Researchers have found it takes immigrant children generally how long to become proficient in speaking English? |
3-5 years |
Brocca’s and Wernicke’s areas are predisposed for language functioning and are located in which part of the brain? |
left hemisphere |
Research on the ability of infants to understand words indicates that infants: |
understand words well before they can produce them. |
Difficulty finding words is noted early in: |
Alzheimer’s disease. |
Which of the following statements is NOT true about an infant’s use of gestures? |
Frequent use of gestures indicates a future language delay |
At what age can Emily expect her child to say, "Get shoes"? |
18 to 24 months |
The start of babbling is determined mainly by: |
biological maturation. |
Which area of the brain’s left hemisphere is involved in language comprehension? |
Wernicke’s |
Twelve-year-old Cade is able to produce all of the sounds of speech and construct complete, accurate, meaningful sentences but struggles with taking turns in a discussion, recognizing humor and figurative language. He is having communication difficulty in the area of: |
pragmatics. |
Thirty students in a class are given the same list of eight words to use in generating sentences. Each student creates a unique sentence. This is an example of: |
infinite generativity. |
Which of the following provides evidence AGAINST the behavioral view of language development? |
Children say new things that they haven’t ever heard or said before. |
Anthony holds up his glass and says, "Milk gone." What type of speech pattern is this? |
telegraphic |
A pragmatic characteristic of a 4-year-old is that they: |
change their speech style to accommodate the listener. |
The fact that changes in word order can change the meaning of a sentence is an example of: |
syntax |
The use of correct rules for conversation is part of the definition of: |
pragmatics. |
Telegraphic speech is characterized by: |
short, precise words without grammatical markers. |
Language development during the adult years varies greatly among individuals depending on: |
level of education and social and occupational roles. |
The basic unit of sound in a language is a: |
phoneme. |
Which of the following statements about morphemes is true? |
all of these |
A rapid increase in an infant’s vocabulary that usually takes place between 18 and 24 months is known as: |
vocabulary spurt. |
Baby Jonah is hungry. He will alert his mother with a(n): |
basic cry. |
Janey is a difficult and inhibited child. As an adult, she is likely to: |
experience marital conflict. |
Which of the following is likely to be an important factor in connecting attachment style and predicting later functioning? |
consistency in caregiving |
Baby Natalie is generally in a positive mood. She follows a regular daily routine and is calm during new situations. According to Chess and Thomas, what type of temperament does Natalie exhibit? |
an easy child |
Twin and adoption studies have found that biology has __________ influence on temperament. |
a moderate |
Caregiver research indicates that fathers: |
interact with their babies in different ways than mothers do. |
The school psychologist teaches the anger management group a three-step method to help group members cope in a difficult situation. She is helping the group to build: |
emotional competence. |
Three-month-old Elizabeth looks at her mother and smiles. Researchers call this reaction: |
social smiling. |
Which of the following demonstrates phase 3 in Bowlby’s attachment theory? |
Ryan follows his dad everywhere |
Joanie is unhappy unless she has a boyfriend. She very possessive and demanding with her peer relationships and constantly seeks to make someone her new best friend. What type of attachment is Joanie displaying? |
preoccupied/ambivalent |
Now that Rosie is in late adulthood, the socioemotional selectivity theory predicts she will: |
spend most of her time with familiar friends. |
Kristin and Greg have been dating each other for several years. Although much of the passion has faded from their relationship, Kristin explains that she feels a deep sense of caring for Greg and desires to have him near. According to Robert Sternberg, Kristin and Greg’s love is: |
affectionate. |
Adolescents are MORE likely than adults to report feeling: |
both very happy and very sad. |
Emotions, such as fear, may appear earlier than normal in some infants due to: |
abuse or neglect |
Jackson checks his mother’s expression before venturing toward the sidewalk. This is an example of: |
social referencing. |
Reading emotional cues from others to help determine how to act in a particular situation is known as: |
social referencing. |
Romantic love emphasizes passion while affectionate love emphasizes: |
