Music

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A simple and more familiar type of canon is called

round

Meter is an organizing principle shared by music and poetry

true

Traditional music of the Far East is largely

monophonic

Most large musical ensembles use a conductor in order to perform together

True

A short melodic, rhythmic, or harmonic pattern repeated throughout a musical work is called an ostinato

True

Which of the following terms describes a concordant or agreeable combination of tones

consonant

The smallest fragment of a theme that forms a melodic-rhythmic unit is called

motive

A musical form based on statement, departure, and a restatement of the first idea is called binary form

false

Describe the organ

Sound is created when air flows through pipes controlled by the organist, Some organs have more than one keyboard, including one played by the feet The sound of an organ can be imitated by electric keyboards and synthesizers

Ternary form is best outlined as A-B-A

true

The procedure in which a melodic idea is presented in one voice and then restated in another is called

Imitation

A heterophonic texture frequently occurs in music involving improvisation, such as jazz

true

Which of the following would be classified as an unpitched percussion instrument

bass drum

The striking emotional effect created by the high point in a melodic line is called

The climax

When a piece of music begins on the last beat of a measure, it is said to begin with

an upbeat

Which marking is appropriate for a slow tempo

adagio

The percussion family is comprised of a variety of instruments that are made to sound by

striking or shaking:

The trumpet is the lowest in pitch of the brass family

False

The Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra by Britten is based on a dance tune by Beethoven

False

Meter is the measurement of musical time

True

A melody combined with an ornamented version of itself, often heard in jazz, produces a texture known as

heterophony

Harmonic movement is generated by motion toward a goal or resolution

True

Disjunct motion describes melodies that skip in disjointed intervals

True

The special effect produced on a string instrument by plucking the string with the finger is called

pizzicato

The guitar is most likely of African origin

False

Flutes and whistles are classified as idiophones

False

Most compositions use one type of texture exclusively

False

Which of the following is a double reed instrument

the oboe

Forms are fixed molds into which composers force their material

False

Which of the following songs is in compound meter

Rock-a-bye Baby

Which historical event did NOT take place in the Renaissance

the writing of the Magna Carta

The singing leader in Jewish religious services is called

the cantor

A key refers to a group of related tones with a common center, a tonic, toward which the tones gravitate

True

The Renaissance saw the growth of solo instrumental music, especially for lute and keyboard instruments

True

The term a cappella refers to choral music performed_______ .

without any instrumental accompaniment

The texts for madrigals are generally drawn from the fixed poetic meters

False

The raga, or scale pattern Bhimpalasi, varies in its ascending and descending forms

True

Which religious figure is praised in the text of Hildegard’s Alleluia, O virga mediatrix

the Virgin Mary

Who is the Greek god of music?

Apollo

Women poet-musicians in southern France were called Minnesingers

False

The overall form of the Kyrie to Du Fay’s L’homme arme Mass is ternary, or A-B-A

True

The upper voice parts of the Pope Marcellus Mass were sung by boy sopranos or adult males with high voices

True

The dominant is an example of an active chord, which can cause tension in music until resolved

True

The three most important triads used in diatonic harmony are

I, IV, and V

The Roman Catholic Mass for the Dead is the Magnificat

False

Instruments participated in the performance of madrigals, either by doubling or by substituting for a vocal line

True

The raga, or scale pattern Bhimpalasi, varies in its ascending and descending forms

True

Which composer responded to the reforms of the Council of Trent in an exemplary fashion

Palestrina

Renaissance painters preferred symbolism to realism

False

The service in the Roman Catholic Church that symbolically reenacts the sacrifice of Christ is

the Mass

what does NOT describe Gabrieli’s O quam suavis:

a cappella performance

The High Middle Ages witnessed

the building of great cathedrals,the founding of universities, and the rise of the bourgeoisie

In addition to composing music, Hildegard of Bingen is known for:

visions that foretold the future, founding her own convent and writing religious poetry

The value we place on music today is part of our ancient heritage

True

The vivid depiction of the text through music, known as word painting, is a hallmark of

the madrigal

Although feudal society was male-dominated, the status of women was raised by prevailing attitudes of chivalry and devotion to the cult of the Virgin Mary

True

Which of the following characterizes Monteverdi’s madrigal Ecco mormorar l’onde

careful musical pictorialization of specific images

Which was NOT a function of secular music in medieval court life

devotional services

Claudio Monteverdi’s career spanned both the Renaissance and Baroque periods

True

A key refers to a group of related tones with a common center, a tonic, toward which the tones gravitate

