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According to Piaget, ___________ represents the beginning of the child’s language development and symbolic thought. A) object permanence |
A. Object permanence |
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According to research conducted by Ridley (1999), how could individuals like Adolph Hitler, serial killer Ted Bundy, and unibomber Timothy McVeigh commit such acts according to the "nature versus nurture" debate? A) These individuals learned to commit these behaviors after staying in long periods of isolation according to |
D. Their behaviors are the result of the interaction of nature and nurture |
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Emily and her husband are thrilled as they peer into Emily’s uterus by means of an ultrasound. The physician reports that the pregnancy appears normal, and that their baby’s fingers, toes, heart, and circulatory system are developing as expected. The couple learns that the baby is one inch long. Given this information, the current stage of prenatal development is the_________. A) fetal stage |
C. Embryonic period |
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Which of Erik Erikson’s psychosocial crises revolves around the child’s learning to direct his or her own behavior? A) trust versus mistrust |
C. Autonomy versus shame and doubt |
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____________babies in Ainsworth’s study were clinging and unwilling to explore, very upset by the stranger regardless of the mother’s presence, protested mightily when the mother left, were hard to soothe, and had mixed reactions upon mother’s return. A) Ambivalent |
A. Ambivalent |
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Ashley and Mary-Kate are twins who are genetically identical. What type of twins are they? A) fraternal twins |
B. Monozygotic twins |
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Which of the following is a disadvantage of the longitudinal design? A) It is relatively inexpensive. |
C. Participants may drop out due to moving, loss of interest, or death. |
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Countries like the Netherlands, Germany, Italy, and England are more likely to have ______________. A) very constrained roles for women in society |
B. Nontraditional views of gender |
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Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of temperament described by Thomas and Chess? A) slow-to-warm-up |
B. Active |
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In ________ syndrome, the 21st pair of chromosomes contains an extra chromosome resulting in symptoms such as wide-set almond-shaped eyes and mental retardation. A) PKU |
D. Down |
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Puberty is defined as _________. A) the physical changes that occur in the body as sexual development reaches its peak |
A. The physical changes that occur in the body as sexual development reaches its peak |
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In _________ syndrome the 23rd pair of chromosomes is missing an X, resulting in short, infertile females. |
C. Turner’s |
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In a __________design, one group of participants is followed and assessed as the group ages. A) behavior genetics |
D. Longitudinal |
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A baby’s language that consists of repetition of consonant-vowel combinations is called ______. A) telegraphic speech |
D. Babbling |
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In Erikson’s __________stage of psychosocial development, preschoolers are challenged to control their own behavior. A) autonomy versus shame and doubt |
C. Initiative versus guilt |
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Which of the following describes the way in which monozygotic twins occur? A) The mother’s body releases multiple eggs, two or more of which are fertilized. |
D. The egg is fertilized by a single sperm and then splits completely into two separate zygotes |
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The type of research design which compares various participants at several points in time (no longer than 6 years apart) to examine age-related differences and changes is called a ____________________. A) longitudinal design |
C. Cross-sequential design |
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________refers to heredity and __________ refers to environmental influences. A) Nature; nurture |
A. Nature; nurture |
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The gradual decline in the sexual reproductive system of males is called____________. A) change of life |
B. Andropause |
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Unlike other types of research, a cross-sequential design allows researchers to_________. A) look for gender differences |
B. Combine longitudinal and cross-sectional research strategies |
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Which of the following is defined as a gene that controls the appearance of a certain trait? A) dominant |
A. Dominant |
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Which of the following statements concerning vaccinations is TRUE? A) The side effects of vaccines are more harmful than the effects of the diseases they prevent. |
B. Vaccines are one of the most effective ways to prevent the transmission of the diseases they treat. |
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What are some of the common consequences to a child whose mother smoked while pregnant? A) severe hearing loss and heart defects |
C. Lower birth weight and short stature |
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The _______theory of aging suggests that unstable oxygen molecules cause damage to the structure of cells, increasing with age. A) cellular clock theory |
B. Free radical theory |
|
Hector is 70 years old and has just retired from a career as a lawyer. He is now spending time looking back on his life and is recognizing, as well as coming to terms with, mistakes, regrets, and unfinished business. Hector is engaging in a process called___________. A) life review |
A. Life review |
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Several weeks of diagnostic tests have revealed that cancer has spread throughout Barry’s body. His physician suggested that he "take care of important matters." Barry realizes his family’s home needs repairs, so he arranges to have that done right away. To relieve his family of the agony of planning his funeral, he has made all the arrangements. Barry tells his minister he has had a good life and just wants to make sure he provides for his family after his death. This description fits the stage Kübler-Ross called_________. A) bargaining |