companionship. |
Language development during the adult years varies greatly among individuals depending on: |
level of education and social and occupational roles. |
Infant Nathan is smiling and "talking" with short, loud noises. His mother responds each time Nathan expresses himself by smiling and talking. This interaction is described as: |
reciprocal or synchronous. |
The basic unit of sound in a language is a: |
phoneme. |
Which of the following statements about morphemes is true? |
all of these |
A rapid increase in an infant’s vocabulary that usually takes place between 18 and 24 months is known as: |
vocabulary spurt. |
Romantic love emphasizes passion while affectionate love emphasizes: |
companionship. |
Reading emotional cues from others to help determine how to act in a particular situation is known as: |
social referencing. |
Jackson checks his mother’s expression before venturing toward the sidewalk. This is an example of: |
social referencing. |
Emotions, such as fear, may appear earlier than normal in some infants due to: |
abuse or neglect |
Adolescents are MORE likely than adults to report feeling: |
both very happy and very sad. |
Kristin and Greg have been dating each other for several years. Although much of the passion has faded from their relationship, Kristin explains that she feels a deep sense of caring for Greg and desires to have him near. According to Robert Sternberg, Kristin and Greg’s love is: |
affectionate. |
Now that Rosie is in late adulthood, the socioemotional selectivity theory predicts she will: |
spend most of her time with familiar friends. |
Joanie is unhappy unless she has a boyfriend. She very possessive and demanding with her peer relationships and constantly seeks to make someone her new best friend. What type of attachment is Joanie displaying? |
preoccupied/ambivalent |
Which of the following demonstrates phase 3 in Bowlby’s attachment theory? |
Ryan follows his dad everywhere. |
Three-month-old Elizabeth looks at her mother and smiles. Researchers call this reaction: |
social smiling. |
The school psychologist teaches the anger management group a three-step method to help group members cope in a difficult situation. She is helping the group to build: 1) emotional coaching. |
emotional competence. |
Caregiver research indicates that fathers: |
interact with their babies in different ways than mothers do. |
Twin and adoption studies have found that biology has __________ influence on temperament. |
a moderate |
Baby Natalie is generally in a positive mood. She follows a regular daily routine and is calm during new situations. According to Chess and Thomas, what type of temperament does Natalie exhibit? |
an easy child |
Which of the following is likely to be an important factor in connecting attachment style and predicting later functioning? |
consistency in caregiving |
Janey is a difficult and inhibited child. As an adult, she is likely to: 1) experience marital conflict. |
experience marital conflict. |
Baby Jonah is hungry. He will alert his mother with a(n): |
basic cry. |
Which of the following is an example of how a young child might make a self-evaluation using an unrealistically positive overestimation? |
I am never scared. |
For positive identity development, a family atmosphere should promote: |
both individuality and connectedness. |
Dewey comprehends that he is a 10-year-old boy who is: on the chess team, a member of a family, loves computer games, and hates peanut butter. This is Dewey’s: |
self-understanding. |
Thirteen-year-old Cody does not understand or care about how his strengths and weaknesses will guide him into different roles in the future. According to Marcia, Cody is in a state of identity: |
diffusion. |
Curtis loves to garden, but his arthritis makes it difficult. Now he limits the plants he tends to those that do not require much maintenance. This is an example of: |
selection. |
Which of the following BEST summarizes the results of the major longitudinal studies of personality development? |
Over time, some aspects of personality change, while others remain stable. |
According to Marcia, adolescents who have not explored meaningful alternatives or made any commitments are in a state of identity: |
diffusion. |
What is the charge of the novice phase in Levinson’s theory? |
development of a dream and free experimentation and testing this dream in the real world |
According to Marcia, a period of identity development during which the individual is exploring alternatives is: |
crisis. |
The "MAMA" cycle is: |
the possibility that an individual may work through crisis and commitment in any given area of identity more than once. |
