Why did the FDA take Coca Cola to court in 1911? |
Because one of Coke’s ingredients was caffeine |
Who was hired by Coca Cola to perform research in their 1911 court case? |
Harry Hollingworth |
The main reason Wundt’s and Titchener’s systems did not survive in the United States was that they ____. |
were not pragmatic |
According to Cattell, by 1895 psychology was ____. |
a required subject for an undergraduate degree |
In 1900, the American public’s response to the new science of psychology was ____. |
to embrace it |
At the end of the 19th century, the field of ____ demanded the application of psychological principles to practical problems with rise in private school education. |
education |
What persuaded psychologists to apply their expertise to problems in education? |
An increase in public school enrollment |
Cattell’s work was novel in its focus on ____. |
human abilities |
Cattell’s interest in psychology was provoked by ____. |
his own use of drugs |
Cattell wrote that he found himself "making brilliant discoveries in science and philosophy" when ____. |
using drugs |
Cattell’s Ph.D. was earned with ____. |
Wundt at Leipzig` |
Cattell’s interest in mental tests probably was aroused most by ____. |
his meeting with Galton while at Cambridge |
Which of the following methods did Cattell develop? |
the order-of-merit ranking method |
Galton’s influence on Cattell led to ____. |
the study of large groups rather than single subjects |
Which of the following techniques became more widely applied in American psychology than in England? |
correlation coefficient and chi-square test |
Cattell was a strong proponent of ____. |
eugenics |
Who argued for the sterilization of mental defectives and delinquents and cash incentives for the best and the brightest to marry and have children? |
Cattell |
Which early psychologist "rescued" the journal Science? |
Cattell |
Unlike Titchener, Cattell believed graduate students should ____. |
study whatever they liked |
The original purpose for the founding of The Psychological Corporation was to ____. |
deliver applied psychological services |
The results of Cattell’s research on mental tests with students at Columbia University indicated that his measures ____. |
None of the choices are correct |
The largest "family" of second-generation psychologists was fostered by ____. |
Cattell |
The first effective tests of mental faculties were developed by ____. |
Binet |
Binet and Simon’s test differed from those of Galton and Cattell in its ____. |
emphasis on the relationship of higher cognitive processes to intelligence |
Binet based his conclusion about appropriate measure of intelligence based on research conducted with ____. |
his daughters |
If a 10-year-old can perform the same tasks as the average 15-year-old, then the child’s ____ is 15 and ____ is 150. |
mental age; IQ score |
Who translated and introduced the Binet intelligence test to American psychologists? |
Goddard |
Who revised the Binet intelligence test into what is known as the Stanford-Binet test? |
Terman |
The construct called "IQ" was developed by ____. |
Stern |
The fundamental difference between the Binet tests and the army Alpha and Beta tests was that ____. |
Binet’s tests were individually administered; the army tests were for groups |
The results of testing by the Yerkes research group ____. |
had no impact on recruitment and selection or the war effort as a whole |
Woodworth’s Personal Data Sheet was designed to ____. |
separate the neurotic from the average recruit |
The effect of World War I on the evolution of psychological testing was to ____. |
establish a hospitable environment for such endeavors |
One consequence of the adoption of the Stanford-Binet test in the United States is that ____. |
public education has revolved around the IQ construct ever since |
Unlike ____, who used sensorimotor tests, ____ assessed cognitive functions to measure intelligence |
Galton and Cattell; Binet |
The intelligence test, first developed by ____, is the basis for those still used today |
Binet |
The purpose of adopting metaphors from medical and engineering terminology was to ____. |
liken psychology to the established sciences |
____ used the Binet test at Ellis Island to restrict the entry of immigrants to the United States |
Goddard |
According to the intelligence testing of U.S. army recruits, which group scored higher on average? |
White Americans |
With regard to racial differences in IQs, the work of African American ____ demonstrated the strong effects of environment |
Bond |
With regard to racial differences in IQs, the work of ____ revealed that southern Whites test as less intelligent than northern Blacks. |
Bond |
Who developed the Draw-A-Man Test, a widely used nonverbal intelligence test for children? |
Goodenough |
Who extended the age range of the Stanford-Binet downward? |
Psyche Cattell |
The assessment and treatment of abnormal behavior in children was established in American psychology by ____. |
Witmer |
Witmer’s "clinical psychology" is today known as ____. |
school psychology |
Cattell agreed to employ Witmer at the University of Pennsylvania if he would ____. |
earn his Ph.D. with Wundt at Leipzig |
Witmer’s methods of assessment and diagnosis ____. |
were constructed as he needed them |
To whom did Witmer turn for his diagnostic and treatment approaches? |
Himself |
Behavioral and cognitive disorders would be attributed most heavily to ____ by Witmer |
Environmental factors |
