When children are told that certain classmates have learning disabilities, they may behave in ways that inhibit the success of those students in the classroom. This best illustrates the dangers of |
self- fulfilling prophecies |
According to the social-cognitive perspective, women are more vulnerable to depression than men because they are more likely to |
d |
Internal, stable, and global explanations of one’s own failures are indicative of |
pessimism |
Of those who commit suicide, about ________ have tried to kill themselves before and ________ discussed suicide beforehand. |
1/3, most |
Cecil is preoccupied with thoughts of jumping out the window of his tenth-floor apartment. To reduce his anxiety, he frequently counts his heartbeats aloud. Cecil would most likely be diagnosed as experiencing |
OCD |
Among women, the stresses and demoralization of poverty are especially likely to precipitate |
depression |
Fears can be blunted by giving people ________ as they recall a traumatic experience. |
b |
Women are at greater risk of depression than men partially because women are more likely to ________ in response to stressful circumstances. |
overthink |
Anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult is indicative of |
agoraphobia |
Clinicians diagnose the presence of a personality disorder using ________ of the DSM-IV-TR. |
axis II |
The heritability of bipolar disorder has been estimated to be ________ than the heritability of major depressive disorder and ________ than the heritability of generalized anxiety disorder. |
greater, greater |
The incidence of OCD is greatest among A. middle-aged adults. |
C |
Obsessive thoughts typically ________ anxiety and compulsive behaviors typically ________ anxiety. |
inc, dec |
Compulsive hand washing often increases in frequency because it relieves feelings of anxiety. This best illustrates the impact of ________ on compulsive behaviors. |
reinforcement |
To break the vicious cycle of depression, the social-cognitive perspective suggests that people should be encouraged to explain their failures in terms that are both |
external and temporary |
Sadie is so fearful of being overwhelmed by anxiety that she rarely steps outside her apartment. The thought of going shopping and getting lost in a crowd terrifies her, so she has her groceries delivered. Because of her fear, she earns her living as a freelance writer, working at home. Sadie’s behavior is most characteristic of |
agoraphobia |
Rates of non-suicidal self-injury in the United States are highest among |
adolescent females |
Gender differences in depression are least noticeable among |
preadolescent children |
Research regarding depression indicates that A. depression is typically unrelated to stressful life events. |
B with each new generation, depression is increasing in its prevalence |
A traumatic experience may trigger a lasting phobia in a child with a sensitive, high-strung temperament. The same experience, however, may have no long-term impact on a child with a more relaxed temperament. This best illustrates the role of ________ in the development of phobias. A. explanatory style |
C. genetic predispositions |
psychological disorder |
patterns of thoughts, feelings or actions that are deviant (outside cultural/contextual norms), distressful (impacts social, academic, occupational functioning), and dysfunctional (harmful) |
generalized anxiety disorder |
persistent, uncontrollable tenseness & apprehension (inability to identify/avoid cause of certain feelings) (very sensitive autonomic system) |
panic disorder |
minutes-long episodes of intense dread which may include feelings of terror, chest pains, choking, and other frightening sensations |
phobia |
marked by persistent/irrational fear of an object/situation that disrupts behavior |
agoraphbia |
fear/avoidance of situation in which escape might be difficult or help unavailable when panic strikes |
OCD |
persistence of unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and urges to engage in senseless rituals(compulsions) that cause distress |
PTSD |
4 or more weeks of following symptoms: haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, sleep problems |
fear conditioning |
neutral stimuli paired with aversive stimuli |
Deep-brain stimulation has been reported to provide relief from |
depression |
Edith, a 45-year-old journalist, alternates between extreme sadness and lethargy and extreme euphoria and overactivity. The drug most likely to prove beneficial to her is |
lithium |
Chlorpromazine is an antipsychotic drug that reduces paranoia and hallucinations by |
c |
Systematic desensitization is a form of ________, which is a type of ________. |
a |
An important component of psychoanalysis is |
dream analysis |
Psychodynamic therapy has been found to be especially successful in the treatment of |
depression |
Systematic desensitization involves |
a |
A token economy is to operant conditioning as ________ is to classical conditioning. |
d |
The therapeutic alliance refers to |
b |
There is little or no scientific support for the therapeutic effectiveness of |
c |
Therapist Jonathan Shedler helped a patient to become aware of his adversarial stance in his relationships and to recognize that this adversarial stance had roots in the attacks he once experienced from his alcohol-dependent father. The therapist’s efforts best illustrate |
d |
Rational-emotive behavior therapies are most likely to |
vigorously challenge clients’ self-defeating ways of thinking. |
Tardive dyskinesia is often associated with long-term use of drugs that occupy certain ________ receptor sites. |
dopamine |
Stress inoculation training focuses on helping people to |
d |
Xanax and Ativan are ________ drugs. |
antianxiety |
Compared with placebos, antidepressant drugs provide ________ benefits to patients with severe symptoms of depression and ________ benefits to patients with mild symptoms of depression. |
c |
Adelle’s feelings of unhappiness, low self-esteem, and hopelessness have become so extreme that she has attempted suicide. Which of the following treatments is likely to provide her with the quickest relief from her misery? Answers: |
d |
psychoanalysis |
FREUD patients free associations, dreams, resistances, transferences, and therapists interpretation of them would draw out repressed feelings |
rational-emotive behavior therapy |
vigorously challenges people illogical, self defeating attitudes and assumptions |
antipsychotic drugs |
dampened responsiveness to irrelevant stimuli |
antidepressant drugs |
lift people from depression and some anxiety- alter availability of various neurotransmitters |
antianxiety drugs |
depress central n.s. activity |
Dr. Byrne is a clinical psychologist who often uses operant conditioning techniques to treat her clients. She also encourages them to modify their thought patterns, and on occasion she interprets their transference behaviors. Dr. Byrne’s therapeutic approach would best be described as A. psychoanalytic. |
eclectic |
Dr. Miller prescribes drugs for the treatment of chronic depression, and she encourages rest and relaxation training for clients suffering from excessive anxiety. It is most likely that Dr. Miller is a |
psychiatrist |
Psychological research on the principles of learning has most directly influenced the development of A. cognitive therapy. |
D. behavior therapy |
Luke suffers from acrophobia, a fear of high places. Luke’s therapist suggests that his reaction to heights is a generalization of the fear triggered by a childhood playground accident in which he fell off a jungle gym. The therapist’s suggestion reflects a ________ perspective. Answers: |
learning |
Psychological disorders that researchers believe are learned, such as phobias, are most likely to be treated with |
c psychotherapy |
DSM-IV-TR focuses on clinicians’ reports of observable behavior in order to A. facilitate the reliability of diagnoses. |
A. facilitate the reliability of diagnoses |
Transference refers to a client’s |
expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier life relationships. |
Who developed the surgical procedure known as lobotomy? A. Sigmund Freud |
Moniz |
Most self-help and support groups focus on ______ illnesses. A. terminal |
stigmatized |
Which form of therapy has been criticized for offering interpretations that cannot be proven or disproven? A. psychoanalysis |
psychoanalysis |
Jonathan is afraid to ask a girl for a date, so his therapist instructs him to relax and simply imagine he is reaching for his cell phone and then calling a potential date. The therapist’s technique best illustrates the process of A. free association. |
systematic desensitization |
Psyc Unit 4 Cards
Share This
Unfinished tasks keep piling up?
Let us complete them for you. Quickly and professionally.
Check Price