Which of the following is not true about pepsin? |
c) pepsin works best in an alkaline environment |
Treating a protein with acid, heat, or agitation will cause _____, meaning that the three-dimensional structure of the protein has been altered (it unfolds). |
denaturation, denature, denaturing |
All of the following are true of high quality protein except |
a) it provides 7 kcal/g of energy |
Then protein consumption is in excess of body needs and energy needs are met, the excess amino acids are metabolized and the energy in the molecule is |
b) store as glycogen and/or fat |
Wilma is an alcoholic. Her liver has been damaged to such a degree that it cannot produce the appropriate blood proteins for fluid balance. She develops a condition call edema, which is |
a) the build up of fluids in extracellular spaces |
The nitrogen from amino acid breakdown is |
d) converted to urea |
High protein diets may be harmful for |
a) those with kidney disease |
Today the best estimate for the amount of protein required for nearly all adults is ____ grams per kilogram body weight per day. |
d) 0.8 |
Proteins regulate the acid-base balance of the blood by |
d) acting as buffers |
____ is an important protein that acts as a hormone. It is produced by the beta cells of the pancreas. |
Insulin, insuline |
Which of the following is true about protein intake of people in the United States? |
c) most consume more than is needed |
The most reliable source of vitamin B12 for the vegan would be |
a) fortified soybean milk |
Approximately how many different amino acids are used in the synthesis of body proteins? |
d) 20 |
What is meant by the amino acid sequence of a protein? |
d) order of appearance of amino acids in the peptide chain |
Jack weighs 176 pounds. What would be his RDA for protein? |
d) 64 grams |
What enzyme is released by the stomach to digest protein? |
b) pepsin |
Proteins are digested in which areas of the body? |
a) stomach and small intestine |
All of the following are essential amino acids except |
a) alanine |
Plant proteins do not match our needs for essential amino acids and therefore are called ________ proteins. |
Incomplete, low quality, lower quality, |
Which of the following is true about protein? |
c) it is made up of combinations of approximately 20 amino acids |
In proteins, amino acids are joined by _________ bonds. |
peptide |
The basic structure of an amino acid is C carbon atom with four different elements/groups bonded to it. The carbon has a hydrogen atom attached, a carboxyl group (acid group), a __________, and a generic "R" group, which identifies the amino acid. |
a) amino group |
A hereditary condition caused by an incorrect amino acid in the amino acid sequence of a protein chain is |
b) sickle cell anemia |
_________ are the building blocks of protein. |
Amino acids |
An essential amino acid |
c) cannot be synthesized in the body in sufficient quantity to meet body needs |
Which of the following is a food that provides adequate amounts all of the essential amino acids? |
a) milk |
Johnny is 10 years old. He has had minimal protein intake for the last two years. He has just recently had surgery. What are the likely results of his deficient protein intake? |
c) the size of his vital organs, including his heart, liver, and muscles, will decrease. |
A condition resulting from regularly consuming an insufficient amount of energy and protein |
Protein-energy malnutrition |
A buildup of fluids in extracellular spaces |
Edema |
Dietary proteins that are low in or lack one or more essential amino acids |
Incomplete protein |
Dietary proteins that contain ample amounts of all nine essential amino acids |
Complete protein |
Required by humans in sufficient amounts and therefore must be included in the diet. |
Essential amino acids |
The essential amino acid in lowest concentration in a food relative to body needs. |
Limiting amino acid |
Two food protein sources that make up for each other's inadequate supply of specific essential amino acids. |
Complementary proteins |
A physical state in which protein intake is equal to related protein losses |
Protein equilibrium |
Amino acids that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts |
Nonessential amino acids |