1. A) do not want to change into cells of the tissue in which they originate. |
C) have been found to be less effective in generating new cells. |
The outermost part of the brain that is made up of tightly packed neurons and is only a tenth of an inch thick is called the ________. A) amygdala |
B) cortex |
Cameron touches a hot iron and immediately pulls his hand away. His quick response occurs because_______. A) the pain message goes up the spinal column to the central area of the spinal cord instead of going all the way to the brain |
A) the pain message goes up the spinal column to the central area of the spinal cord instead of going all the way to the brain |
The fluid-filled space between the terminal buttons of one cell and the dendrites of the next cell is called the ___________. A) synapse |
A) synapse |
Which endocrine gland controls all of the other endocrine glands? |
B) pituitary |
Which of the following brain structures is located near the hippocampus and is responsible for fear responses and memory of fear? A) amygdala |
A) amygdala |
Which of the following lobes are involved in planning, memory, and personality? A) parietal lobes |
C) frontal lobes |
GABA functions as_________. A) an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain |
A) an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain |
Which of the following are the three basic types of neurons? A) reflexes, sensory neurons, motor neurons |
B) interneurons, sensory neurons, motor neurons |
Which of the following is the section of the brain located at the rear and bottom of each cerebral hemisphere and contains the visual centers of the brain? A) parietal lobe |
D) occipital lobe |
Neurons make up ________% of the brain whereas glial cells make up ________%. A) 25; 75 |
B) 10; 90 |
Which neurotransmitter is associated with sleep, mood, and appetite? A) acetylcholine |
B) serotonin |
Which of the following regions contains the primary visual cortex? A) frontal lobe |
D) occipital lobe |
Which of the following is a machine designed to record the brain wave patterns produced by electrical activity of the surface of the brain? A) CT scan |
D) EEG |
Denise just received the results of a complete physical that found her body is not producing enough insulin. Which of the following endocrine glands is affecting her body’s ability to produce insulin? A) thyroid |
D) pancreas |
What part of the brain acts as a relay station for incoming sensory information? A) cerebellum |
C) thalamus |
A nerve is a group of ______ bundled together. A) axons |
A) axons |
Which of the following is a group of several brain structures located under the cortex and involved in learning, emotion, memory, and motivation? A) limbic system |
A) limbic system |
"All or none" is the principle stating that ______. A) a neuron either fires in a completely agonist fashion or in a completely antagonist fashion. |
C) a neuron either fires or does not fire |
Signals from the neurons of which sense are NOT sent to the cortex by the thalamus? A) taste |
B) smell |
Which of the following are responsible for acting as a facilitator of communication between neurons? A) motor neurons |
C) interneurons |
Marta was in an automobile accident and suffered an injury to her brain resulting in paralysis of her left arm. What part of Marta’s brain was injured? A) motor cortex |
A) motor cortex |
Eating, drinking, sexual behavior, sleeping, and temperature control are most strongly influenced by the ______. A) hypothalamus |
A) hypothalamus |
The section of the brain responsible for interpreting the visual information in the primary visual cortex is called the __________. A) somatosensory cortex |
D) visual association cortex |
The hormone released by the pineal gland that reduces body temperature and prepares you for sleep is ______. A) thyroxin |
D) melatonin |
Small metal disks are pasted onto Miranda’s scalp and they are connected by wire to a machine that translates the electrical energy from her brain into wavy lines on a moving piece of paper. From this description, it is evident that Miranda’s brain is being studied through the use of___________. A) an electroencephalographm |
A) an electroencephalographm |
Which component of the nervous system mobilizes the body in times of stress? A) central |
B) sympathetic |
The two main divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________. A) peripheral nervous system; central nervous system |
A) peripheral nervous system; central nervous system |
People suffering from Alzheimer’s disease have much lower levels of acetylcholine in the ______________ part of the brain. A) hypothalamus |
C) hippocampus |
_________________________ are holes in the surface of the dendrites that are shaped to fit only certain neurotransmitters. A) Receptor sites |
A) Receptor sites |
Which of the following is a brain-imaging method in which radioactive sugar is injected into the subject and a computer compiles a color-coded image of the activity of the brain? A) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) |
B) positron emission tomography (PET) |
What is the function of myelin? A) to speed up the neural impulse |
A) to speed up the neural impulse |
Messages from the brain to the muscles and glands in the body begin their journey in the ______. A) association areas |
B) motor cortex |
