Personal & Community Health Module 1 (Chapters 1)

The health determinant over which we have least control is
A. diet.
B. exercise.
C. tobacco use.
D. family history.

family history

The seven dimensions of wellness
A. affect health independently of each other.
B. are interrelated.
C. seldom influence one another.
D. demonstrate the separateness of mind and body.

are interrelated

The seven dimensions of wellness include all of the following EXCEPT
A. emotional wellness.
B. environmental wellness.
C. spiritual wellness.
D. dietary wellness.

dietary wellness

Which one of the following qualities contributes most to one’s physical wellness?
A. eating well
B. maintaining an optimistic attitude
C. being open to new ideas
D. maintaining satisfying relationships

eating well

Optimism, trust, and self-confidence are components of
A. physical wellness.
B. emotional wellness.
C. spiritual wellness.
D. interpersonal wellness.

emotional wellness

Adam’s parents are not overly concerned about their son’s ability to adapt to college because he has always had a good sense of humor, been curious, and demonstrated an openness to ideas. These qualities are reflective of Adam’s ______ wellness.
A. interpersonal
B. spiritual
C. intellectual
D. emotional

intellectual

Occupational wellness is measured by how much ______ the job offers.
A. money
B. happiness
C. prestige
D. work

happiness

Spiritual wellness is best described as having
A. a strong support network of family and friends.
B. meaning and purpose in one’s life.
C. the ability to express oneself creatively.
D. the ability to share one’s feelings.

meaning and purpose in one’s life

Protecting yourself from exposure to toxic substances in the workplace is an example of promoting ______ wellness.
A. social
B. spiritual
C. intellectual
D. environmental

environmental

If you were born in 1900, your life expectancy was approximately
A. 32 years.
B. 47 years.
C. 62 years.
D. 77 years.

47 years

The average life span in the twentieth century
A. did not change significantly.
B. increased slightly.
C. nearly doubled.
D. nearly tripled

nearly doubled

Which of the following is currently America’s number-one cause of death?
A. cancer
B. heart disease
C. unintentional injuries
D. suicide

heart disease

All of the following are lifestyle choices EXCEPT
A. eating a variety of fruits and vegetables.
B. using a seatbelt.
C. smoking.
D. growing up on a farm.

growing up on a farm

The process of enabling people to increase control over their health and improve their health is
A. disease prevention.
B. environmental wellness.
C. interpersonal wellness.
D. health promotion.

health promotion

In the past 100 years, the major causes of death have shifted from ______ to ______.
A. infectious diseases; chronic diseases
B. accidents; AIDS
C. childbirth; infectious diseases
D. heart disease; cancer

infectious diseases; chronic diseases

The top three causes of death among Americans age 15 to 24 are
A. accidents, homicide, and suicide.
B. smoking, high blood pressure, and suicide.
C. accidents, smoking, and cancer.
D. homicide, cancer, and accidents

accidents, homicide, and suicide

By far, the leading preventable cause of death among Americans is
A. alcohol consumption.
B. poor health care.
C. smoking.
D. careless driving.

smoking

A goal of Healthy People 2020 is to
A. eliminate chronic illnesses.
B. eliminate health disparities among Americans.
C. increase life expectancy beyond 100 years.
D. reduce the profits of health care providers.

eliminate health disparities among Americans

Which of the following statements regarding the health of diverse population groups is correct?
A. American ethnic minorities have higher rates of death and disability than the U.S. population as a whole.
B. Most American ethnic minorities have the same health risks.
C. Overall, Pacific Islanders have the lowest overall death rates.
D. American ethnic minorities have the same rates of death and disability as the U.S. population as a whole.

American ethnic minorities have higher rates of death and disability than the US population as a whole

John, an African American student, has chosen to incorporate exercise into his daily routine and reduce the amount of salt in his diet after finding out that his blood pressure is high. His decision to make these lifestyle changes is most likely based on the following health concerns for African Americans.
A. They have a higher incidence of tuberculosis than males in other population groups.
B. They have higher rates of high blood pressure and obesity.
C. They have higher rates of infant mortality.
D. They have higher suicide rates.