Thora loves to paint but realizes her fine-motor movement is not what it used to be. She now paints in the morning when she experiences fewer tremors and makes sure to go slowly working on her projects. This is an example of: |
optimization. |
Kristina is looking forward to participating in the mock election debate at school. She has strong opinions on school issues and feels confident that she can communicate her stance to others. Kristina has a sense of: |
individuality. |
Judy reminisces about when her children were young. She reveals to her daughter that she often felt tired and discouraged during those times. Seeing her children as parents helps Judy to realize that she was and is a good mother. This is an aspect of Judy’s: |
life review. |
Yves had a tumultuous adolescence. As a young adult, he isolates himself from peers and family. According to Erikson, Yves emerged from his adolescent crisis as: |
identity confused. |
Maria is experiencing identity confusion. Which of the following statements describes Maria? |
All of these are possible descriptions of an adolescent with identity confusion. |
Twenty-month-old Michael is placed in front of a mirror with a spot of rouge on his nose. Michael will MOST likely: |
touch his nose in attempt to wipe off the spot. |
Which of the following is an example of how a 5-year-old child might perceive a friend in terms of psychological traits? |
My friend is funny |
According to Cooper, self-assertion and separateness are two dimensions of: |
individuality. |
Leslie recalls her painful divorce. At the time, she felt like a failure but now realizes that many aspects of her life improved as a result of this challenge. She is participating in a(n): |
life review. |
Which of the following is an enduring aspect of the self that includes a sense of membership in an ethnic group, along with the attitudes and feelings related to that membership? |
ethnic identity |
Carol Gilligan criticized Kohlberg’s theory for: |
discounting the care perspective and female reasoning patterns. |
An experimenter pretends to hurt her knee in front of a child to see how the child reacts to another’s emotional response. This experimenter is studying: |
empathy |
An older adult is highly involved in the church and feels that religion plays an important role in leading a meaningful and contented life. This older adult is MOST likely a(n): |
African American woman |
Hector became a police officer, because he believes that members of society prosper from understanding social order, law, justice, and duty. On what moral level does he reason? |
conventional |
According to Damon (1988), where culturally specific practices take on profound ethical significance, the moral development of children focuses extensively on adherence to: |
customs or conventions. |
Critics of Kohlberg say that his evaluations measure __________, but that the true test of morality is __________. |
moral competency/moral performance |
How is Kohlberg’s theory culturally biased? |
In some cultures, high level moral reasoning derives from different values than those that form the basis of Kohlberg’s claims. |
What main method did Kohlberg use to evaluate moral reasoning? |
interviews about moral dilemma stories |
In the contemporary perspective on moral development, what contributes to children’s moral development? |
rewarding positive feelings and punishing negative feelings |
Situation-specific ethical behavior is known as: |
moral performance. |
Allan is visiting a country where it is illegal to give money to panhandlers, but he feels such pangs of conscience that he ignores the law and gives freely to the impoverished children begging for food. Which moral stage does this demonstrate? |
universal ethical principles |
Age-inappropriate actions and attitudes that violate family expectations, societal norms, and personal or property rights of others describe: |
a conduct disorder. |
Young children believe that when a rule is broken, punishment will follow inevitably. This is a belief in: |
immanent justice. |
Jessica knocks over a vase containing flowers but blames her infant sister for the mess. Jessica believes: |
in immanent justice |
Some studies show a positive link between religion and health. Which of the following is NOT part of the evidence that shows a positive association between religious participation and health? |
lowered rates of diabetes |
Thirteen-year-old Rilie sneaks out of the house often. She and her friends destroy property, drink alcohol, and smoke cigarettes. Rilie’s therapist has diagnosed her with: |
conduct disorder. |
Which of the following statements represents a criticism of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development? |
Action, not thought, is demonstrative of moral level. |
Which of the following cognitive factors is NOT linked with juvenile delinquency? |