What is the term used to describe the branches located at the end of the axon? A) axon terminals |
A) axon terminals |
After being bitten by a black widow spider, Jean starts to convulse. This is a result of _____. A) a surge of chemicals blocking the transmission of fluids to the spinal cord |
D) a flood of acetylcholine releasing into the body’s muscle system |
Katie has grown up sleeping with a fan running in her room since she was an infant. This provides white noise to drown out the television programs being watched by other family members who were still awake. In an effort to save electricity, her mother has started coming into her room and turning her fan off after she thinks Katie is asleep. However, each time Katie wakes up and asks for the fan to be turned back on. Katie is selectively attending to certain kinds of information in her surroundings that have been linked to the ______ part of the brain. A) medulla |
C) reticular formation |
Since Jessica suffered a head injury in a car accident 3 months ago, she has not experienced dreams as she had in the past. She used to dream vivid, active dreams. Which part of her brain most likely was affected during the car accident which is related to her problem dreaming? A) pons |
A) pons |
An auto accident rendered Chris’s nervous system unable to send messages for him to breathe, so he is on a respirator. Which brain structure was damaged in the accident? A) pons |
C) medulla |
One purpose of the ____________________ is to speed up the neural message traveling down the axon. A) synaptic vesicle |
B) myelin |
What term is used to describe a specialized cell that makes up the nervous system and receives and sendsmessages within that system? A) glial cell |
C) neuron |
The peripheral nervous system consists of the _______ and the ______ nervous systems. A) parasympathetic; sympathetic |
D) autonomic; somatic |
As Molly is walking across campus, a car swerves toward her. Her heart races and sweat breaks out as she jumps out of harm’s way. This mobilization of energy is due to the action of Molly’s ______________. A) skeletal nervous system |
C) sympathetic nervous system |
Jerry loves the smell of the grass after it rains. This is a result of his ____________ which have received signals from neurons in his sinus cavity. A) olfactory bulbs |
A) olfactory bulbs |
The thick band of neurons that connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres is called the ___________. A) corpus callosum |
A) corpus callosum |
The central nervous system consists of ______. A) sense organs and sensory neurons |
C) the brain and spinal cord |
Damage to the ________would result in an inability to identify and comprehend what is seen through the eyes. A) primary visual cortex |
D) visual association cortex |
Which statement is untrue about stem cells? A) The Stem Cell Enhancement Research Act was passed by President Bush allowing scientists to collect new stem cells from human embryos. |
A) The Stem Cell Enhancement Research Act was passed by President Bush allowing scientists to collect new stem cells from human embryos. |
_______________ are fired when an animal performs an action or when the animal observes that same action being performed. For example, an infant will mimic the facial expressions of adults. A) Facial neurons |
C) Mirror neurons |
Which is not a specific function of the left hemisphere of the brain? A) mathematical calculations |
D) pattern recognition |
Which part of the brain is very small but extremely powerful and controls the pituitary gland? A) amygdala |
C) hypothalamus |
The division of the nervous system that allows the brain and the spinal cord to communicate with the sensory systems of the eyes, ears, skin, and mouth, and allows the brain and spinal cord to control the muscles and glands of the body is called the ______. A) endocrine system |
D. Peripheral nervous system |
Darla was in an automobile accident that resulted in an injury to her brain. Her sense of touch has been affected. Which part of the brain is the most likely site of the damage? A) frontal lobes |
C. Parietal lobes |
Curare, a poison, works by ______. A) inhibiting the production of inhibitory neurotransmitters |
D. Blocking receptor sites and acting as an antagonist for acetylcholine |
The area of the frontal lobe that is devoted to the production of fluent speech is ______ area. A) Wernicke’s |
D. Broca’s |
Neurons that carry information from the senses to the spinal cord are called ___________. A) interneurons |
B. Sensory neurons |
The peripheral nervous system consists of ______. A) the spinal cord and autonomic system |
C. All the nerve cells that are no tin the brain and spinal cord |
The branches at the end of the axon are called________. A) synapses |
B. Axon terminals |
A group of axons bundled together coated in myelin that travels together through the body is called ______. A) nerves |
A. Nerves |
Neurons found in the center of the spinal cord that receive information from the sensory neurons and send commands to the muscles through the motor neurons are called__________. A) sensory neurons |
B. Interneurons |
Rats that have a damaged _________will show no fear when placed next to a cat. A) hypothalamus |
B. Amygdala |
During action potential, the electrical charge inside the neuron is ______ the electrical charge outside the neuron. A) positive compared to |
