physical anthro ch.12

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In the study of human evolution, scientists define modern in terms of:

a series of distinctive anatomical traits that contrast with archaic traits from earlier hominins

Modern humans have:

a high vertical forehead, a round and tall skull, and small browridges

Broken Hill, Dali, and Atapuerca are sites where specimens of _______ have been discovered.

Archaic Homo sapiens

Archaic Homo sapiens:

Shows a mixture of Homo erectus and Homo sapiens traits

The last Neandertals date to:

32,000 yBP

To date, the majority of Neandertal fossils have been found in:

Europe and western Asia.

Analyses of modern human genetic variation indicate that Homo sapiens may have evolved approximately:

200,000 yBP

Traits of anatomically modern humans include:

an average cranial capacity of 1,500 cc.

Anatomically modern human fossils were discovered in the European Upper Paleolithic site of:

Cro-Magnon, France.

The people represented by the Denisova fossils likely:

Share a common ancestor with Neandertals

The multiregional continuity hypothesis supposes that:

The transition to modernity took place regionally and without involving replacement

In Atapeura 5, early archaic Homo sapiens and Neandertal specimens show heavy wear on the incisors and canines, indicating:

The use of the front teeth for gripping materials

Neandertals’ cold-adapted traits include:

A projecting midface

The oldest Neandertal site dates to _______, at _______.

130,000 yBP; Krapina, Croatia

The European archeological period that is marked by a great increase in technology and various kinds of art starting about 35,000 yBP is called the:

Upper Paleolithic period

The Middle Paleolithic is associated with _______ tools, which Neandertals produced.

Mousterian

The Levallois method of stone tool production is associated with the:

Mousterin.

The Middle Paleolithic prepared-core stone tools that are associated with Neandertals are called:

Mousterian.

The best fossil evidence to suggest that Neandertals could produce a language like that of modern humans comes from which bone(s) collected at Kebara, Israel?

The hyoid

Painted perforated shells are evidence that Neandertals:

Used body ornaments

Compared to modern Homo sapiens, archaic Homo sapiens has:

-A taller and wider nasal aperture, a more projecting occipital bone, larger teeth, and no chin -A longer and lower skull, a larger browridge, and a bigger and more projecting face.

The Neandertals’ disappearance after 30,000 yBP likely resulted from their:

Assimilation

The discovery of modern/archaic hybrid fossils supports which model of modern human origins?

Assimilation

All fossils of archaic Homo sapiens and earlier Homo erectus show:

-Continued reduction in skeletal robusticity and tooth size -Expansion of the brain and increased cultural complexity

The Herto skulls from Ethiopia:

Have a combination of archaic and modern features

The fossils called Homo floresiensis were dated to:

18,000 yBP

Human beings first arrived in the Americas approximately:

15,000 yBP

The Homo floresiensis specimen:

Fits Allen’s rule in body proportions

According to John Relethford, the most likely reasons for modern humans to have migrated out of Africa during the late Pleistocene include:

-Loss of food supply -Climate change

The earliest archaeological evidence of humans in Australia is from _______, dating to _______.

Lake Mungo; 40,000 yBP

A distinctive trait of people from East Asia and the Americas is:

Shovel-shaped incisors

Early Native Americans used which distinctive fluted spear points to hunt large-bodied Ice Age mammals?

Clovis points

The morphology of the Paleoindian skull from Kennewick indicates that it:

Looks quite different from modern Native Americans’ skulls

A hominid fossil that has a long, low skull, projecting face and occipital bone, and large nasal aperture is likely to be classified as having _______ characteristics.

Archaic

While on an archaeological dig in Europe, you find a stone tool that is rounded on one side and has had flakes removed from the other side, giving it the appearance of a tortoise shell. This is likely
to be a(n):

none of the above

Allen’s and Bergmann’s rules are perfect examples of natural selection’s effects on anatomical adaptations to environments in mammals. These include the limb and trunk proportions of:

Neandertals, modern human populations, and most mammals

Sub-Saharan Africans show the largest genetic diversity of any human population. This is likely to have resulted from the:

Accumulations of genetic mutations over time

The most distinctive traits about the cold adaptation complex of Neandertals are:

The body and the length of the arms and legs.

The transition to fully modern Homo sapiens was completed globally by about:

25,000 yBP

The out-of-Africa model asserts:

A single origin of modern people and eventual replacement of archaic Homo sapiens throughout Africa, Asia, and Europe

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