D. Acceptance |
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Mary is an adolescent who currently has a small pimple on her cheek that is causing her to be overly self-conscious. She is convinced that everyone she meets stares at and talks about her pimple. Mary’s behavior exhibits____________. A) a sense of idealism |
B. Imaginary audience |
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Abby and Brittany Hensel ________. A) share a stomach |
C. Share one body from the waist down |
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Like any 4-month-old, Amy depends on her parents to feed her and to change her diapers. When Amy cries, her devoted parents quickly respond to her needs. According to Erikson, Amy is developing a sense of ___________. A) autonomy |
C. Trust |
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All of the following are reasons that middle-aged adults experience changes in memory EXCEPT _______. A) stress |
B. Hardening of the arteries |
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Conjoined twins are _________. A) monozygotic twins |
A. Monozygotic twins |
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Your little sister picks up objects, feels every part of them, and then puts them in her mouth. What stage of Jean Piaget’s model of cognitive development does this behavior suggest she is in? A) concrete operations |
B. Sensorimotor |
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Whereas Piaget saw cognitive development as a result of individual discovery and a child’s interaction with objects, Vygotsky attributed cognitive development to________. A) biological changes in the brain |
B. Interaction between a child and skilled people |
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Which of the following is a main disadvantage of the cross-sectional design? A) Participants may drop out due to moving, loss of interest, or death. |
D. Individuals of different ages are being compared to one another |
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A special molecule, __________, contains the genetic material of the organism. A) an amine |
D. DNA |
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Young infants cannot appreciate the carnival game in which a pea seems to disappear from under a walnut because they have not yet developed a sense of ______. A) egocentrism |
B. Object permanence |
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The average age of menopause is__________. A) 43 |
C. 51 |
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The placenta is ________________. A) the tube through which a developing baby receives nourishment |
B. A specialized organ that provides nourishment and filters away waste products from the developing baby |
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Jean Piaget is noted for his theory of ______. A) cognitive development |
A. Cognitive development |
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Erikson saw the major challenge of young adulthood as that of ______. A) generativity versus stagnation |
C. Intimacy versus isolation |
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Piaget’s term for the knowledge that an object exists even when it is out of sight is ______. A) object permanence |
A. Object permanence |
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Which of the following is the correct order of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development? A) concrete operations; sensorimotor; preoperational; formal operations |
B. Sensorimotor; preoperational; concrete operations; formal operations |
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Brad is 18 and is looking into career options. He is currently deciding whether he wants to become a gourmet chef or a race car driver. Brad is at what stage of Erik Erikson’s psychosocial development? A) generativity versus stagnation |
D. Identity versus role confusion |
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Which of the following is the MOST common cause of death in middle adulthood? A) homicide |
B. Heart disease |
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Which of Jean Piaget’s stages of cognitive development is characterized by abstract thinking and the creation of theories? A) sensorimotor |
B. Formal operational |
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Mr. Beluga has just been told that he has a rare form of cancer. He insists that there has been a mistake and asks his physician to retake his medical tests. According to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, Mr. Beluga is most likely in the _________stage of dying. A) anger |
B. Denial |
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A gene that actively controls the expression of a trait is called a ______ gene. A) recessive |
C. Dominant |
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Silvia has blond hair, even though her mother and father each have brown hair. What do we know about Silvia’s parents? A) Neither of her parents has a gene for blond hair. |
D. Each of her parents must have one recessive gene for blond hair color |
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Studies of genetically male children who were surgically altered to appear as females found that ____________. A) they preferred to play with feminine toys such as dolls |
D. They preferred male play activities |
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At what stage of moral development is moral thought guided by principles that have been decided upon by the individual and may be in disagreement with accepted social norms? A) postconventional |
A. Postconventional |
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When faced with a conflict between law and conscience, Liz follows her conscience despite the personal risk. This would be characteristic of__________. A) preconventional morality |
C. Postconventional morality |
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According to Thomas and Chess, a child that is very irregular in sleeping and eating, resists change, and tends to be loud is labeled a(n)_____________ child. A) easy |
D. Difficult |
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Vision is not very well developed at birth. As a result, which statement is NOT true about vision at birth? A) Newborns prefer to look at 3 dimensional objects versus 2 dimensional. |
