Personal Health Skills

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Describe internal factors of decision making.

Internal factors that affect decision making include attitude, emotions, and ethics. Attitude is how you react when faced with making a decision. It is best to have a positive attitude because it often helps one see more options as well as make decision making easier. Next, decisions can also be made based on how you feel. This emotional decision making can lead to poor decisions or roadblocks and should generally be avoided. The last factor is ethics. Ethics influence the way you live and an ethically motivated person will make decisions based on what they believe is just and fair. Values, goals, and priorities are the foundation upon which wise decisions are made.

Every decision has consequences.

T

Economic factors in decision making fall under the category of __________.
A. external factors
B. internal factors
C. decision impacts
D. consequence types

A

One reason poor decisions are often made is because of impulsiveness.

T

Describe the key factors in correcting a poor decision.

Stop-Think-Go. Stop and admit that you made a poor decision and don’t cast blame on others. Think about whom you can talk to and discuss options to correct the situation. Go and do your best to correct the problem, which includes leaving the situation if necessary, reporting unsafe situations, and apologizing to those you have hurt.

Why are poor decisions made?

Poor decisions are made when people have poor decision-making skills, when they do not consider the consequences of their decisions, when they do not understand all the factors involved in decisions, when they make decisions based on emotion, or when they make decisions impulsively.

When making decisions, you should not worry about how your decision will affect others.

F

How can a decision impact others?

Every decision has consequences that affect the person making the decision as well as others involved. These consequences can be immediate or long-lasting. The consequences of decisions can be positive, negative, or a combination of both.

Which of these is NOT a routine decision?
A. what time to go to bed at night
B. deciding to end a relationship
C. what to have for dinner
D. what to wear to school

B

Describe the decision-making process STRONG.

S: State the issue. What decisions need to be made? T: Think about your list of options. What’s important? Are there possible alternatives? R: Rate the consequences for each option (HELP). O: Organize your thoughts. Reflect on your values. N: Narrow down the possibilities to one and act on it. G: Go over your decision. Did you achieve the desired outcome? Do you need to make changes?

Which of the following is NOT true of correcting poor decisions?
A. Correcting a poor decision can be difficult.
B. Correcting a poor decision will allow you to feel better in the long run.
C. Correcting a poor decision helps in taking responsibility for actions.
D. Correcting a poor decision will make you more popular in school.

D

Once you have come to a decision, you should "go" over it and __________.
A. determine if you need to make changes
B. determine if there were unintended consequences
C. determine if the outcome was intended
D. all of the above

D

Embarrassment or humiliation can be a consequence of poor decision making.

T

When you "Rate," or analyze, the consequences of your decisions, HELP can assist you with which of the following?
A. identifying what is most important
B. evaluating the consequences of decisions
C. determining what decision needs to be made
D. narrowing the possibilities and acting on the best one

B

To develop good alternatives, one should brainstorm ideas and consider different perspectives.

T

When deciding whether to take prescription drugs that are not intended for you, what step of the STRONG process is being employed?
A. "State the issue"
B. "Think"
C. "Rate"
D. "Narrow"

A

You cannot change a decision in the STRONG process after you have made it.

F

Students should only talk to friends when struggling to make a decision rather than a parent, teacher, or school counselor.

F

Which of the following is a characteristic of making good decisions?
A. acting impulsively
B. not following a decision-making process
C. overlooking the impact on others
D. carefully analyzing the decision

D

Thinking about and listing one’s options in the process of decision making include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. identifying possible alternative outcomes
B. predicting what friends will think
C. determining what is most important
D. thinking about what choices could be made

B

What is the purpose of an action plan?

An action plan can identify ways that milestones and short-term goals can be reached while working toward a long-term goal.

Why is it important to set realistic goals?

Setting realistic goals is important because it keeps an individual’s motivation up. An individual who sets unrealistic goals is more likely to become discouraged through the process and is therefore more likely to give up on the goal. By setting realistic goals, an individual can maintain motivation and stick to established timelines, culminating in the successful completion of a goal.

Which of the following is NOT a necessary step to effectively prioritize goals?
A. determining a set of tasks for each goal
B. deciding which goals are most important
C. outlining goals
D. organizing goals into categories

A

Explain the process of creating an effective list of tasks to accomplish a goal.

Tasks are activities that must be done on a daily or recurring basis in order to accomplish a goal. An individual who wishes to accomplish a goal must determine what tasks must be completed in order to reach the goal. An effective list of tasks will include the necessary steps an individual should take to reach the desired goal. For example, a student wishing to obtain a driver’s license might set tasks for practicing driving, taking practice written tests for the driving exam, and reviewing the driving laws.

Summarize the main steps an individual should take when developing an action plan.

The first step in developing an action plan is to clarify the goal by visualizing an outcome, determining the goal’s measurability, and by looking at possible difficulties that may arise in pursuing the goal. The second step is to create a list of possible actions by brainstorming as many ideas as possible. After this brainstormed list is developed, it should be analyzed and prioritized so that only the essential actions remain. These essential actions should be organized into a plan of sequenced steps. Finally, the plan should be monitored and reviewed to determine its effectiveness toward reaching a goal. If it can be improved, the plan should be adjusted to optimize results.

Explain why it is important to create measurable goals.

