Psy 203 Final

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Researchers have found it takes immigrant children generally how long to become proficient in speaking English?
1) 1 year
2) 2 year
3) 3-5 years
4) 7-10 years

3-5 years

Brocca’s and Wernicke’s areas are predisposed for language functioning and are located in which part of the brain?
1) occipital lobe
2) temporal lobe
3) right hemisphere
4) left hemisphere

left hemisphere

Research on the ability of infants to understand words indicates that infants:
1) understand words only when they have reached the stage of internalization of schemes.
2) must be able to talk before they can understand words.
3) understand words well before they can produce them.
4) speak earlier when they understand words earlier.

understand words well before they can produce them.

Difficulty finding words is noted early in:
1) adolescence.
2) adulthood.
3) Alzheimer’s disease.
4) early childhood.

Alzheimer’s disease.

Which of the following statements is NOT true about an infant’s use of gestures?
1) A lack of pointing is one characteristic of children with autism
2) Frequent use of gestures indicates a future language delay.
3) Infants start using gestures at about 8 to 12 months of age.
4) Gesturing is a sign of a healthy communication system.

Frequent use of gestures indicates a future language delay

At what age can Emily expect her child to say, "Get shoes"?
1) 8 to 12 months
2) 12 to 18 months
3) 18 to 24 months
4) after 24 months

18 to 24 months

The start of babbling is determined mainly by:
1) biological maturation.
2) positive reinforcement.
3) the ability to hear.
4) interactions between the child and caregiver

biological maturation.

Which area of the brain’s left hemisphere is involved in language comprehension?
1) LAD
2) Broca’s
3) aphasic
4) Wernicke’s

Wernicke’s

Twelve-year-old Cade is able to produce all of the sounds of speech and construct complete, accurate, meaningful sentences but struggles with taking turns in a discussion, recognizing humor and figurative language. He is having communication difficulty in the area of:
1) phonology.
2) semantics
3) morphology
4) pragmatics.

pragmatics.

Thirty students in a class are given the same list of eight words to use in generating sentences. Each student creates a unique sentence. This is an example of:
1) pragmatics
2) infinite generativity.
3) organizational rules.
4) segmentation.

infinite generativity.

Which of the following provides evidence AGAINST the behavioral view of language development?
1) Researchers haven’t yet located the LAD in the brain.
2) Parents reinforce proper grammar and punish improper grammar.
3) Children say new things that they haven’t ever heard or said before.
4) The environment plays the most important role in language acquisition.

Children say new things that they haven’t ever heard or said before.

Anthony holds up his glass and says, "Milk gone." What type of speech pattern is this?
1) reflective
2) comprehensive
3) intrinsic
4) telegraphic

telegraphic

A pragmatic characteristic of a 4-year-old is that they:
1) increase the length of sentences
2) talk about imaginary people and things.
3) change their speech style to accommodate the listener.
4) maintain the same speech style in all situations.

change their speech style to accommodate the listener.

The fact that changes in word order can change the meaning of a sentence is an example of:
1) semantics.
2) syntax.
3) phonology.
4) pragmatics.

syntax

The use of correct rules for conversation is part of the definition of:
1) grammatical relations.
2) semantics.
3) pragmatics.
4) the language acquisition device.

pragmatics.

Telegraphic speech is characterized by:
1) two-word utterances only.
2) short, complete sentences.
3) a sequence of succinct single syllable words.
4) short, precise words without grammatical markers.

short, precise words without grammatical markers.

Language development during the adult years varies greatly among individuals depending on:
1) gender and personality.
2) voice quality and opportunity.
3) level of education and social and occupational roles.
4) geographical location and socioeconomic status.

level of education and social and occupational roles.

The basic unit of sound in a language is a:
1) morpheme.
2) letter.
3) syllable.
4) phoneme.

phoneme.

Which of the following statements about morphemes is true?
1) some words consist of a single morpheme
2) some words are made up of more than one morpheme
3) morphemes can mark tense and number
4) all of these

all of these

A rapid increase in an infant’s vocabulary that usually takes place between 18 and 24 months is known as:
1) vocabulary spurt.
2) expressive jump.
3) overextention.
4) language development.

vocabulary spurt.

Baby Jonah is hungry. He will alert his mother with a(n):
1) basic cry.
2) anger cry.
3) pain cry.
4) facial expression.

basic cry.

Janey is a difficult and inhibited child. As an adult, she is likely to:
1) experience marital conflict.
2) be well adjusted.
3) enter a stable job track early
4) have a slow-to-warm child.

experience marital conflict.

