passing out from high BAC |
may actually be a safety device |
which of the following is a misconception about alcohol? a. A person with a strong will cannot become an alcoholic. |
a person with a strong will cannot become an alcoholic |
Which of the following best explains why women tend to not "hold their booze" as well as men |
Women metabolize alcohol less quickly than men |
Cirrhosis of the liver |
is caused by overworking the liver trying to assimilate large amounts of alcohol |
heavy drinking during pregnancy, especially the early part, often causes |
agressiveness and withdrawal in the child |
malnutriton |
may occur in alcoholics because alcohol interferes with the body’s ability to use nutrients |
bertha has been drinking to excess for many years, she is malnourished because |
alcohol impairs the body’s ability to utilize nutrients |
alcohol amnestic disorder may occur due to |
low thiamine levels |
alcohol withdrawal delirium |
typically lasts 3 to 6 days |
your text describes two commonly recognized psychotic reations to alcohol. they are |
what used to be called delirium tremens and Korsakoff’s psychosis |
Korsakoff’s psychosis is now known as |
alcohol amnestic disorder |
When John stopped drinking after his last week-long binge, he became very ill. he was disoriented, hallucinating, and paranoid. john seems to be experiencing |
alchol withdrawal delirium |
Betty was admitted to the hospital in a state of withdrawal from alchol. She was diagnosed with alchol withdrawal delirium (formerly known as delirium tremens). She most likely showed which of the following behaviors a. Delusions of grandeur and an inability to get to sleep |
disorientation for time and place with vivid hallucinations |
the central feature of alcohol amnestic disorder is |
memory defect for recent events |
concerning the causes of alcoholism, |
there are probably several different patterns of causes associated with several different types of alcohol dependence |
all drugs that people become dependent on |
act on pleasure pathways of the brain |
what is the role of mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathway (MCLP)? |
it is the area of the brain that is activated by drugs and that produces euphoria |
studies of the genetics of alcoholism |
suggest that an inherited altered sensitivity to alcohol might create a vulnerability to alcohol use |
James has two alcoholic parents. research suggests that his risk for alcoholism is |
greater than if he had one alcoholic parent |
men who are at high risk for becoming alcoholics |
experience greater lessening of feelings of stress after alcohol consumption than nonalcoholic men |
Which of the following men has an alcohol-risk personality? |
Sean |
rates of alcoholism among asian populations are ____ than among european peoples. this may be related to |
lower; a mutant enzyme that leads to hypersensitive reactions to alcohol |
the alcohol flush reaction |
results in the inability to metabolize alcohol |
one limitation on the findings of genetic influences on alcoholism is that |
there have not been enough studies on the majority of children of alcoholics (those who do not become alcoholics) |
which of the following is a common personality characteristic of those who later abuse alcohol? |
strong need for praise and admiration |
which parenting skill or parental behavior is most associated with adolescent substance abuse |
lack of monitoring the adolescent’s activities |
persons at high risk for developing alcohol-related problems tend to be more ____ than those at low risk |
impulsive |
which statement about alcohol abuse disorders and other psychological disorders is accurate |
the personality disorder most often associated with alcohol abuse is antisocial personality disorder |
the individual with which of the following diagnoses is most likely to also abuse alcohol |
Antisocial personality disorder |
Rosa comes to you for treatment of her alcohol abuse. you suspect that she might have some other disorder as well. why is it important for you to evaluate her status? |
the co-occurrence of another mental disorder has a very significant effect on treatment outcome |
According to the tension-reduction explanation for alcoholism |
all those who experience stress-reduction following alcohol consumption are at an increased risk for alcoholism |
the tension-reduction model of alcoholism |
does not explain why some excessive drinkers are able to maintain control over their drinking while others are not |
the reciprocal influence model of alcohol use suggests that |
expectancies of social benefit can influence adolescents to begin or to continue drinking |
the reciprocal influence model is best described as a ____ explanation for teen drinking |
cognitive |
the reciprocal influence model suggests that |
it may be possible to interrupt the cycle by changing expectancies about drinking |
problematic drinking behavior commonly develops during |
crisis periods in a marriage or other intimate personal relationship |
a moderating variable is |
something that influences the connection between two other variables |
an example of a moderating influence would be |
the effect of time on outcome expectancy about alcohol |
bill is an alcoholic. his wife, marge, has a lot of ready excuses she uses to explain to his boss, their friends, and their children to explain his frequent absences. this is an example of |
why treatment needs to include identifying factors that may encourage drinking |
binge drinking in college |
can lead to alcohol-related health and life problems |