low self-esteem |
Mack’s brother suggests they change the rules of the game they are playing. Mack protests and insists that rule changing is not allowed. Mack is: |
a heteronomous thinker. |
Which of the following is a criticism of Kohlberg’s assessment of moral thought? |
Kohlberg’s hypothetical dilemmas do not match everyday life quandaries. |
Matt and Tamela reward good behavior and ignore bad behavior when possible. When punishment is required, they calmly employ techniques like time-out and verbal reasoning. Which of Baumrind’s parenting styles do Matt and Tamela employ? |
authoritative |
Much of adolescent-parent conflict is born of a need to balance: |
autonomy and attachment. |
Ray and his sister are in their 50s and have a close relationship. Research on sibling relationships suggests that: |
a close childhood sibling relationship is positively correlated to a close sibling relationship later in life. |
Which of the following is TRUE of marital satisfaction? 3) People in happy marriages are likely to be more emotionally and physically tired because of the added strain of caring so deeply for another individual. |
Individuals in happy marriages tend to live longer than those in unhappy relationships |
Kelly’s mother assures that after Kelly and Tom have children, their marital discord will fade as they concentrate on raising a baby. Kelly’s mother is: |
perpetuating one of the common myths about parenting. |
Corporal punishment by parents is associated with all of the following EXCEPT: |
higher levels of long-term compliance. |
Which of the following is an advantage of having children early (in their 20s)? |
all of these |
Jeff and Amber demand respect and immediate obedience from their children. They use spanking as a primary form of punishment. Which of Baumrind’s parenting styles do Jeff and Amber employ? |
authoritarian |
Heather is dating seventeen-year-old Tyler, who was severely maltreated as a child. Heather is at risk for which of the following? |
Tyler’s abusive behaviors |
One benefit of everyday adolescent-parent conflict is that it: |
helps adolescents become more autonomous. |
Which of the following is an advantage of having children later (in their 30s)? |
Parents are likely to be more mature. |
Steven now recognizes the signs indicating that his infant daughter needs a nap. This is an example of: |
reciprocal socialization. |
Which of the following is an important contribution of great grandparents? |
They can transmit family history. |
Beverly pats her grandchildren on the head when they arrive for an infrequent visit and reminds her daughter to keep them out of the living room. What type of grandparent is Beverly? |
distant |
Christie allows her children many freedoms with very few limits and believes their creativity will be enhanced this way. Her children lack self-control and are domineering with peers. Which of Baumrind’s parenting styles does Christie employ? |
indulgent |
Scott and Kristine have decided to live together. Which of the following is TRUE regarding their situation? |
Their relationship is likely to be more equal than that of a married couple. |
Hope and Faith are sisters who are very different and quarrel often. What can we expect of their future relationship? |
Their relationship will likely remain strained, as it is rare for closeness between siblings to develop for the first time in adulthood. |
Which of the following neighborhood characteristics is NOT linked with child maltreatment? |
access to support networks |
Emily is an emerging adult and has moved out of her childhood home and into an apartment near her college campus. Which of the following is TRUE regarding her relationship with her parents? |
She will most likely grow closer psychologically to her parents. |
When individuals experienced the divorce of their parents in childhood and adolescence, they were more likely to: |
all of these |
Kenna and Maren play "store" together and use blocks and boxes for shelves and goods for sale. They are engaged in which type of play? |
pretense/symbolic |
Ash doesn’t have a close friend. What is a likely outcome of this circumstance? |
loneliness and reduced sense of self-worth |
Mr. Carter will retire next month. He has slowly been removing his mark from the company as well as lessening his interest and activity in the community. This is an example of the pattern predicted by which theory of aging? |
disengagement |
Candie is a cheerleader. She hangs out with the "in crowd," but many of her peers don’t like her. What is Candie’s peer status? |
controversial |
Cultures that value self-actualization, self-awareness, self-efficacy, and the like are labeled: |
individualistic. |
Cultures that value harmonious relationships and interdependence of members are labeled: |