Which of the following is likely to be an important factor in connecting attachment style and predicting later functioning?
1) temperament
2) consistency in caregiving
3) level of autonomy
4) adaptability

consistency in caregiving

Baby Natalie is generally in a positive mood. She follows a regular daily routine and is calm during new situations. According to Chess and Thomas, what type of temperament does Natalie exhibit?
1) uninhibited
2) slow-to-warm-up
3) a difficult child
4) an easy child

an easy child

Twin and adoption studies have found that biology has __________ influence on temperament.
1) a large
2) a moderate
3) a minimal
4) no

a moderate

Caregiver research indicates that fathers:
1) are less able to be nurturing caregivers than mothers.
2) are slowly evolving to be more nurturing caregivers than mothers.
3) spend more time with their female children.
4) interact with their babies in different ways than mothers do.

interact with their babies in different ways than mothers do.

The school psychologist teaches the anger management group a three-step method to help group members cope in a difficult situation. She is helping the group to build:
1) emotional coaching.
2) regulation cues.
3) emotionteract with their babies in different ways than mothers do.nal dismissal.
4) emotional competence.

emotional competence.

Three-month-old Elizabeth looks at her mother and smiles. Researchers call this reaction:
1) trust smiling
2) social smiling.
3) reflexive smiling.
4) attachment smiling.

social smiling.

Which of the following demonstrates phase 3 in Bowlby’s attachment theory?
1) Ryan follows his dad everywhere.
2) Dallas knows that his actions and words have emotional consequences for others around him, so he is careful with what he says and does.
3) Newborn James can be comforted by anyone who will hold and feed him.
4) Kandice is beginning to recognize and prefer her mother or father to strangers.

Ryan follows his dad everywhere

Joanie is unhappy unless she has a boyfriend. She very possessive and demanding with her peer relationships and constantly seeks to make someone her new best friend. What type of attachment is Joanie displaying?
1) consistently disorganized
2) dismissing/avoidant
3) preoccupied/ambivalent
4) unresolved/disorganized

preoccupied/ambivalent

Now that Rosie is in late adulthood, the socioemotional selectivity theory predicts she will:
1) become more socially withdrawn.
2) continue to actively make new friends.
3) spend most of her time with familiar friends.
4) emotionally invest in peripheral relationships.

spend most of her time with familiar friends.

Kristin and Greg have been dating each other for several years. Although much of the passion has faded from their relationship, Kristin explains that she feels a deep sense of caring for Greg and desires to have him near. According to Robert Sternberg, Kristin and Greg’s love is:
1) romantic.
2) fatuous.
3) affectionate.
4) consummate.

affectionate.

Adolescents are MORE likely than adults to report feeling:
1) very happy only.
2) very sad only.
3) both very happy and very sad.
4) shamed.

both very happy and very sad.

Emotions, such as fear, may appear earlier than normal in some infants due to:
1) heredity
2) reciprocal interaction
3) abuse or neglect
4) stranger anxiety

abuse or neglect

Jackson checks his mother’s expression before venturing toward the sidewalk. This is an example of:
1) separation protest.
2) social referencing.
3) joint attention.
4) strange situation anxiety.

social referencing.

Reading emotional cues from others to help determine how to act in a particular situation is known as:
1) temperament.
2) attachment.
3) social referencing.
4) emotion regulation.

social referencing.

Romantic love emphasizes passion while affectionate love emphasizes:
1) risk.
2) fear.
3)companionship.
4) jealousy

companionship.

Language development during the adult years varies greatly among individuals depending on:
1) gender and personality.
2) voice quality and opportunity.
3) level of education and social and occupational roles.
4) geographical location and socioeconomic status

level of education and social and occupational roles.

Infant Nathan is smiling and "talking" with short, loud noises. His mother responds each time Nathan expresses himself by smiling and talking. This interaction is described as:
1) high-intensity stimulus.
2) caregiver expression.
3) reciprocal or synchronous.
4) self-regulation.

reciprocal or synchronous.

The basic unit of sound in a language is a:
1) morpheme.
2) letter.
3) syllable.
4) phoneme.

phoneme.

Which of the following statements about morphemes is true?
1) some words consist of a single morpheme
2) some words are made up of more than one morpheme
3) morphemes can mark tense and number
4) all of these

all of these

A rapid increase in an infant’s vocabulary that usually takes place between 18 and 24 months is known as:
1) vocabulary spurt.
2) expressive jump.
3) overextention.
4) language development.

vocabulary spurt.

Romantic love emphasizes passion while affectionate love emphasizes:
1) risk.
2) fear.
3) companionship.
4) jealousy.

companionship.

Reading emotional cues from others to help determine how to act in a particular situation is known as:
1) temperament.
2) attachment.
3) social referencing.
4) emotion regulation.

social referencing.

Jackson checks his mother’s expression before venturing toward the sidewalk. This is an example of:
1) separation protest.
2) social referencing.
3) joint attention.
4) strange situation anxiety.

social referencing.