the incidence of alcoholism among Muslims and Mormons is low because |
these religions prohibit alcohol consumption |
which of the following countries has the highest per capita rate of alcohol consumption |
France |
into treatment? |
overcoming denial |
why might opiate antagonists be used in the treatment for alcoholism |
to minimize cravings |
what complicates the use of antabuse in the treatment of alcoholism? |
exposure to all alcohol must be avoided |
Randy has been dependent on alcohol for at least ten years. Drinking has ruined his marriage, his occupational standing, and his health. If a friend told Randy that he needed to enter treatment, and Randy responded the way most alcohol dependent people do, he would probably say |
"Who do you think you are attacking me? You are the one with the problem" |
Adam and Beth are both being treated for alcohol dependence by being given medications. Adam’s medication makes him vomit if he drinks after taking it. Beth’s medication reduces her craving for alcohol. Most likely Adam is taking ________; Beth is taking ________. |
antabuse;naltrexone |
the first stage in the treatment of any form of substance dependence is |
treating physical withdrawal symptoms |
aversive conditioning for alcoholics |
involves pairing alcohol with something unpleasant like electric shock |
controlled drinking – teaching alcoholics to drink in moderation |
is incorporated in Brief Motivational Intervention |
"I am a person who has an affliction-I cannot drink like social drinkers. Spiritual change may help me in recovering from my addiction, but I will be an alcoholic for life." The person who said this would feel most comfortable in ________. |
Alcoholics Anonymous |
in contrast to some other treatment programs, AA |
offers both group and one on one support |
Which statement about project MATCH is accurate |
it showed that matching a client’s personality to a form of treatment makes no difference |
which type of treatment for alcoholism has been found to be most effective |
inpatient, outpatient, and 12-step were all about equal |
abstinence violation effect |
the tendency of an abstainer to relapse completely after a minor transgression |
what type of treatment focuses primarily on clients learning to recognize situations that are likely to trigger drinking |
relapse prevention treatment |
which of the following is a narcotic? a. alcohol |
Codeine |
who has the highest self-reported quit rate among smokers |
people who were hospitalized for cancer or lung problems |
why are estimates of the prevalence of drug dependence likely to be inaccurate? |
many people do not seek help |
which of the following is both a stimulant and a hallucinogen? |
Ecstasy |
which of the following drugs is MDMA structurally similar to? |
Methamphetamine and mescaline |
Drug abuse and dependence are most common in what age group and in what type of community |
Adolescence and young adulthood; college communities |
Opium and heroin |
were originally used by physicians as pain relievers |
in 2005, which of the following accounted for 10% of all drug-related emergency room admissions |
Heroin |
Opium and its derivatives |
cause withdrawal symptoms within approx. 8 hours of the last dose |
which of the following makes treatment of dependence on heroin especially challenging |
the likely involvement of the user in a drug-using subculture |
The main reason addicts gave for using heroin was |
pleasure |
endorphins |
are opium-like substances produced by the body |
the use of methadone in the treatment of heroin dependence is comparable to |
using a nicotine patch to aid in smoking cessation |
Tina has been using cocaine for many months. She decides to stop. She can expect |
to have depression, fatigue, distrubed sleep, and increased dreaming |
"Crack" is a form of |
cocaine |
crack cocaine users |
chronic users develop sexual dysfunctions and disinterest in sex |
children of mothers who use crack are |
at risk for being mistreated by their mothers |
benzedrine is |
an amphetamine |
today physicians occasionally prescribe amphetamines for the treatment of |
narcolepsy |
amphetamine psychosis resembles |
paranoid schizophrenia |
which of the following has legitimate medical uses but is associated with both physiological and psychological dependence and lethal overdose |
Barbiturates |
which of the following is most likely to be used to produce sleep |
Barbiturates |
Impaired memory and concentration, sluggishness, lack of motor coordination, and brain damage are side effects associated with excessive use of |
sedatives |
which of the following people is most likely to be dependent on barbiturates |
middle-aged and older persons who cannot get sleep without them |
barbiturate withdrawal |
is more dangerous and long-lasting than most drugs and can be minimized by administering another drug |
the drug that can create a stat most like psychosis |
LSD |
an involuntary reoccurrence of perceptual distortions can occur weeks or months after taking a particular drug. The phenomenon is called ______; the drug is called _____. |
flashback;LSD |
Brendan has been using marijuana daily for more than six years. If he stops using the drug, we may expect |
withdrawal-like symptoms such as nervousness and changes in sleeping and eating. |
"Spice", "K2" and "Blaze" are all names for: |
synthetic marijuanna |
Substance abuse usually involves an excessive use of a substance, while __________ usually involves a marked physiological need for the substance. |
Substance dependence |
PSYC334 Chapter 11
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