Nutrition exam 3 (ch 7)

Which of the following MyPlate food group is the richest source of vitamin D?
a) Dairy
b) Fruits
c) Grains
d) Protein

Dairy

All of the following MyPlate food groups are good sources of vitamin B12 except for the _____ group.
a) Dairy.
b) Fruits.
c) Protein.
d) All of these are good sources of vitamin B12.

Fruits

All of the following MyPlate food groups are good sources of folate except for the _____ group.
a) Dairy
b) Fruits
c) Grains
d) Vegetables

Dairy

The amount of a particular vitamin in a food depends on all of the following EXCEPT
a) how much of the food is consumed.
b) how the food is cooked.
c) how the food is stored.
d) what is added to the food during processing.

how much the food is consumed

Brian’s need for a vitamin is 100 milligrams each day. The bioavailability of this vitamin is 35%. This means that Brian needs to consume _____ milligrams each day for this vitamin to meet his needs.a) 65 b) 100 c) 135 d) 170

135

For vitamins X and Y, the daily needs are 140 milligrams. The bioavailability of vitamin X is 45% and for vitamin Y is 20%. Which of the following statements is correct?a) Daily intake for vitamin X is higher than vitamin Y. b) Daily intake for vitamin Y is higher than vitamin X. c) Daily intake for vitamin X is the same as vitamin Y. d) None of these statements are true.

Daily intake for Vitamin Y is is higher than Vitamin X

If the diet is chronically low in fat-soluble vitamins, the bioavailability of which vitamins will be impacted most?a) Folate and vitamin B12
b) Thiamin and riboflavin
c) Vitamins A and D
d) Vitamins C and E

Vitamins A and D

Which of the following vitamins have a coenzyme form?
a) Niacin
b) Vitamin A
c) Vitamin D
d) Vitamin K

Niacin

Which of the following is/are antioxidants?
a) Vitamin C.
b) Vitamin E.
c) Selenium.
d) All of these nutrients serve as antioxidants.

All of these nutrients serve as antioxidants

Which of the following vitamins must be included on the food label?
a) Niacin and thiamin
b) Riboflavin and iron
c) Vitamins A and C
d) Vitamins A and D

Vitamins A and C

Mary needs to increase her thiamin consumption. Which of the following contains the most thiamin?
a) 1⁄4 c sunflower seeds
b) 3 oz pork chop
c) 3 oz rainbow trout
d) 1 c oatmeal

3 oz pork chop

Clare reads on the food label that the pizza contains enriched flour. Which of the following nutrients are added back to the flour in the enrichment process?a) calcium
b) folate
c) thiamin
d) Vitamin C

thiamin

The active ______ coenzyme is needed to convert pyruvate into acetyl-CoA.
a) folate
b) niacin
c) riboflavin d) thiamin

thiamin

Which of the following statements regarding thiamin is true?
a) Alcoholics are particularly susceptible to thiamin deficiency because thiamin absorption is decreased due to the effect the alcohol has the GI tract.
b) Beriberi is quite common in the U.S.
c) Increasing thiamin intake increases the body’s ability
to produce ATP.
d) Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a thiamin toxicity.

Alcoholics are particularly susceptible to thiamin deficiency because thiamin absorption is decreased due to the effect the alcohol has the GI tract

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of pellagra?
a) dementia
b) dermatitis
c) diabetes
d)diarrhea

diabetes

Niacin is synthesized in the body from the amino acid
a) alanine.
b) leucine.
c) riboflavin.
d) tryptophan.

tryptophan

Vitamin B12 deficiency is particularly problematic because
a) it causes irreversible brain damage.
b) it causes microcytic anemia.
c) it prevents folate from being converted to one of its
active forms.
d) its UL is set too high.

it prevents folate from being converted to one of its active forms.

Which of the following are good sources of niacin?
a) chicken and trout
b) kiwi and apples
c) corn and oatmeal
d) orange juice and spinach

chicken and trout

Vitamin ___ is important for amino acid synthesis and protein metabolism.
a) B2
b) B6
c) C
d) B12

B6

Which of the following is not a function of vitamin B6?
a) Synthesis of hemoglobin
b) Synthesis of the myelin sheath
c) Synthesis of collagen
d) Transamination and deamination

Synthesis of collagen

Based on the content in this visual, identify each of the three labeled parts in A:B:C order. (picture)
a) cysteine: homocysteine: methionine
b) homocysteine: cysteine: methionine
c) methionine: homocysteine: cysteine
d) methionine: cysteine: homocysteine

methionine: homocysteine: cysteine

Folate coenzymes are needed for the
a) synthesis of collagen.
b) synthesis of RNA.
c) metabolism of some vitamins.
d) synthesis of DNA and metabolism of some amino
acids.

synthesis of DNA and metabolism of some amino acids.

Which of the following populations is not at increased risk of folate deficiency?
a) The elderly
b) Non-smoking teenage males
c) Pregnant women
d) Alcoholics

Non-smoking teenage males

The Intrinsic Factor is necessary for the absorption of which B vitamin?
a) Folate
b) Niacin
c) Riboflavin
d) Vitamin B12

Niacin

Which of the following statements regarding vitamin B12 is false?
a) Vitamin B12 is synthesized by the microflora in the large intestine.
b) Vitamin B12 is absorbed in the duodenum section of the small intestine.
c) Vitamin B12 needs the Intrinsic Factor to be absorbed.
d) The body stores and reuses vitamin B12 more
efficiently than it does most other water-soluble vitamins.

Vitamin B12 is absorbed in the duodenum section of the small intestine.