Emotions, such as fear, may appear earlier than normal in some infants due to:
1) heredity
2) reciprocal interaction
3) abuse or neglect
4) stranger anxiety

abuse or neglect

Adolescents are MORE likely than adults to report feeling:
1) very happy only.
2) very sad only.
3) both very happy and very sad.
4) shamed.

both very happy and very sad.

Kristin and Greg have been dating each other for several years. Although much of the passion has faded from their relationship, Kristin explains that she feels a deep sense of caring for Greg and desires to have him near. According to Robert Sternberg, Kristin and Greg’s love is:
1) romantic.
2) fatuous.
3) affectionate.
4) consummate.

affectionate.

Now that Rosie is in late adulthood, the socioemotional selectivity theory predicts she will:
1) become more socially withdrawn.
2) continue to actively make new friends.
3) spend most of her time with familiar friends.
4) emotionally invest in peripheral relationships.

spend most of her time with familiar friends.

Joanie is unhappy unless she has a boyfriend. She very possessive and demanding with her peer relationships and constantly seeks to make someone her new best friend. What type of attachment is Joanie displaying?
1) consistently disorganized
2) dismissing/avoidant
3) preoccupied/ambivalent
4) unresolved/disorganized

preoccupied/ambivalent

Which of the following demonstrates phase 3 in Bowlby’s attachment theory?
1) Ryan follows his dad everywhere.
2) Dallas knows that his actions and words have emotional consequences for others around him, so he is careful with what he says and does.
3) Newborn James can be comforted by anyone who will hold and feed him.
4) Kandice is beginning to recognize and prefer her mother or father to strangers.

Ryan follows his dad everywhere.

Three-month-old Elizabeth looks at her mother and smiles. Researchers call this reaction:
1) trust smiling.
2) social smiling.
3) reflexive smiling.
4) attachment smiling.

social smiling.

The school psychologist teaches the anger management group a three-step method to help group members cope in a difficult situation. She is helping the group to build:

1) emotional coaching.
2) regulation cues.
3) emotional dismissal.
4) emotional competence.

emotional competence.

Caregiver research indicates that fathers:
1) are less able to be nurturing caregivers than mothers.
2) are slowly evolving to be more nurturing caregivers than mothers.
3) spend more time with their female children.
4) interact with their babies in different ways than mothers do.

interact with their babies in different ways than mothers do.

Twin and adoption studies have found that biology has __________ influence on temperament.
1) a large
2) a moderate
3) a minimal
4) no

a moderate

Baby Natalie is generally in a positive mood. She follows a regular daily routine and is calm during new situations. According to Chess and Thomas, what type of temperament does Natalie exhibit?
1) uninhibited
2) slow-to-warm-up
3) a difficult child
4) an easy child

an easy child

Which of the following is likely to be an important factor in connecting attachment style and predicting later functioning?
1) temperament
2) consistency in caregiving
3) level of autonomy
4) adaptability

consistency in caregiving

Janey is a difficult and inhibited child. As an adult, she is likely to:

1) experience marital conflict.
2) be well adjusted.
3) enter a stable job track early.
4) have a slow-to-warm child.

experience marital conflict.

Baby Jonah is hungry. He will alert his mother with a(n):
1) basic cry.
2) anger cry.
3) pain cry.
4) facial expression.

basic cry.

Which of the following is an example of how a young child might make a self-evaluation using an unrealistically positive overestimation?
1) I am sometimes scared of the dark.
2) I know most of my ABCs.
3) I can sing part of that song.
4) I am never scared.

I am never scared.

For positive identity development, a family atmosphere should promote:
1) individuality.
2) connectedness.
3) both individuality and connectedness.
4) career development through the exploration of possible talent areas.

both individuality and connectedness.

Dewey comprehends that he is a 10-year-old boy who is: on the chess team, a member of a family, loves computer games, and hates peanut butter. This is Dewey’s:
1) self-esteem.
2) personality.
3) self-understanding.
4) character.

self-understanding.

Thirteen-year-old Cody does not understand or care about how his strengths and weaknesses will guide him into different roles in the future. According to Marcia, Cody is in a state of identity:
1) achievement.
2) diffusion.
3) commitment.
4) moratorium.

diffusion.

Curtis loves to garden, but his arthritis makes it difficult. Now he limits the plants he tends to those that do not require much maintenance. This is an example of:
1) assimilation.
2) optimization.
3) compensation.
4) selection.

selection.

Which of the following BEST summarizes the results of the major longitudinal studies of personality development?
1) Personality changes considerably throughout the adult years.
2) Personality is well developed by age 30 and rarely changes after this age.
3) The extent of personality change over time is fairly consistent for the population as a whole.
4) Over time, some aspects of personality change, while others remain stable.