True

The dominant is an example of an active chord, which can cause tension in music until resolved

True

A sharp will lower the tone by a half step

False

Which of the following does NOT make frequent use of pentatonic scales

Western art music

Mout me fu grief/Robin m’aime/Portare has three voices, each with the same text

True

After the Protestant revolt of the early sixteenth century, the Roman Catholic Church responded with a movement to recapture the loyalty of its people

This was known as: the Counter-Reformation

Which of the following was a lively circle or line dance, often performed outdoors

ronde

In Western music, the octave is divided into how many equal intervals

twelve

During the late sixteenth century, the principal center for polychoral singing was

St: Mark’s of Venice

Secular music in the Renaissance was performed only by professional musicians

False

What characterizes the minor scale

It has a lowered third degree

A setting of plainchant with many notes per syllable is called syllabic

False

What characterizes humanism

thinking centered on human issues and individuality, inspiration from the ancient cultures of Greece and Rome, and independence from traditional and religion

Instruments participated in the performance of madrigals, either by doubling or by substituting for a vocal line

True

The earliest operas took their plots from

Greek mythology

The overall form of the Kyrie to Du Fay’s L’homme arme Mass is ternary, or A-B-A

True

Bach wrote his Musical Offering for

Frederick the Great:

Dido’s lament from Purcell’s Dido and Aeneus is a da capo aria

True

The three main keyboard instruments of the Baroque were the harpsichord, organ, and piano

False

The libretoo for Handel’s oratorio Messiah is a compilation of verses from the Bible

True

Bach completed just over one hundred cantatas in his lifetime

False

The French rondeau led directly to the rondo of the eighteenth century

True

The Renaissance saw the growth of solo instrumental music, especially for lute and keyboard instruments

True

What Baroque genre was the direct ancestor of the symphony

sonata da camera

During the late sixteenth century, the principal center for polychoral singing was

St: Mark’s of Venice

Which of the following is noted as a reformer of eighteenth-century opera

Gluck

The approximate dates of the Baroque period are

1600-1750

Which does NOT characterize an oratorio

elaborate scenery

The expansion and reworking of a theme within a composition is called thematic development

True

All of the following are fast, lively dance types EXCEPT

the sarabande

Religion remained a driving force behind power struggles in the Baroque era

True

Johann Sebastian Bach lived a short, unhappy life and had no children

False

An early American polyphonic setting of a psalm or hymn in an imitative style is called

a fuging tune

The upper voice parts of the Pope Marcellus Mass were sung by boy sopranos or adult males with high voices

True

In earlier times, a composer’s choice of key for a piece depended largely on the capabilities of the instruments for which it was intended

True

Vivaldi lived and worked in

Venice

Bach’s passions are musical setting of the account of the Crucifixion by one of the four Evangelists

True

As a reaction to the grandiose gesture of the Baroque, the Rococo style was a miniature and ornate art aimed at enchantment of the senses

True

The harpsichord is different from the piano because

it usually has two keyboards, rather than one, its strings are plucked rather than struck, it is not capable of a wide dynamic range

During the Baroque era, some boy singers were castrated to preserve the high register of their voices, allowing them to sing high-pitched operatic roles

True

The term trio sonata refers to the number of parts, or musical lines, rather than the number of players

True

Jean-Joseph Mouret died a celebrated, wealthy artistic hero

False

A theme may be fragmented by dividing it into smaller units called_____

motives

Late in life, Handel turned his efforts from opera to

the oratorio

It was through the musical innovations of the __________ that opera was born

Florentine Camerata

Which composer responded to the reforms of the Council of Trent in an exemplary fashion

Palestrina

The group of early Baroque writers, artists, and musicians whose aim was to resurrect the musical drama of ancient Greece was known as

The Florentine Camerata

Secular music in the Renaissance was performed only by professional musicians

False

Claudio Monteverdi’s career spanned both the Renaissance and Baroque periods

True

In the Baroque era, music centered on frequent changes of mood

True

Which best describes how Baroque musicians made a living

as servants to royalty or nobility, as members of the church, and as employees of a free city

Which two instruments would most likely have played the basso continuo in the Baroque era

cello and harpsichord

A fugue is a form exclusively for solo keyboard performance

False

What is NOT a major choral work by Bach

Messiah

The Baroque era was an age of political freedom and democracy

False

A sinfonia is a short instrumental passage that facilitates scene changes

True

In London, Handel composed operas in Italian

True

In opera, the lyric melodies that release emotional tension are called recitatives