A. Positive compared to |
The part of a neuron that contains the nucleus and keeps the entire cell alive and functioning is the _____. A) dendrite |
C. Soma |
Malcolm is studying alone in his room late at night when he hears a loud noise downstairs. His heartbeat increases significantly and his breathing becomes shallow. He wonders if a burglar has entered the house and decides to investigate. When he gets downstairs he discovers his cat has knocked over a plant stand. His body begins to relax and return to normal. Which part of his nervous system is responsible for returning Malcolm to a normal state? A) parasympathetic nervous system |
A. Parasympathetic nervous system |
The area at the back of the temporal lobe that is crucial in the ability to listen, process, and understand what others are saying is ______ area. A) Korsakoff’s |
D. Wernicke’s |
Robert’s mother is usually meticulous in her presentation. When picking her up for a family dinner, he noticed that her make-up was only applied to the right side of her face. Her hair was also brushed on the right side, but on the left it was matted and uncombed. He immediately took her to the hospital after she was unaware of any problems. She was diagnosed with ______, which is evidenced by damage to the association areas of the right hemisphere. A) Wernicke’s aphasia |
C. Unilateral spatial neglect |
When a cell is "at rest," it is in a state called the ________. A) stopping point |
D. Resting potential |
The part of the brain located just behind the temples, containing neurons responsible for the sense of hearing and meaningful speech, is called the ___________. A) temporal lobes |
A. Temporal lobes |
Pain-controlling chemicals in the body are called ______. A) neural regulators |
B. Endorphins |
Every deliberate action you make, such as pedaling a bike, walking, scratching, or smelling a flower, involves neurons in the ______ nervous system. A) sympathetic |
C. Somatic |
Rashad is in the hospital and is about to undergo a brain-imaging process that involves placing him inside a magnetic field so that a computer can create three-dimensional images of his brain. What procedure is he about to undergo? A) computed tomography (CT) |
D. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
What do we call the state of a neuron when it is not firing a neural impulse? A) resting potential |
A. Resting potential |
The ____________ is located within the temporal lobe on each side of the brain and if electrically stimulated it may produce dream-like or memory-like experiences. A) hypothalamus |
C. Hippocampus |
The branch of life sciences which involves the structure and function of the brain and nervous system, while also focusing on the relationship between learning and behavior, is called ________. A) neurostemology |
C. Neuroscience |
The ________________ is a structure in the brain stem that connects the top of the brain to the bottom and plays a role in sleep, dreaming, left-right body coordination, and arousal. A) cerebellum |
B. Pons |
As she walks out of the living room, Gloriann turns out the light. In this example, Gloriann’s __________________ is active. A) autonomic nervous system |
D. Somatic nervous system |
The two types of glial cells are called ________ and ________. A) oligodendrocytes; Schwann cells |
A. Oligodendrocytes; Schwann cells |
The poison of the black widow spider works by stimulating the release of excessive amounts of ______. A) dopamine |
D. Acetylcholine |
How is acetylcholine removed from the synapse? A) It is broken down by an enzyme. |
A. It is broken down by an enzyme |
The ________, located on the top of the kidneys, secrete(s) hormones that regulate salt intake, control stress reactions, and provide a secondary source of sex hormones affecting the sexual changes that occur during adolescence. A) adrenal glands |
A. Adrenal glands |
Which of the following is a function of the right hemisphere? A) perception, expression of emotion, and recognition of patterns |
A. Perception, expression of emotion, and recognition of patterns |
Hormones are chemicals that are secreted and go directly into ________. A) nerve endings |
B. The bloodstream |
Voluntary muscles are controlled by the ________nervous system. A) sympathetic |
C. Somatic |
The cerebellum ______. A) coordinates involuntary rapid fine-motor movement |
A. Coordinates involuntary rapid fine-motor movement |
The brain is divided into several different structures on the bottom part of the brain referred to as the "hindbrain." Which of the parts of the brain listed below is NOT located in the hindbrain? A) cerebellum |
B. Thalamus |
The part of the neuron whose name literally means "branch" is ________. A) axon |
C. Dendrite |
What is the term used to describe the rounded areas on the ends of the axon terminals? A) dendrites |
C. Synaptic knobs |
Mary put her hand on a hot stove. Which neuron is responsible for sending a pain message up her spinal column, where it would then enter into the main area of the cord? A) reflex |
C. Sensory neuron |
_________ receive messages from other neurons and _____________send messages to other neurons. A) Dendrites; axons |
A. Dendrites; axons |
Why do many reflexes, such as pulling your hand away from a hot iron, happen so quickly? A) The path that reflexes follow to the brain is direct and does not involve any neurotransmitters. |