They have higher rates of high blood pressure and obesity

When compared to the general U.S. population, Asian Americans have
A. higher overall death rates.
B. shorter life expectancies.
C. higher rates of sickle cell anemia.
D. lower overall death rates.

lower overall death rates

In the U.S., on average,
A. women live about 15 years longer than men.
B. men live about 15 years longer than women.
C. women live about 5 years longer than men.
D. men live about 5 years longer than women.

women live about five years longer than men

Income and education are closely linked with health status. The ______ the poverty rate and the ______ the education level, the better the health.
A. lower; higher
B. lower; lower
C. higher; higher
D. higher; lower

lower ;higher

People with disabilities are more likely to
A. have cancer.
B. be obese.
C. have HIV.
D. die at a young age.

be obese

Homosexual teens are at greater risk for
A. cancer.
B. obesity.
C. asthma.
D. suicide.

suicide

The most important factor in determining an individual’s level of wellness is
A. genetics.
B. environment.
C. behavior.
D. age.

behavior

The complete set of genetic material in an individual’s cells is referred to as his or her
A. gene.
B. genome.
C. proteome.
D. RNA.

genome

Which of the following are factors that influence wellness?
A. access to health care
B. environment
C. behavior
D. all of these

all of these

The following are all environmental factors, EXCEPT
A. the air you breathe.
B. the water you drink.
C. violence levels in your neighborhood.
D. your genetic makeup.

your genetic makeup

The first step in improving wellness by lifestyle management is to
A. begin with a self-assessment.
B. ask friends what you should improve.
C. ask your family for assistance.
D. reward yourself.

begin with a self-assessment

The behavior one identifies for change is called
A. bad news.
B. enabling behavior.
C. target behavior.
D. predisposed behavior.

target behavior

Part of a successful plan to change an unhealthy behavior is to
A. start small.
B. pick your top three unhealthy behaviors.
C. keep the plan to yourself.
D. choose your most unhealthy behavior.

start small

The least effective plan for starting to change health behavior is one that
A. incorporates rewards for reaching goals.
B. identifies cues to behaviors.
C. makes slow, systematic changes in behavior.
D. attempts to change more than one behavior at the same time.

attempts to change more than one behavior at the same time

Eduardo has identified gambling as a target behavior because it is interfering with his schoolwork. To help him stop this behavior, he may need to
A. find outside help.
B. use a self-management approach.
C. spend more time with his friends.
D. buy a self-help book.

find outside help

A target behavior can best be defined as
A. several bad habits in need of change.
B. a lifelong habit you want to stop immediately.
C. one behavior you want to change.
D. a friend’s behavior that you urge him or her to change.

one behavior you want to change

The belief in one’s ability to be successful in the performance of a given task is termed
A. self-esteem.
B. self-concept.
C. self-efficacy.
D. self-fulfilling prophecy.

self-efficacy

"Your ability to successfully take action and perform specific tasks" defines the term
A. self-efficacy.
B. self-control.
C. self-talk.
D. self-esteem.

self-efficacy

When evaluating health topics on the Internet, check the
A. qualifications of the people behind the site.
B. latest media posts on the topic.
C. testimonials for evidence.
D. blogs first.

qualifications of the people behind the site

Those with an internal locus of control believe that events turn out as they do based on
A. fate.
B. heredity.
C. their actions.
D. luck.

their actions

Donna is about 25 pounds overweight, has tried a variety of diets, and has repeatedly failed to maintain weight loss. She defends her weight with the explanation that most of her relatives are overweight, and none has ever been successful with attempts to lose weight. Donna can best be described as
A. unmotivated.
B. having an external locus of control.
C. having an internal locus of control.
D. a victim of genetics.

have an external locus of control

The technique of visualization is one of the best ways to
A. keep an eye on your future.
B. boost your confidence.
C. improve physical strength.
D. expand your horizons.

boost your confidence

A strategy to increase your chances of success in the pursuit of a new behavior is to
A. rationalize temporary setbacks to minimize feelings of failure.
B. stick with the program even during periods of high stress.
C. find a new behavior to change if you experience a temporary failure.
D. frequently visualize goal attainment and enjoy its benefits.

frequently visualize goal attainment and enjoy its benefits

Barriers to behavior change
A. are signs of failure in the pursuit of a new behavior.
B. should be avoided, if possible, in the pursuit of a new behavior.
C. can be a source of information used to boost your chance of success.
D. often cause us to settle for a level of success that is less than our original goal.

can be a source of information used to boost your chance of success

The most constructive response to a temporary setback in the pursuit of a new behavior is
A. not tolerating temporary failure.
B. increasing rewards to make efforts more worthwhile.
C. accepting the blame for failing if you return to your old behavior.
D. accepting the fact that problems may periodically occur.

accepting the fact that problems may periodically occur

Teresa would like to begin eating healthier and has created a plan of action to help reach that goal. Her study group meets at a fast food restaurant twice a week, and she has asked them to meet at the library instead. Teresa understands that to meet her goal, she needs to
A. reward herself.
B. create a measureable goal.
C. modify her environment.
D. create a realistic time frame.