collectivistic. |
Kael is participating in a social skills group that focuses on correctly interpreting and appropriately acting on peer input information. Kael is most likely a(n): |
rejected child. |
Not all friendships are healthy or positive. Which of the following friend characteristics is NOT developmentally advantageous? |
coercive |
Eddie’s childhood is marked with persistent and long-standing poverty. He is most likely exposed to which of the following? |
all of these |
Brent and Kegan are about the same age and maturity level. They are: |
peers |
Research shows that children who are isolated from or rejected by peers may be: |
prone to depression. |
Two friends are getting together to play golf. They are most likely: |
male and will spend their time trying to win the game. |
Sam is participating in a social skills group that focuses on teaching the children how to join in with peers and make friends. Sam is most likely a(n): |
neglected child. |
Which of the following is increasingly reducing children’s time for play? |
electronic media |
Charlie is well liked by many of his peers. He has high self-esteem, controls his temper, and is generally cheerful. What is Charlie’s peer status? |
popular |
Freud and Erikson believe that play helps children: |
master anxieties and conflicts |
Nan holds the remote control to her ear and pretends to speak on the phone. In which of Bergen’s play types is she engaged? |
pretense/symbolic |
The double disadvantage suffered by ethnic minority individuals consists of: |
prejudice and poverty |
Which two factors appear to be associated with greater poverty in old age? |
sex and ethnicity |
Which peer status group includes children who are not disliked by peers but who don’t have best friends or regular group of friends? |
neglected |
Most physicians define death as the cessation of function in the __________ portion of the brain. |
higher |
Euthanasia that occurs when death is deliberately induced is termed: |
active. |
Harold is 79. He lives alone, recently lost his spouse, and has high blood pressure and other health problems. Harold is at risk for which of the following? |
all of these |
SIDS refers to death of an infant: |
with no apparent health problems. |
Holly’s friend, Lori, died 3 years ago. Holly suffers from sleep problems, restlessness, and irritability. She often weeps uncontrollably because she misses Lori so much. Which of the following is TRUE of Holly’s grieving process? |
She is experiencing "prolonged grief" and may benefit from therapy. |
When higher cortical functioning is lost, what aspects of life are gone? |
intelligence and personality |
Kay knows the end is near. She is calm and ready to let go of her earthly cares. Which of Kübler-Ross’s stages of grief does this illustrate? |
acceptance |
During which life stage is suicide the highest? |
85 years and older |
Grief is a: |
complex, evolving process with multiple dimensions including separation anxiety, pining, and sadness. |
If all electrical activity of the brain has ceased for a specified period of time, an individual is: |
brain dead. |
Calvin is contemplating immanent death after failed attempts to cure his condition. He cries frequently and often refuses visitors. Which of Kübler-Ross’s stages of grief does this illustrate? |
depression |
Dr. Jack Kevorkian is well known for his support of and participation in: |
active euthanasia. |
Studies of the diversity of grieving patterns within and among cultures indicate that: |
there is no one, best way to grieve. |
Lou has decided not to communicate his intent to commit suicide. He is likely a(n): |
older adult. |
Edie’s daughter was killed in a car crash nearly 2 years ago. Since her daughter’s death, Edie has been unable to cope and move forward with her life. She feels numb and detached and says that life has no meaning. Edie is experiencing: |
prolonged grief. |
Hospice is a program designed to: |
make the end of life as free from pain and anxiety as possible. |
Which of the following refers to individuals’ rights to determine whether extraordinary means should be used to keep them alive? |
living will |
Marilyn suffers a severe stroke and irreversible brain damage. Her husband decides to remove all life support and subsequently, Marilyn dies. This is an example of: |
passive euthanasia |
Harold knows he will not live much longer. He asks God to prolong his life promising to make amends with his estranged children. Which of Kübler-Ross’s stages of grief does this illustrate: |
bargaining |
What is the highest cause of infant death in the United States? |
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) |
Psy 203 Final
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