Over time, some aspects of personality change, while others remain stable.

According to Marcia, adolescents who have not explored meaningful alternatives or made any commitments are in a state of identity:
1) diffusion.
2) foreclosure.
3) moratorium.
4) achievement.

diffusion.

What is the charge of the novice phase in Levinson’s theory?
1) social relationship development
2) development of a dream and free experimentation and testing this dream in the real world
3) determining realistic goals
4) striving toward stability

development of a dream and free experimentation and testing this dream in the real world

According to Marcia, a period of identity development during which the individual is exploring alternatives is:
1) commitment.
2) crisis.
3) possible self appraisal.
4) idealism training.

crisis.

The "MAMA" cycle is:
1) the phenomenon in which young adults look to their parents to make difficult decisions for them in various areas of identity.
2) the possibility that an individual may work through crisis and commitment in any given area of identity more than once.
3) direct coercion or subtle pressure from parents for an individual to make a particular identity choice.
4) the phenomenon in which young adults do not feel pressure to make identity choices and remain in a state of identity diffusion for long periods of time.

the possibility that an individual may work through crisis and commitment in any given area of identity more than once.

Thora loves to paint but realizes her fine-motor movement is not what it used to be. She now paints in the morning when she experiences fewer tremors and makes sure to go slowly working on her projects. This is an example of:
1) selection.
2) optimization.
3) accommodation.
4) assimilation.

optimization.

Kristina is looking forward to participating in the mock election debate at school. She has strong opinions on school issues and feels confident that she can communicate her stance to others. Kristina has a sense of:
1) commitment.
2) achievement.
3) connectedness.
4) individuality.

individuality.

Judy reminisces about when her children were young. She reveals to her daughter that she often felt tired and discouraged during those times. Seeing her children as parents helps Judy to realize that she was and is a good mother. This is an aspect of Judy’s:
1) life review.
2) identity achievement.
3) possible self-fulfillment.
4) identity diffusion.

life review.

Yves had a tumultuous adolescence. As a young adult, he isolates himself from peers and family. According to Erikson, Yves emerged from his adolescent crisis as:
1) identity confused.
2) independent.
3) stagnated.
4) mistrusting.

identity confused.

Maria is experiencing identity confusion. Which of the following statements describes Maria?
1) She is withdrawn and isolated from her family and friends.
2) She is immersed in her friends and equates her identity with the crowd.
3) She has a sense of self that is inconsistent and generally unacceptable to others.
4) All of these are possible descriptions of an adolescent with identity confusion.

All of these are possible descriptions of an adolescent with identity confusion.

Twenty-month-old Michael is placed in front of a mirror with a spot of rouge on his nose. Michael will MOST likely:
1) touch his nose in attempt to wipe off the spot.
2) touch the mirror in attempt to wipe the spot off of his nose.
3) wave and point to the child in the mirror.
4) look to his mother for assurance that the child in the mirror is okay.

touch his nose in attempt to wipe off the spot.

Which of the following is an example of how a 5-year-old child might perceive a friend in terms of psychological traits?
1) My friend lives over there.
2) My friend has brown hair.
3) My friend is funny.
4) My friend is short.

My friend is funny

According to Cooper, self-assertion and separateness are two dimensions of:
1) foreclosure.
2) achievement.
3) individuality.
4) connectedness.

individuality.

Leslie recalls her painful divorce. At the time, she felt like a failure but now realizes that many aspects of her life improved as a result of this challenge. She is participating in a(n):
1) identity achievement.
2) identity diffusion.
3) possible self review.
4) life review.

life review.

Which of the following is an enduring aspect of the self that includes a sense of membership in an ethnic group, along with the attitudes and feelings related to that membership?
1) multiculturalism
2) ethnic diffusion
3) ethnic identity
4) cultural assimilation

ethnic identity

Carol Gilligan criticized Kohlberg’s theory for:
1) emphasizing relationships and concern for others.
2) discounting the justice perspective and female reasoning patterns.
3) discounting the care perspective and female reasoning patterns.
4) minimizing cultural traditions and practices.

discounting the care perspective and female reasoning patterns.

An experimenter pretends to hurt her knee in front of a child to see how the child reacts to another’s emotional response. This experimenter is studying:
1) temptation.
2) delay of gratification.
3) empathy.
4) conscience.

empathy

An older adult is highly involved in the church and feels that religion plays an important role in leading a meaningful and contented life. This older adult is MOST likely a(n):
1) non-Latino White woman
2) non-Latino White man
3) African American woman
4) African American man

African American woman

Hector became a police officer, because he believes that members of society prosper from understanding social order, law, justice, and duty. On what moral level does he reason?
1) preconventional
2) conventional
3) postconventional
4) heteronomous

conventional

According to Damon (1988), where culturally specific practices take on profound ethical significance, the moral development of children focuses extensively on adherence to:
1) political law.
2) upholding individual choices.
3) customs or conventions.
4) familial loyalty.

customs or conventions.