False

A short phrase repeated over and over in the bass is called

a ground bass

What is the typical form of a Scarlatti sonata

one-movement binary form

The opening movement of Bach’s cantata A Mighty Fortress Is Our God is best described as

a fugal chorale

The orchestra plays a prominent role in the second movement of Bach’s Brandenburg Concerto No

2: False

Which best describes the form of the final love duet in The Coronation of Poppea

A-B-B-A, with ground bass

The French overture is composed in three sections

False

What is the form of the individual movements in a suite

binary

Barbara Strozzi was probably trained as a courtesan, in singing, lute playing, and writing poetry

True

What does NOT characterize Vivaldi’s concertos The Four Seasons

They avoid ritornello form

While playing the basso continuo, musicians in the Baroque era improvised on the figured bass

True

The chaconne is a variation form based on a repeated succession of harmonies

True

The role of the chorus was especially important in the oratorio

True

The Roman Catholic Mass for the Dead is the Magnificat

False

Purcell’s opera, Dido and Aeneus, was composed for

a girls’ school production in Chelsy:

Corelli’s trio sonatas served as models for the establishment of the church and chamber sonata

True

In a fugue, the areas of relaxation where the subject is not heard are called

episodes

The only basic rule of theme and variations form is that the theme must always be easily heard

False

The instrument which Mozart played and for which he wrote many concertos was

the piano:

The American Declaration of Independence reflects the intellectual climate of the Classical era

True

Mozart is remembered today as________

the most gifted child prodigy in the history of music

Which best describes the form of the first movement of Mozart’s Eine kleine Nachtmusik

sonata-allegro

In the nineteenth-century symphony, the minuet was often replaced by the scherzo

True

The classical attitude toward art is considerably more objective than the Romantic

True

Modern scientists have shown that listening to Mozart

helps with solving math problems

The famous four-note figure at the beginning of Beethoven’s Symphony No 5 is best described as

a motive

Ancient people (the Greeks and Romans, especially) believed that music had no effect on the body

False

A string quartet consists of

2 violins, viola, and cello

The three main sections of sonata-allegro form are the exposition, development, and

recapitulation

The Classical string quartet literature follows the same basic formal design as the symphony and sonata

True

What best describes the opening of the first movement of Mozart’s Eine kleine Nachtmusik

a march-like character

Romantic elements can be found in the late works of Mozart, Haydn, and Beethoven

True

In sonata-allegro form, the section that features the most tension and drama through modulation and motivic interplay is called

the development

Mozart was consistently supported by Vienna’s most important patrons

False

The harmony of the Classical-era composers was largely chromatic

False

The term multimovement cycle is applied not only to sonatas and chamber music but also to concertos and symphonies

True

The percussion section of a modern orchestra includes a number of instruments of Turkish origin

True

The first movement of a Classical concerto features sonata-allegro form with

a double exposition

In the first movement of a Classical concerto, there is usually a double exposition

True

Beethoven, like Mozart, wrote music very quickly and with great ease

False

Mozart’s Symphony No 40 in G minor can be viewed as Romantic in spirit

True

Beethoven opposed democracy in favor of the rule of a strong leader

False

The third movement of a Classical symphony is most frequently in

minuet and trio form

How many movements were typical of pre-Classical symphonies

three

In Haydn’s time, the trumpet had not yet advanced beyond the natural form of the instrument with no valves

True

In Haydn’s The Creation, the soloists include three archangels Gabriel, Uriel, and Raphael

True

Beethoven’s Piano Sonata in C-sharp minor, Op27, No: 2, was subtitled "Moonlight" by______

the poet Rellstab shortly after the composer’s death

How is the melody of Schubert’s Lied The Trout used in the quintet of the same name

It is the basis of a theme and variations movement

The __________ accompanies the baritone voice in the Tuba mirum section of Mozart’s Requiem

trombone

A trouser role is sung by a man in eighteenth-century opera

False

The Trumpet Concerto in E-flat major, composed in 1796, was Haydn’s last orchestral work

True

Turkish percussion instruments can be heard in Beethoven’s Symphony No_____

9

Mozart’s Requiem was sung in a worldwide memorial for the victims of the September 11 terrorist attacks on the United States

True

Which character in Mozart’s The Marriage of Figaro is best described as a young, innocent man who is in love with love

Cherubino

Who was Haydn’s principal patron

Prince Esterhazy

The music of which composer inspired Haydn to write an oratorio

Handel

In the Classical era, the sonata was intended for professional musicians only

False

Haydn’s orchestras in London were smaller than his earlier ensembles

False

The career of Joseph Haydn spanned the years from the formation of the Classical style to the beginning of Romanticism