B. The message involved does not have to go all the way to the brain |
A researcher wants to obtain a "movie" of changes in the activity of the brain using images from different time periods. Which of these would be the best choice for this researcher? A) electroencephalography (EEG) |
C. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) |
Alice is typing her term paper in the computer lab. Although a class is going on just a few feet away, she does not seem to notice. Which part of the brain allows Alice to focus on her typing and ignore the distractions that surround her? A) reticular formation |
A. Reticular formation |
Involuntary muscles are controlled by the ________ nervous system. A) parasympathetic |
D. Autonomic |
Sometimes in order to study parts of an animal’s brain, researchers may deliberately damage a part of the brain. They accomplish this by placing into the brain a thin insulated wire through which they send an electrical current that destroys the brain cells at the tip of the wire. This technique is called____________. A) CT scan |
D. Deep lesioning |
Tim is overweight. His physician has decided to test him to see if there is a problem with the regulation of his metabolism. Which endocrine gland will be the focus of diagnostic testing? A) thymus |
C. Thyroid |
Jack suffered a brain injury as a result of hitting his head while waterskiing. One of the problems that developed was that Jack could not pronounce certain words correctly for a long period of time until he had extensive speech therapy and can now speak as he did before his accident. This is an example of the brain’s ______ which allowed the structure and function of his brain cells to change to adjust to the trauma. |
C. Neuroplasticity |
Which of the following is a long bundle of neurons that functions as a carrier of messages from the body to the brain and from the brain to the body and is responsible for certain reflexes? A) spinal cord |
A. Spinal cord |
The nervous system is defined as____________________. A) all nerves and neurons that are not contained in the brain and spinal cord but that run throughout the body itself |
C. A complex network of cells that carries information to and from all parts of the body |
A brain-imaging method using radio waves and magnetic fields of the body to produce detailed images of the brain is called ______________. A) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
A. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
The branchlike structures that receive messages from other neurons are called ______. A) nerve bundles |
D. Dendrites |
The brain and spinal cord are two components of the______. A) somatic nervous system |
C. Central nervous system |
The function of the neuron’s axon is to ______. A) carry messages to other cells |
A. Carry messages to other cells |
Which of the following are tiny sacs in a synaptic knob that release chemicals into the synapse? A) synaptic vesicles |
A. Synaptic vesicles |
When the electric potential in a cell is in action versus a resting state, this electrical charge reversal is known as the _________________. A) excitation reaction |
B. Action potential |
Researcher Roger Sperry won a nobel prize for his research on Epilepsy. Sperry cut through the ________ which joins the two hemispheres of the brain. A) medulla |
B. Corpus callosum |
______ plays a critical role as a neurotransmitter that stimulates muscles to contract. A) GABA |
C. Acetylcholine |
When a neuron fires, it fires in a(n) ________ fashion as there is no such thing as "partial" firing. A) all-or-none |
A. All-or-none |
John has decided to start to learn how to wrestle. His first day at practice, a seasoned wrestler slams the back of his head to the mat. John was shaken and reported to the trainer that he "saw stars" after he hit his head. As a result of "seeing stars," John’s ______ was temporarily affected as a result of the slam. A) corpus callosum |
C. Occipital lobe |
The part of the autonomic nervous system that is responsible for reacting to stressful events and bodily arousal is called the ______________ nervous system. A) parasympathetic |
D. Sympathetic |
Insertion into the brain of a thin insulated wire through which is sent an electrical current that stimulates the brain cells at the tip of the wire is called___________. A) ESB |
A. ESB |
Which part of the nervous system takes the information received from the senses, makes sense out of it, makes decisions, and sends commands out to the muscles and the rest of the body? A) spinal cord |
D. Brain |
Bill was admitted to the hospital last week after he fell. When Bill’s son visited, he found his father was unable to get words out in a smooth, connected fashion. If Bill’s difficulty speaking is due to brain damage, what is the likely location of the damage? A) Broca’s area |
A. Broca’s area |
If you have a problem remembering things that happened a year ago, doctors might check for damage to the ___________ area of the brain. A) amygdala |
B. Hippocampus |
A fatty substance that is wrapped around the shaft of axons in the nervous system and whose function is to insulate neurons and speed up the neural impulse is called a _________. A) dendrite |
D. Myelin cell |
PSYC 1101 Review for Chapter 2
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