Critics of Kohlberg say that his evaluations measure __________, but that the true test of morality is __________.
1) moral competency/moral performance
2) heteronomous reasoning/autonomous reasoning
3) adherence to social conventions/practice of moral rules
4) ego ideals/id actions

moral competency/moral performance

How is Kohlberg’s theory culturally biased?
1) Many people in non-Western cultures do not achieve the higher stages of moral development.
2) In some cultures, high level moral reasoning derives from different values than those that form the basis of Kohlberg’s claims.
3) Some cultures do not recognize the idea of morality but, rather, think in terms of individual survival.
4) Kohlberg’s theory is not culturally biased. It captures the essence of moral thinking in all cultures.

In some cultures, high level moral reasoning derives from different values than those that form the basis of Kohlberg’s claims.

What main method did Kohlberg use to evaluate moral reasoning?
1) interviews about personal moral behavior
2) interviews about moral dilemma stories
3) multisetting observation
4) standardized testing

interviews about moral dilemma stories

In the contemporary perspective on moral development, what contributes to children’s moral development?
1) parents’ modeled standards and behaviors
2) biological predisposition
3) rewarding positive feelings and punishing negative feelings
4) extrinsic rewards and punishments

rewarding positive feelings and punishing negative feelings

Situation-specific ethical behavior is known as:
1) autonomous reasoning.
2) moral competence.
3) moral performance.
4) heteronomous reasoning

moral performance.

Allan is visiting a country where it is illegal to give money to panhandlers, but he feels such pangs of conscience that he ignores the law and gives freely to the impoverished children begging for food. Which moral stage does this demonstrate?
1) individualism, instrumental purpose, and exchange
2) mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity
3) social systems morality
4) universal ethical principles

universal ethical principles

Age-inappropriate actions and attitudes that violate family expectations, societal norms, and personal or property rights of others describe:
1) a conduct disorder.
2) juvenile delinquency.
3) power assertion.
4) ego-destruction.

a conduct disorder.

Young children believe that when a rule is broken, punishment will follow inevitably. This is a belief in:
1) immanent justice.
2) moral justice.
3) concrete imperatives.
4) authoritative control.

immanent justice.

Jessica knocks over a vase containing flowers but blames her infant sister for the mess. Jessica believes:
1) that punishment is dependent on the amount of damage.
2) in autonomous morality.
3) that punishment is dependent on the intent of the perpetrator.
4) in immanent justice.

in immanent justice

Some studies show a positive link between religion and health. Which of the following is NOT part of the evidence that shows a positive association between religious participation and health?
1) increased chance for longevity
2) lowered rates of diabetes
3) lowered blood pressure and hypertension
4) higher self-rated health and lower risk of depression

lowered rates of diabetes

Thirteen-year-old Rilie sneaks out of the house often. She and her friends destroy property, drink alcohol, and smoke cigarettes. Rilie’s therapist has diagnosed her with:
1) explosive anger disorder.
2) difficult temperament.
3) attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
4) conduct disorder.

conduct disorder.

Which of the following statements represents a criticism of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development?
1) Too much emphasis on the influence of environment in moral development.
2) Too much emphasis on the biological underpinnings of moral development.
3) Action, not thought, is demonstrative of moral level.
4) Thought, not action, is demonstrative of moral level.

Action, not thought, is demonstrative of moral level.

Which of the following cognitive factors is NOT linked with juvenile delinquency?
1) low self-control
2) low intelligence
3) lack of sustained attention
4) low self-esteem

low self-esteem

Mack’s brother suggests they change the rules of the game they are playing. Mack protests and insists that rule changing is not allowed. Mack is:
1) meting out immanent justice.
2) an autonomous thinker.
3) a heteronomous thinker.
4) a type A personality.

a heteronomous thinker.

Which of the following is a criticism of Kohlberg’s assessment of moral thought?
1) When asked to list the important value issues in the dilemmas, many children do not understand the terms used.
2) Kohlberg’s dilemmas focus too much on broad interpersonal relationships and not enough on situations involving authority.
3) Kohlberg’s hypothetical dilemmas do not match everyday life quandaries.
4) When asked to recall their own ethical dilemmas, adults often lied about their own actions.

Kohlberg’s hypothetical dilemmas do not match everyday life quandaries.

Matt and Tamela reward good behavior and ignore bad behavior when possible. When punishment is required, they calmly employ techniques like time-out and verbal reasoning. Which of Baumrind’s parenting styles do Matt and Tamela employ?
1) neglectful
2) authoritative
3) indulgent
4) authoritarian

authoritative

Much of adolescent-parent conflict is born of a need to balance:
1) friends and family.
2) autonomy and attachment.
3) school and social activities.
4) work experience and academic success.

autonomy and attachment.

