Nutrition Chapter 6

Compounds in your body that consist of numerous amino acids and are found in all living cells are called

Proteins

The most common inherited blood disorder in the United States is

Sickle-cell anemia

Proteins can be denatured or rendered inactive by which of the following factors?

Acids

Digestion of protein within the stomach begins with the enzyme

Pepsin

The type of RNA that carries an amino acid to a ribosome is

tRNA

Which of the following molecules is a protein that provides structural support to body tissues?

Collagen

Which of the following states of nitrogen balance is a pregnant woman typically in?

Positive nitrogen balance

The average adult (age 19 and older) should consume how many grams of protein for each kilogram of body weight (g/kg)?

.8

An overweight individual’s protein needs are

Much greater than those of a normal weight person of similar height

What is the approximate protein requirement for a 24-year-old female who weighs 125 pounds?

45 g

Which of the following foods has the lowest protein content?

One cup melon

Which of the following factors does Not lead to PEM?

Obesity

Which foods are most likely missing when a person is on a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet?

Fruits

Proteins that act as biological catalysts and speed up chemical reactions are

Enzymes

Proteins that minimize fluctuations in pH are known as

Buffers

A gene is a segment of ________ that codes for a specific protein.

DNA

Denaturation of a protein results in

Alterations in the proteins function

A diet that is too high in protein can increase the risk for all of the following conditions except

PKU

A vegetarian diet has Not been shown to lower the risk for which of the following diseases?

Colds

An ovo-vegetarian will eat all of the following foods except

Cheese

Which of the following statements about soy is correct?

It may be harmful for individuals at high-risk of developing breast cancer

The biggest risk for vegetarians is Not consuming enough

Vitamin B 12

Which of the following conditions is a consequence of a severe deficiency of dietary protein?

Kwashiorkor

Which of the following food pairings is more likely to be an example of combining two incomplete proteins to achieve protein complementation?

Vegetables and rice

Which of the following amino acids was once thought to be essential only for infants?

Histidine

The absorption of amino acids occurs in the

Small intestine

Amino acids are joined together by which kind of bond?

Peptide bond

After a meal, proteins help increase ________ more than do either carbohydrates or fat.

Satiety

The amino acid that is in the shortest supply in an incomplete protein is known as the

Limiting amino acids

A vegan diet excludes which of the following foods?

Any foods of animal origin

The protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) takes into account both the amino acid profile and the ________ of a protein.

Digestibility

A starving person would be in ________ nitrogen balance.

Negative

A classic symptom of severe kwashiorkor is ________ of the legs, feet, and stomach.

Edema

A diet high in ________ and low in calcium may lead to osteoporosis.

Protein

When a diet is chronically low in both proteins and calories, the condition is called

PEM

The most abundant protein in the body is

Collagen

Isoflavones have a chemical structure similar to

Estrogen

A study of Chinese women revealed that those who ate the most ________ during their adolescent years had a reduced risk of breast cancer in adulthood.

Soy

It is recommended that you consume from 10 to ________ percent of your total daily calories from protein.

35

The iron and zinc needs of vegetarians tend to be higher than those of nonvegetarians, in part due to ________ in grains, which inhibits the absorption of zinc and iron from foods.

Phytate

Children with kwashiorkor typically have a diet that is high in carbohydrates and extremely low in.

Protein

Individuals 18 years of age and younger should consume ________ grams of protein for each kilogram of body weight.

.85

A gram of protein contains ________ calories.

4

A person fighting a fever would be in ________ nitrogen balance.

Negative

The nitrogen removed from an amino acid generates ammonia, which is converted to ________ and excreted in the urine.

Urea

All excess calories are stored as

Fat

The condition characterized by a severe deficiency of calories is known as

Marasmus

The molecule that directs protein synthesis in cells is

mRNA

An amino acid that can be synthesized in the body is considered to be

Nonessential

A rare genetic disorder, phenylketonuria (PKU), is caused by the body’s inability to properly degrade

Phenylalanine