It is important to create measurable goals in order to determine the point at which the goal has been achieved. Also, a measurable goal can help improve motivation by allowing an individual to effectively track progress toward meeting the goal. This step-by-step tracking can also help an individual create a more efficient plan to achieve a goal, thereby increasing the likelihood that it will be achieved.

What is the MOST likely consequence of setting unrealistic goals?
A. The individual will achieve a result greater than expected.
B. The individual will experience greater motivation toward reaching the goal.
C. The individual will become discouraged and stop working toward the goal.
D. The individual will reach the goal, but be discouraged from making any goals in the future.

C

The purpose of an action plan is to __________.
A. prioritize goals
B. map out milestones and goals
C. organize goals into categories
D. reduce the number of goals

B

Why is it important that goals be measurable?
A. It is easier to determine when a measurable goal is met than an unmeasurable one.
B. Motivation is improved when progress is measurable.
C. Having measurable goals increases the likelihood that the goals will be attained.
D. all of the above

D

Which of the following tasks would least help an individual achieve a goal to safely lose weight?
A. finding an exercise partner
B. buying newer, smaller clothes
C. adopting a daily exercise regimen
D. establishing healthy eating habits

B

Modifying your personal action plan can impede personal fitness goals.

F

Once an action plan is in place, it should not be changed.

F

Which of the following is an example of a healthy short-term goal?
A. bench press an additional 100 pounds
B. lose 40 pounds
C. eat nutritious meals
D. improve grades from one academic year to the next

C

Which of the following is the most important step in the process of setting goals?
A. brainstorming
B. devising a way to achieve the goals
C. determining a long list of goals
D. measuring progress toward achieving goals

B

Personal action plans should not be flexible and cannot be modified.

F

How does setting a specific timeframe in which to complete a goal increase the chances of the goal being met?
A. It creates accountability by establishing deadlines.
B. It allows a goal-setter to say "I’ll reach that goal when I get to it."
C. It allows a goal-setter to establish unrealistic goals.
D. It does not allow short-term goals to feed into a larger goal.

A

Describe the key steps for maintaining healthy skin.

Healthy skin is the result of eating a healthy diet, washing frequently, avoiding oily products, and resisting the temptation to pick at skin blemishes.

Give a summary of the guidelines for using sunscreen to prevent overexposure.

Be sure to buy sunscreen of at least 15 SPF and apply it to all areas of the skin that will be exposed to sunlight at least 20 minutes before going outside. Generally, sunscreen should be reapplied every 2 hours. If you exercise moderately, sweat, or swim during that time, you should reapply more often.

What is the purpose of the sweat glands in our skin?

Sweat glands secrete liquid onto the surface of the skin when our body temperature rises. When the sweat evaporates, the skin and the body are cooled.

One factor that can increase sensitivity to sunlight is genetics.

T

Describe steps you can take if you have difficulty falling asleep.

Important steps to help people fall asleep include establishing a bedtime routine, making sure your bed is comfortable, blocking out extra light and noise, and exercising regularly.

Eating a well-balanced diet helps to maintain healthy skin.

T

Explain why some people think that indirect sunlight will not cause skin damage.

When there are clouds or a window in between us and the sunlight, it’s common to believe that all the ultraviolet radiation from the sun will be blocked. A large amount of the UV radiation is blocked, but we often make the mistake of staying outside longer on a cloudy day and getting sunburned.

Why does a lack of sleep affect your body’s performance?

Sleep is required for the body to recover from the day’s activities. If you don’t rest the body adequately, the by-products of the previous day will impair your ability to function effectively.

Which of the following is an important hygiene practice for your nails?
A. polish and paint
B. regular trimming
C. moisturizing
D. periodic removal of entire nail

B

Which of the following can be used to limit skin damage from sunlight?
A. sunglasses
B. sunscreen
C. bathing suits
D. baby oil

B

Your hair is composed of live cells that need vitamins and nutrients.

F

What’s the recommend amount of UV protection that sunglasses should provide?
A. 50%
B. 75%
C. 80%
D. 100%

D

Regular visits to the dentist should be scheduled every __________.
A. 3 months
B. 6 months
C. 12 months
D. 18 months

B

If you’re trying to get to sleep, you should NOT __________.
A. think about stressful topics while in bed
B. make sure the bed is comfortable to you
C. have a glass of milk 30 minutes before bedtime
D. spend 10 minutes doing yoga before getting into bed

A

One way to ensure good sleep hygiene is to change your bedtime frequently.

F

Sweat glands that cause odors during puberty are present in the body from the time of birth.

T

What is a common hygiene practice for all parts of the body?
A. shaving
B. regular cleaning
C. brushing
D. moisturizing

B

Which of the following is a healthy bedtime routine?
A. eat a large meal, get into bed, read for 30 minutes
B. take a bath, get into bed, discuss monthly budget and bills
C. take a bath, read for 30 minutes, get into bed
D. read for 30 minutes, get into bed, watch TV for an hour

C

Good personal hygiene can help to develop positive self-esteem.

T

Which of the following steps to developing an action plan includes the process of brainstorming?
A. clarifying the goal
B. listing actions
C. monitoring and reviewing
D. analyzing and organizing

B

Taking impulsive action is the result of making decisions that require a lot of thought.

F

Personal hygiene is an important part of being a responsible person.

T

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