Ray and his sister are in their 50s and have a close relationship. Research on sibling relationships suggests that:
1) later sibling relationships cannot be predicted by looking at early sibling relationships.
2) a close childhood sibling relationship is positively correlated to a close sibling relationship later in life.
3) a tumultuous sibling relationship in childhood often turns close in adulthood.
4) a close childhood sibling relationship is negatively correlated to a close sibling relationship later in life.

a close childhood sibling relationship is positively correlated to a close sibling relationship later in life.

Which of the following is TRUE of marital satisfaction?
1) Marital satisfaction is not correlated with parenting competence.
2) Individuals in happy marriages tend to live longer than those in unhappy relationships.

3) People in happy marriages are likely to be more emotionally and physically tired because of the added strain of caring so deeply for another individual.
4) People in unhappy marriages are less likely to get sick, because they often receive therapy for stress reduction.

Individuals in happy marriages tend to live longer than those in unhappy relationships

Kelly’s mother assures that after Kelly and Tom have children, their marital discord will fade as they concentrate on raising a baby. Kelly’s mother is:
1) perpetuating one of the common myths about parenting.
2) helping Kelly identify the reason for her marital dissatisfaction.
3) giving Kelly good advice about how to solve marital dissatisfaction.
4) correctly summarizing the research on the influence of children on marital satisfaction

perpetuating one of the common myths about parenting.

Corporal punishment by parents is associated with all of the following EXCEPT:
1) higher levels of immediate compliance.
2) higher levels of long-term compliance.
3) child aggression.
4) emotional and adjustment problems in children.

higher levels of long-term compliance.

Which of the following is an advantage of having children early (in their 20s)?
1) The mother is likely to have fewer medical problems.
2) Parents will have more physical energy.
3) Parents are less likely to set rigid expectations for their children.
4) all of these

all of these

Jeff and Amber demand respect and immediate obedience from their children. They use spanking as a primary form of punishment. Which of Baumrind’s parenting styles do Jeff and Amber employ?
1) authoritative
2) neglectful
3) indulgent
4) authoritarian

authoritarian

Heather is dating seventeen-year-old Tyler, who was severely maltreated as a child. Heather is at risk for which of the following?
1) low self-esteem
2) Tyler’s abusive behaviors
3) Tyler’s overprotective behaviors
4) depression and self-abusive behaviors

Tyler’s abusive behaviors

One benefit of everyday adolescent-parent conflict is that it:
1) teaches adolescents that their parents are not perfect.
2) helps adolescents become more autonomous.
3) convinces adolescents that their parents are wiser than they had supposed.
4) teaches adolescents how to be more effective in the way they argue.

helps adolescents become more autonomous.

Which of the following is an advantage of having children later (in their 30s)?
1) The mother is likely to have fewer medical problems.
2) Parents will have more physical energy.
3) Parents are likely to be more mature.
4) Women are happy to take a break from their careers

Parents are likely to be more mature.

Steven now recognizes the signs indicating that his infant daughter needs a nap. This is an example of:
1) reciprocal socialization.
2) scaffolding.
3) launching.
4) a mutual dyad.

reciprocal socialization.

Which of the following is an important contribution of great grandparents?
1) They can afford to assist their great-grandchildren financially.
2) They provide childcare for dual career families.
3) They give parenting advice.
4) They can transmit family history.

They can transmit family history.

Beverly pats her grandchildren on the head when they arrive for an infrequent visit and reminds her daughter to keep them out of the living room. What type of grandparent is Beverly?
1) fun-seeking
2) formal
3) distant
4) emotionally abusive

distant

Christie allows her children many freedoms with very few limits and believes their creativity will be enhanced this way. Her children lack self-control and are domineering with peers. Which of Baumrind’s parenting styles does Christie employ?
1) neglectful
2) indulgent
3) authoritative
4) authoritarian

indulgent

Scott and Kristine have decided to live together. Which of the following is TRUE regarding their situation?
1) If they break up, it will be easier to divide property and possessions than if they were married.
2) Their relationship is likely to be more equal than that of a married couple.
3) They will find it easier to buy a house together than married couples.
4) If they marry later, the marriage is likely to last longer than if they had not cohabitated

Their relationship is likely to be more equal than that of a married couple.

Hope and Faith are sisters who are very different and quarrel often. What can we expect of their future relationship?
1) As soon as they leave home, the competition for love and attention will diminish and they will develop a psychological closeness.
2) They will develop a psychological closeness after each marries.
3) They will develop a psychological closeness after each has children
4) Their relationship will likely remain strained, as it is rare for closeness between siblings to develop for the first time in adulthood.