The team approach to the assessment and treatment of mental disorders was introduced by ____. |
Witmer |
Who wrote Psychotherapy? |
Munsterberg |
The first techniques of psychological therapy to be used in America were developed by ____. |
Witmer |
The two most profound influences on the growth of clinical psychology as a specialty were ____. |
World War II and the VA hospital system |
The first to apply psychology to personnel selection was ____. |
Scott |
The first Ph.D. recipient to apply psychological principles to advertising was ____. |
Scott |
Who wrote The Theory and Practice of Advertising, the first book on the psychology of advertising? |
Scott |
Scott argued that the most effective advertisement consisted of ____ |
a multiple-media approach |
Scott argued that consumers ____. |
are not rational beings |
Scott’s hypothesis that consumers will do what they are told is called the ____. |
law of suggestibility |
The technique of telling consumers to "Use Brand X!" is traceable to ____ law of ____. |
Scott’s; Suggestibility |
Organizational Psychology was initiated with |
Walter Scott’s work |
The first person to earn a PhD in industrial/organizational psychology was ____. |
Lillian Gilbreth |
Münsterberg was best known ____. |
through his publications in the popular press on applied psychology |
Forensic psychology was established with the work of ____. |
Munsterberg |
Which American psychologist is noteworthy for writing in industrial/organizational psychology, psychotherapy, and forensic psychology? |
Munsterberg |
The use of physiological responses to assess a person’s truthfulness was proposed by ____. |
Munsterberg |
Who said, "There is no subconscious?" |
Munsterberg |
Whose therapeutic technique might be described as "therapist-centered?" |
Munsterberg’s |
In 1919 the APA, controlled by academic psychologists, did which of the following? |
changed membership requirements to increase the number of applied psychologists |
American psychology was influenced more by the works of Wundt and Titchener than by the work of Darwin and Galton. |
F |
The first major alternative market for PhDs in psychology was the field of education. |
T |
Galton’s most important influence on Cattell was on reaction time studies. |
F |
Unlike Galton’s eugenics, Cattell’s position on that subject was that data on individual differences should be used to develop programs to teach people to adapt more successfully to their environments. |
F |
Cattell learned about and gained his interest in statistical analysis from Wundt’s analysis techniques |
F |
Anticipating Binet’s work on intelligence testing, Cattell replaced Galton’s sensorimotor measures of human abilities with assessments of cognitive abilities. |
F |
Cattell’s mental tests, like those of Galton, dealt primarily with sensorimotor measures |
T |
During his years at Columbia, Münsterberg trained more graduate students in psychology than anyone else in the United States. |
F |
The first Binet-Simon test focused on learning, thinking, and memory. |
F |
Binet’s test was introduced to the United States by Terman. |
F |
The concept of the IQ was developed by Stern |
T |
The army Alpha and army Beta tests were essential in separating the literate recruits from the illiterate in World War I. |
F |
Attempts by psychologists during World War I to develop group tests of personality characteristics were a dismal and embarrassing failure. |
F |
The testing movement even spread to ways to identify potential baseball players. |
T |
The psychologist responsible for using mental tests to assess whether immigrants were mentally defective was Goddard. |
T |
The intelligence test data from World War I recruits indicated that whites scored higher than all other groups. |
T |
H. M. Bond was perhaps the most vocal in arguing that White versus non-White differences in IQ scores reflect nature, not nurture. |
F |
It is the prevailing and undisputed opinion that intelligence tests are culturally biased. |
F |
Witmer was the father of clinical psychology and school psychology |
T |
Witmer’s Ph.D. training with Wundt was a key part of his knowledge base in clinical psychology |
F |
A significant finding by Witmer was that behavior disorders and cognitive deficits are substantially influenced by a child’s environment. |
T |
Clinical psychologists’ initial psychological methods of therapy were those developed by Freud. |
T |
The first person to apply psychology to advertising was Watson. |
F |
Scott wrote that the sense organs are the "windows of the soul." |
T |
Scott developed the "direct commands" approach to advertising |
T |
The law of suggestibility argues that advertisers must sway consumers’ cognitions and not underestimate their reasoning abilities. |
F |
Scott’s approach to personnel selection was to assess the traits of those successful in an occupation, rather than to define necessary traits ahead of time. |
T |
Scott’s approach to the assessment of intelligence was novel in that he examined how people use their cognitive abilities rather than only how much of a particular ability they have. |
T |
The Hawthorne studies were crucial in exposing the importance of the conditions of the psychological work environment. |
T |
The first doctoral-level I/O psychologist was Lillian Gilbreth. |
T |
Münsterberg stated that women should not serve on juries because they are too irrational. |
T |
Münsterberg made direct suggestions to his patients about how he believed they could be cured |
T |
Psyc 319 8
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