C. Newborns have a clear vision field of 12-14 inches at birth |
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Shelby is very adaptable to change. She is on a regular sleeping, eating, and waking schedule. Thomas and Chess would describe Shelby as being a(n) _________child. A) difficult |
D. Easy |
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Research on the stability of temperament indicates that it is _______________. A) unstable and subject to wide variations over the course of a lifetime |
D. Relatively stable well into adulthood |
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Which sense is the LEAST functional at birth? A) taste |
D. Vision |
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Sarah is in her forties. Her menstrual cycle is irregular and she is experiencing "hot flashes" that are keeping her awake at night. The changes Sarah is experiencing are called _____________. A) menopause |
B. The climacteric |
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According to Piaget, the ability to understand that simply changing the appearance of an object does not change the object’s nature is known as ___________. A) conservation |
A. Conservation |
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Gender schema theory is based on _______________. A) biological inheritance theory |
B. Piaget’s theory of development |
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Which of the following is NOT evidence of puberty in boys? A) the appearance of pubic hair |
C. Higher pitch of the voice |
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By about 12 months, most infants ____________________. A) begin to use intonation in their language |
C. Build a vocabulary of one-word phrases |
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Sue sees her mother knitting a sweater. Later, Sue takes out a ball of yarn and some knitting needles from her mother’s supplies and tries to do the same. This is a good example of the ____________ theory of A) psychoanalytic theory |
D. Social learning theory |
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Tameeka is at a point in her pregnancy during which the major organs and structures of her baby are first developing. Which period of prenatal development is Tameeka currently experiencing? A) fetal |
C. Embryonic |
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Brad is in an electronics store with his parents. He looks at the CDs and thinks for a moment that he could grab one and put it beneath his coat. As he considers this possibility, he decides not to do it because he might get caught and his parents would punish him. What stage of moral development does Brad’s decision represent? A) autonomous moral principles |
D. Preconventional |
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Which of the following describes the embryonic period? A) the period during which tremendous growth occurs and the organs continue to develop and become |
C. The period during which the major organs and structures of the organism first develop |
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Which of the following abilities decline during adulthood? A) verbal ability |
D. Speed of processing |
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Which of these physical skills typically develops LAST? A) standing alone |
C. Walking |
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What term is used to describe a child’s inability to see the world through anyone else’s eyes except his or her own? A) disparity |
C. Egocentrism |
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In the process of fertilization the ________ and _________ unite, resulting in a single cell. A) zygote; sperm |
B. Sperm; ovum |
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Which term has the most negative connotation in our culture? A) tomboy |
D. Sissy |
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Rod-shaped structures in the cell nucleus that contain genes are referred to as____________. A) DNA |
B. Chromosomes |
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A researcher who selects a sample of people of varying ages and studies them at one point in time is, by definition, using the ______ method. A) longitudinal design |
C. Cross-sectional design |
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Sheila was born a female with only one X chromosome on the 23rd pair. As a result she is infertile, has difficulty learning, and did not develop breast tissue and rounded hips as her female peers did. Which disorder is likely to be diagnosed? A) Klinefelter’s |
B. Turner’s |
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Erik Erikson saw the major challenge of middle adulthood as that of ______. A) generativity versus stagnation |
A. Generativity versus stagnation |
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Professor Grant is interested in studying the development of a sense of humor. She collects data from groups of 6-year-olds, 16-year-olds, 26-year-olds, and 46-year-olds. What type of research design is Professor Grant using? A) longitudinal design |
C. Cross-sectional design |
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According to Erikson, an emotional and psychological closeness that is based on the ability to trust, share, and care, while still maintaining one’s sense of self, is called________ A) bonding |
D. Intimacy |
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_______________develop when two eggs each get fertilized by two different sperm, resulting in two zygotes in the uterus at the same time. A) Dizygotic twins |
A. Dizygotic twins |
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Infants typically begin to make vowel-like sounds at around the age of ________. A) 6 months |
D. 2 months |
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According to Erikson, if a middle-aged person is unable to focus outward and is still dealing with issues of intimacy or even identity, that person is experiencing __________. A) generativity |
D. Stagnation |
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According to Piaget, ___________ represents the beginning of the child’s language development and symbolic thought. A) object permanence |
A. Object permanence |
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At what point during infancy can babies tell the difference between their own mother’s milk scent and another woman’s milk scent? A) within a few days after birth |