Their relationship will likely remain strained, as it is rare for closeness between siblings to develop for the first time in adulthood.

Which of the following neighborhood characteristics is NOT linked with child maltreatment?
1) access to support networks
2) high crime rate
3) overcrowding
4) pervasive access to alcohol outlets

access to support networks

Emily is an emerging adult and has moved out of her childhood home and into an apartment near her college campus. Which of the following is TRUE regarding her relationship with her parents?
1) She will most likely feel compelled to comply with parental expectations.
2) She will most likely cut off ties completely.
3) She will most likely grow closer psychologically to her parents.
4) She will most likely continue to relate to her parents on a child-to-parent basis.

She will most likely grow closer psychologically to her parents.

When individuals experienced the divorce of their parents in childhood and adolescence, they were more likely to:
1) have low levels of education in adulthood.
2) have unstable intimate relationships.
3) engage in risky behaviors during their youth.
4) all of these

all of these

Kenna and Maren play "store" together and use blocks and boxes for shelves and goods for sale. They are engaged in which type of play?
1) sensorimotor
2) social
3) pretense/symbolic
4) games

pretense/symbolic

Ash doesn’t have a close friend. What is a likely outcome of this circumstance?
1) abnormally close relationship with a sibling or parent
2) increased susceptibility to peer pressure
3) social independence
4) loneliness and reduced sense of self-worth

loneliness and reduced sense of self-worth

Mr. Carter will retire next month. He has slowly been removing his mark from the company as well as lessening his interest and activity in the community. This is an example of the pattern predicted by which theory of aging?
1) activity
2) disengagement
3) socioemotional selectivity
4) social breakdown-reconstruction

disengagement

Candie is a cheerleader. She hangs out with the "in crowd," but many of her peers don’t like her. What is Candie’s peer status?
1) popular
2) controversial
3) rejected
4) neglected

controversial

Cultures that value self-actualization, self-awareness, self-efficacy, and the like are labeled:
1) collectivistic.
2) masculine.
3) individualistic.
4) feminine.

individualistic.

Cultures that value harmonious relationships and interdependence of members are labeled:
1) collectivistic.
2) masculine.
3) individualistic.
4) feminine.

collectivistic.

Kael is participating in a social skills group that focuses on correctly interpreting and appropriately acting on peer input information. Kael is most likely a(n):
1) average child.
2) rejected child.
3) popular child.
4) controversial child.

rejected child.

Not all friendships are healthy or positive. Which of the following friend characteristics is NOT developmentally advantageous?
1) socially skilled
2) academic
3) coercive
4) supportive

coercive

Eddie’s childhood is marked with persistent and long-standing poverty. He is most likely exposed to which of the following?
1) environmental toxins
2) family turmoil
3) exposure to violence
4) all of these

all of these

Brent and Kegan are about the same age and maturity level. They are:
1) friends.
2) peers.
3) classmates.
4) siblings.

peers

Research shows that children who are isolated from or rejected by peers may be:
1) more obedient to adults.
2) prone to depression.
3) more socially competent.
4) unhappy as children but happier-than-average in midlife.

prone to depression.

Two friends are getting together to play golf. They are most likely:
1) female and will spend their time trying to win the game.
2) female and will spend their time engaged in personal/intimate conversation.
3) male and will spend their time trying to win the game.
4) male and will spend their time engaged in personal/intimate conversation

male and will spend their time trying to win the game.

Sam is participating in a social skills group that focuses on teaching the children how to join in with peers and make friends. Sam is most likely a(n):
1) average child.
2) popular child.
3) controversial child.
4) neglected child.

neglected child.

Which of the following is increasingly reducing children’s time for play?
1) institutional activities
2) interactions with grandparents
3) electronic media
4) chores and work-related activities

electronic media

Charlie is well liked by many of his peers. He has high self-esteem, controls his temper, and is generally cheerful. What is Charlie’s peer status?
1) popular
2) controversial
3) average
4) neglected

popular

Freud and Erikson believe that play helps children:
1) enhance cognitive development.
2) explore the environment.
3) master anxieties and conflicts.
4) increase affiliation with peers.

master anxieties and conflicts

Nan holds the remote control to her ear and pretends to speak on the phone. In which of Bergen’s play types is she engaged?
1) pretense/symbolic
2) social
3) games
4) parallel

pretense/symbolic

The double disadvantage suffered by ethnic minority individuals consists of:
1) the lack of clear rites of passage and identity confusion.
2) diversity and difference.
3) prejudice and poverty.
4) bias and assimilation.

prejudice and poverty

Which two factors appear to be associated with greater poverty in old age?
1) health and marital status
2) years of work and type of employer
3) sex and ethnicity
4) number of children and savings

sex and ethnicity

Which peer status group includes children who are not disliked by peers but who don’t have best friends or regular group of friends?
1) rejected
2) neglected
3) average
4) controversial

neglected

Most physicians define death as the cessation of function in the __________ portion of the brain.
1) lower
2) middle
3) higher
4) higher and lower

higher

Euthanasia that occurs when death is deliberately induced is termed:
1) passive.
2) active.
3) overt.
4) covert.

active.

