The minute ventilation is _______. |
calculated by multiplying the rate of respiration times TV |
Under normal conditions, the forced expiratory volume is normally _______. |
75 - 85% of the vital capacity |
When the radius of the airway was decreased, _______. |
expiratory reserve volume decreased |
During forced exhalation, _______. |
the internal intercostals contract |
When the diaphragm contracts, _______. |
it flattens out |
Which of the following is a passive process? |
expiration |
What is the driving force for the movement of air into the lungs? |
the pressure gradient |
Which of the following describes the volume of air exhaled during passive breathing? |
tidal volume |
What is the difference between TLC and VC? |
TLC includes RV. |
Which of the following is(are) obstructive conditions? |
emphysema and an acute asthma attack |
Which of the following resulted in an increase in tidal volume above the normal value? |
moderate exercise |
A normal FEV1% was seen with _______. |
acute asthma attack plus inhaler |
With an acute asthma attack, ________________ increased when compared to normal values. |
RV |
Why is normal exhalation passive? |
Respiratory muscles are relaxing and elastic tissue in the lungs recoils. |
With emphysema, the muscles that contract with normal exhalation include which of the following? |
internal intercostals and abdominal muscles |
During an acute asthma attack, the obstruction is caused by _______. |
bronchiole smooth muscle spasms |
Which of the following would increase with exercise? |
tidal volume, frequency of breathing and minute volume |
Which amount of surfactant resulted in the greatest amount of airflow? |
4 |
How did the pressure in the left intrapleural cavity change when the valve was opened? |
It went from a negative number to zero and the pressure in the intrapleural cavity equalized with the atmospheric pressure |
How did the total air flow in this trial differ from that in the previous trial in which the pleural cavities were intact? |
It was cut in half. |
Without surfactant, _______. |
the surface tension of the liquid in the alveoli would be greater and the alveoli would collapse |
The pressure in the pleural cavity is called the _______. |
intrapleural pressure |
The pressure in the pleural cavity is _______. |
less than the pressure in the alveoli and less than atmospheric pressure |
In this activity, the pressure in the pleural cavity would be located _______. |
between the bell jar and the outer wall of the lung |