A. Within a few days after birth |
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At birth, newborns seem most responsive to________. A) moderate voice pitches |
C. High pitches and low pitches |
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According to Vygotsky, which of these is a key factor in a child’s cognitive development? A) successful resolution of psychosocial crises |
C. Social interactions |
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Marisa is at a point in her pregnancy when the zygote is moving down her uterus, and the placenta and umbilical cord are beginning to form. Which period of prenatal development is Marisa currently experiencing? A) fetal |
D. Germinal |
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The growth spurt for boys typically begins at age______. A) 15 |
B. 12 |
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Older adults who look back on their lives with regrets, wishing they could relive their lives, have not successfully resolved Erikson’s psychosocial crisis of______________. A) identity versus identity confusion |
D. Integrity versus dispair |
|
Emily and her husband are thrilled as they peer into Emily’s uterus by means of an ultrasound. The physician reports that the pregnancy appears normal, and that their baby’s fingers, toes, heart, and circulatory system are developing as expected. The couple learns that the baby is one inch long. Given this information, the current stage of prenatal development is the_________. A) zygotic period |
B. Embryonic period |
|
A(n) ______________________ is a section of DNA containing a sequence of amines. A) gene |
A. Gene |
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A gene that only influences the expression of a trait when paired with an identical gene is called___________. A) recombinant |
C. Recessive |
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What is the cause of Down syndrome? A) an extra X chromosome on the 23rd pair |
C. An extra chromosome on the 21st pair |
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Which of the following terms is used to describe any substance, such as a drug, chemical, or virus that can bring about a birth defect? A) critical period |
B. Teratogen |
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Which of the following is a limitation on the cognitive life of children in Piaget’s preoperational stage? B) object permanence |
C. Centration |
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The prenatal period during which tremendous growth occurs and the organs continue to develop and become functional is called the _______________ period. A) germinal |
D. Fetal |
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Leticia has just learned that she is terminally ill. She is now always irritable, often throws things on the floor, and yells at members of her family and the nurses who care for her. According to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, Leticia is most likely in the _________stage of dying. A) denial |
B. Anger |
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Professor Sanchez is interested in studying development of motor skills. She collects data from 200 one-year-olds and follows and assesses them for a period of five years. What type of research design is Professor Sanchez using? A) longitudinal design |
A. Longitudinal design |
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The growth spurt for girls typically begins at what age? A) 9 |
C. 10 |
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Immunizations are recommended although they are not 100% effective. According to the research, which of the following statements are TRUE according to this debate? A) They are 85%-99% effective and can greatly reduce the chances of getting the disease. |
A. They are 85%-99% effective and can greatly reduce the chances of getting the disease |
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In which of Piaget’s stages does the child develop conservation? A) concrete operational |
A. Concrete operational |
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A culture’s expectation of masculine and feminine behaviors can be defined as _____________________. A) heterosexual |
B. Gender roles |
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The most likely cause for miscarriage during the first three months of pregnancy is_______. A) alcohol use |
B. A genetic defect |
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Aaron is a middle-aged physician. He gives back to the community by acting as a mentor to teenagers interested in entering the medical profession. Erikson would say that Aaron is experiencing _________. A) integrity |
D. Generativity |
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The cessation of menstruation and ovulation is called ______. A) andropause |
D. Menopause |
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Erikson’s theory of social development viewed the period from ages 3 to 5, his third stage, as characterized by the major challenge of ______. A) autonomy versus shame and doubt |
D. Initiative versus guilt |
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The union of the ovum and sperm is called________ A) a zygote |
C. Fertilization |
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Which of the following illustrates Vygotsky’s concept of scaffolding? A) A teacher works one-on-one with a student and then begins to withdraw help as the student becomes more |
A. A teacher works one-on-one with a student and then begins to withdraw help as the student becomes more skilled |
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Around age 40, adults ___________. A) experience a sharpening of the senses |
C. May need to wear bifocal lenses |
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What was Mary Ainsworth trying to determine when she devised an experimental method called the Strange Situation? A) the nature of attachment between caregivers and babies |
A. The nature of attachment between caregivers and babies |
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Most young adolescents, especially those who receive a formal high school education, are at the level of thinking that Piaget described as ______. A) identity versus role confusion |
D. Formal operations |
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Which of the following is the term that refers to the difference between what a child can do alone and what that A) conservation |
C. Zone of proximal development |
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