Harold is 79. He lives alone, recently lost his spouse, and has high blood pressure and other health problems. Harold is at risk for which of the following?
1) loneliness
2) depression
3) suicide
4) all of these

all of these

SIDS refers to death of an infant:
1) who had severe neurological injuries.
2) from virulent salmonella infection.
3) from septic intravenous respiratory failure.
4) with no apparent health problems.

with no apparent health problems.

Holly’s friend, Lori, died 3 years ago. Holly suffers from sleep problems, restlessness, and irritability. She often weeps uncontrollably because she misses Lori so much. Which of the following is TRUE of Holly’s grieving process?
1) She is recovering quickly from her friend’s death.
2) She is still moving through the stages of grief and will recover within the next year.
3) She is as recovered as one can hope to be from the death of a loved one.
4) She is experiencing "prolonged grief" and may benefit from therapy.

She is experiencing "prolonged grief" and may benefit from therapy.

When higher cortical functioning is lost, what aspects of life are gone?
1) electrical brain activity
2) feeling in lower extremities
3) respiration and heartbeat
4) intelligence and personality

intelligence and personality

Kay knows the end is near. She is calm and ready to let go of her earthly cares. Which of Kübler-Ross’s stages of grief does this illustrate?
1) depression
2) tolerance
3) denial
4) acceptance

acceptance

During which life stage is suicide the highest?
1) adolescence
2) young adulthood
3) middle adulthood
4) 85 years and older

85 years and older

Grief is a:
1) term interchangeable with pining.
2) simple emotional state.
3) reaction to death that lasts anywhere from three to nine months as defined by the DSM-IV-TR.
4) complex, evolving process with multiple dimensions including separation anxiety, pining, and sadness.

complex, evolving process with multiple dimensions including separation anxiety, pining, and sadness.

If all electrical activity of the brain has ceased for a specified period of time, an individual is:
1) brain dead.
2) biologically dead.
3) psychologically dead.
4) dead.

brain dead.

Calvin is contemplating immanent death after failed attempts to cure his condition. He cries frequently and often refuses visitors. Which of Kübler-Ross’s stages of grief does this illustrate?
1) anger
2) depression
3) bargaining
4) acceptance

depression

Dr. Jack Kevorkian is well known for his support of and participation in:
1) the cortical death policy.
2) California’s Natural Death Act.
3) passive euthanasia.
4) active euthanasia.

active euthanasia.

Studies of the diversity of grieving patterns within and among cultures indicate that:
1) it is best to break bonds with the dead person as quickly as possible after a funeral.
2) prolonged contemplation of a close person’s death leads to the best adjustment.
3) belief in an afterlife affords the most comfort in dealing with death.
4) there is no one, best way to grieve.

there is no one, best way to grieve.

Lou has decided not to communicate his intent to commit suicide. He is likely a(n):
1) older adult.
2) middle-aged adult.
3) younger adult.
4) adolescent.

older adult.

Edie’s daughter was killed in a car crash nearly 2 years ago. Since her daughter’s death, Edie has been unable to cope and move forward with her life. She feels numb and detached and says that life has no meaning. Edie is experiencing:
1) prolonged grief.
2) disenfranchised grief.
3) healthy grief.
4) denial.

prolonged grief.

Hospice is a program designed to:
1) cure illness and prolong life.
2) make the end of life as free from pain and anxiety as possible.
3) provide a place where people with no living relatives can die.
4) lower the cost of medical care by competing with hospitals.

make the end of life as free from pain and anxiety as possible.

Which of the following refers to individuals’ rights to determine whether extraordinary means should be used to keep them alive?
1) euthanasia
2) durable power of attorney
3) allowing termination of life-support in the event of brain death
4) living will

living will

Marilyn suffers a severe stroke and irreversible brain damage. Her husband decides to remove all life support and subsequently, Marilyn dies. This is an example of:
1) active euthanasia.
2) passive euthanasia.
3) apathetic euthanasia.
4) acceptable homicide.

passive euthanasia

Harold knows he will not live much longer. He asks God to prolong his life promising to make amends with his estranged children. Which of Kübler-Ross’s stages of grief does this illustrate:
1) acceptance
2) bargaining
3) denial
4) anger

bargaining

What is the highest cause of infant death in the United States?
1) sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
2) birth defects
3) secondhand smoke
4) car accidents

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

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