Which of the following MyPlate food groups is the richest in vitamin B12?
a) Fruits
b) Grains
c) Protein
d) Vegetables

Proteins

When Vitamin C intake is below 10 mg per day, the symptoms of _______ begin to appear.
a) beriberi
b) pellagra
c) rickets
d) scurvy

scurvy

A family member has been taking Vitamin C supplements, but is now wondering if he should continue to spend money on these supplements. What have you learned about Vitamin C that might help them with an evidence-based decision?
a) Excessive supplementation can cause dementia.
b) Vitamin C is known to prevent the common cold.
c) Excessive supplementation can interfere with drugs
prescribed to prevent blood clotting.
d) Excessive supplementation can cause diarrhea and
can interfere with drugs prescribed to slow blood clotting.

Excessive supplementation can cause diarrhea and can interfere with drugs prescribed to slow blood clotting.

The symptoms of vitamin C deficiency include gums that swell and bleed. Why does this occur?
a) The lack of vitamin C allows bacteria in the mouth to
irritate the gums.
b) The lack of vitamin C decreases the pH of the mouth.
c) There is reduced collagen synthesis.
d) There is increased plaque formation around the gums.

There is reduced collagen synthesis.

Collagen is a __________. Vitamin C is necessary to form ___________ that hold adjacent collagen strands together and give the protein_________.
a) mineral, muscle, strength
b) protein, muscle, structure
c) protein, bonds, strength
d) vitamin, muscle, structure

protein, bonds, strength

Cells that are deficient in vitamin A become hard and dry because they produce _______, a protein.
a) retinal
b) opsin
c) keratin
d) xerophthin

keratin

The process whereby immature cells change in structure and function to become specialized is called
a) cell differentiation.
b) gene expression.
c) night blindness.
d) rhodopsin.

cell differentiation

Which of the following statements regarding vitamin A is FALSE?
a) Protein and zinc status are important for healthy vitamin A status.
b) Beta-carotene is the most potent vitamin A precursor. c) Pepsin is necessary to release the vitamin A from
protein-based sources.
d) Worldwide, vitamin A deficiency is rare.

Worldwide, vitamin A deficiency is rare.

This visual represents a toxicity of ______ leading the toxicity disease _______. (picture)
a) beta-carotene, hypercarotenemia
b) niacin, pellagra
c) vitamin A, xerophthalmia
d) vitamin D, rickets

beta-carotene, hypercarotenemia

Vitamin D deficiency disease in children is called
a) osteopenia.
b) osteoporosis.
c) osteomalacia.
d) rickets.

rickets

Active ________ is required to maintain normal blood calcium and phosphorus levels.
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin E
c) Vitamin C
d) Vitamin D

Vitamin D

Vitamin E protects membranes in red blood cells, white blood cells, nerve cells, and lung cells. Why are these cells in particular in need of high amounts of vitamin E?
a) All of these cells are important in fighting infections
b) Oxygen concentrations in these cells are high
c) These cells have an especially high energy need
d) Lipid concentrations in these cells are high

Oxygen concentrations in these cells are high

In its role as an antioxidant, _____ guards cell membranes, body proteins, DNA, and cholesterol, and thus helps prevent heart disease, cancer, macular degeneration, and other chronic diseases.
a) thiamin
b) vitamin D
c) Vitamin E
d) Vitamin K

Vitamin E

Based on the visual, what effect does active vitamin D have at the small intestine level? (picture)
a) Active vitamin D increases the absorption of calcium and phosphorus.
b) Active vitamin D stimulates calcium retention.
c) Inactive vitamin D is activated.
d) Inactive vitamin D releases calcium and phosphorus
into the blood.

Active vitamin D increases the absorption of calcium and phosphorus.

With a severe deficiency of _______, even a bruise or small scratch could cause you to bleed to death.
a) Vitamin D
b) Vitamin K
c) Vitamin E
d) Vitamin A

Vitamin K

_______is the major symptom of Vitamin K deficiency.
a) Abnormal blood coagulation
b) Anemia
c) Night blindness
d) Rickets

Abnormal blood coagulation

The best way to ensure that you meet your nutrient needs without taking a dietary supplement is to
a) choose foods that are convenient and tasty.
b) choose low-nutrient-dense foods daily.
c) eat a very low calorie, high fiber diet.
d) eat a variety of foods daily.

eat a variety of foods daily.

Supplements of which of the following nutrients may be needed by older adults?
a) Iron and folic acid
b) Fluoride and vitamin D
c) Vitamin C and vitamin E
d) Vitamin B12, vitamin D, and calcium

Vitamin B12, vitamin D, and calcium

Women of childbearing age should consume _____ daily from fortified foods or supplements.
a) Folic acid
b) Vitamin D
c) Iron
d) Calcium

Folic acid

Which of the following is not a good reason why some people may need to take supplements to meet certain nutrient needs?
a) excess nutrient losses.
b) increased nutrient needs.
c) low nutrient intakes.
d) to be free from worry about their food choices.

to be free from worry about their food choices.

Dietary supplements have regulations that are _____strict as compared to drugs.
a) Less
b) Equally
c) More

less

The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act accomplished which of the following?
a) Defined the term dietary supplement AND
established safety standards for manufacturing
practices.
b) Defined the term dietary supplement AND created
standards for labeling products.
c) Defined the term dietary supplement AND
established safety standards for manufacturing practices AND created standards for labeling products.
d) Established safety standards for manufacturing practices AND created standards for labeling products.

Defined the term dietary supplement AND created standards for labeling products.