modify her environment

The precontemplation stage is characterized by
A. an awareness of the problem.
B. a modification of behavior.
C. a belief that there is no need for change.
D. planning for change.

a belief that there is no need for change

During a "stages of change" behavior change program, some people may lapse. If this occurs, the best strategy for them is to
A. learn from the lapse as they cycle back through earlier stages.
B. give up.
C. choose a different behavior for change.
D. start over from the beginning.

learn from the lapse as they cycle back through earlier stages

The order in which a behavior change strategy is implemented is
A. analyze data, monitor behavior, devise a plan of action, set goals, make a contract.
B. monitor behavior, analyze data, set goals, devise a plan of action, make a contract.
C. devise a plan of action, set goals, monitor behavior, analyze data, make a contract.
D. make a contract, set goals, devise a plan of action, monitor behavior, analyze data.

monitor behavior, analyze data, set goals, devise a plan of action, make a contract

Entries made into a health journal about a behavior should note all the following, EXCEPT
A. what the activity was.
B. when and where it happened.
C. how you felt at the time.
D. what your friends and family did.

what your family and friends did

Which of the following health journal information would be of little benefit in promoting personal behavior change?
A. identification of other people’s reactions to your behavior
B. descriptions of exactly what your behaviors are
C. identification of when and where activities occurred
D. recording your feelings at the time you were engaging in the behavior

identification of other people’s reactions to your behavior

Anne wants to lose weight and is keeping a health journal to record her progress. Which of the following questions might be appropriately asked in the course of analyzing data from her health journal?
A. When am I most likely to overeat?
B. What behavior do I want to change?
C. How many behaviors in my life are serious health threats?
D. What will be the consequences of not changing my risky health behavior?

how many behaviors in my life are serious health threats?

According to the "SMART" criteria, a behavior change such as "drink eight cups of water every day" is an example of being
A. realistic.
B. truthful.
C. too easy.
D. specific.

realistic

The best plan for behavior change
A. begins with a self-assessment.
B. concentrates on several behaviors.
C. refuses to tolerate temporary setbacks.
D. works at change systematically.

works at change systemtically

Chances of success in behavior management DECREASE if
A. efforts are cost-effective.
B. change in behavior is real and lasting.
C. programs are those that can be followed over a long time.
D. environmental cues are ignored.

environmental cues are ignored

To help ensure success with a behavior change program, you should
A. consider potential genetic factors.
B. develop a reward system.
C. reevaluate your friendships.
D. develop small punishments for relapses.

develop a reward system

Rewards included in health action plans should
A. reinforce your efforts.
B. be provided only when you reach your overall goal.
C. be meaningful and expensive.
D. include limited participation in the behavior you are trying to eliminate.

include limited participation in the behavior you are trying to eliminate

A friend who is attempting to lose weight has been repeatedly "derailed" by coworkers who bring high-calorie snacks to work. An effective strategy for her would be to
A. quit her job.
B. create a specific lists of dos and don’ts for her coworkers.
C. understand that she will have to eat foods she does not want to from time to time.
D. choose new target behaviors.

choose new target behaviors

A primary purpose of developing a personal contract for behavior change is to
A. commit you to your word of behavior modification.
B. notify others of your intent to change your behavior.
C. prioritize the behaviors that you are considering changing.
D. assess your motivation for changing a health behavior.

commit to your word of behavior modification

Writing a contract for behavior change involves all of the following EXCEPT
A. setting a date to begin.
B. clearly stating your goal.
C. identifying the steps used to measure progress.
D. identifying the consequences of failure to reach the established goal.

identifying the consequences of failure to reach the established goal

Information from a health journal maintained after a behavior change plan is put into action can be used to
A. track progress.
B. punish yourself for relapses.
C. change target behaviors.
D. identify new behaviors to change.

track progress

Maintaining good health is
A. a short-term goal.
B. an ongoing process.
C. too hard for most people.
D. important only in the college years.

an ongoing process

With regard to one’s health, which one of the following elements is most within an individual’s control?
A. heredity
B. health care
C. environment
D. behavior

behavior

Which of the following is an example of taking action to modify the environment and support health behaviors?
A. encouraging legislators to pass legislation increasing the number of public areas where smoking is prohibited
B. serving nonalcoholic drinks at your parties
C. voting for measures that reduce air pollution
D. All of these are examples.

all of these are examples