True

The Janissary band was

a Turkish military ensemble

Mozart wrote his piano concertos primarily for his own public performances

True

The text of the Ode to Joy, set as the finale of Beethoven’s Symphony No 9, is by

Schiller

The last movement of Mozart’s Sonata in A major, K 331, is inspired by music from which country

Turkey

The first movement of Mozart’s Piano Concerto in G major, K 453, is monothematic

False

Of the following, which characterizes Maria Theresa Paradis

woman virtuoso pianist, student of Mozart, blind since birth

Unlike Mozart, Beethoven used sketchbooks to work out musical ideas

True

Mozart’s librettist for The Marriage of Figaro was

Lorenzo da Ponte

In depicting "Chaos" at the beginning of The Creation, Haydn

composes a dramatic C-minor overture

Beethoven belonged to a generation of artists who were influenced by the full impact of:

the French Revolution

Beethoven’s famous Moonlight Sonata has _______ movements

three

The early Classical symphony was characterized by quickly ascending themes with a strong rhythmic drive

These are known as: rocket themes

In the nineteenth century, the Mass was performed only in church

False

The first movement of a symphony is usually in

sonata-allegro form

During the Classical era, the prevalent form of opera that occupied itself mainly with the affairs of nobility and Greek legends was

opera seria

A typical feature of a concerto is a free solo passage without orchestral accompaniment called

the cadenza

Comic opera was generally in the language of the audience or in the vernacular

True

Beethoven and Mozart wrote duo sonatas that treated the two instruments as nearly equal partners

True

What is the form of the last movement of Mozart’s Piano Concerto in G major, K 453

sonata

The fourth movement of a Classical symphony is usually quicker and lighter than the first movement

True

Beethoven’s Battle Symphony pays tribute to

Wellington’s victory over Napoleon:

What is unusual about Beethoven’s Symphony No 5

There is no break between the third and fourth movements

The text for the Dies irae is a poem in 3-line rhymed verses

True

Rapid-fire, talky singing whose primary function is to advance the plot in an opera is called

recitative

The terzetta, or trio, from Act I of The Marriage of Figaro is in rondo form

False

Opera buffa was typically serious in tone, with plots dealing with historical or legendary figures

False

In the Classical concerto, the marking of andante or adagio would most likely apply to the third movement

False

Using material from an earlier movement in a symphony is called

cyclical form

Schubert set his Trout Quintet in the standard four-movement structure

False

The form of the first movement of Beethoven’s Piano Sonata in C-sharp minor, Op 27, No 2

is a modified song form

In the latter part of the eighteenth century, new opera types were devised that featured naturalness and simplicity

True

Beethoven achieved much acclaim during his lifetime and died a famous and revered composer

True

The establishment of a four-movement cycle for the symphony is generally credited to the London school of composers

False

The sonata is an instrumental work in one movement for one or two solo instruments

False

Beethoven was unable to compose music after he became deaf

False

Who wrote Kyrie," from the L’homme Armé Mass

Guillaume Du Fay

What year was Guillaume Du Fay born

1397

What year did Du Fay die

1474

What is the significance of Kyrie

This movement, which is the opening movement of the mass, is divided into three sections based on the text. Each section begins with 3 of the 4 voice parts; the tenor joins later and has the slower moving fixed tune (cantus firmus)

cantus firmus

"fixed melody", usually of very long notes, often based on a fragment of Gregorian chant that served as the structural basis for a polyphonic composition, particularly in the Renaissance

Who wrote "Gloria," from Pope Marcellus Mass

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

What year was Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina born

1525

What year did Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina die

1594

What is the significance of Gloria

Monophonic chant opening, Changes of density and texture set in various registers, A cappella performance, Clearly audible text set syllabically, Alternation of homorhythmic and polyphonic textures, Full, consonant harmony

polyphonic

all parts sing different notes or rhythms at the same time

monophonic

single melodic line without supporting harmonies

homorythmic

where all the voices move in the same rythm

Who wrote Fair Phyllis

John Farmer

What year was John Farmer born

fl 1591

What year did John Farmer die

1601

Who wrote A Mighty Fortress is our God or Ein Feste Burg ist Unser Gott

Johann Sebastian Bach

What year was Bach born

1685

What year did Bach die

1750

What is significance of Ein Feste Burg ist Unser Gott

imitative treatment of the familiar tune in all voice parts and in the trumpets. Dense polyphonic texture created between chorus and orchestra for each line of text, Canon on chorale tune heard in the instruments , played in augmentation

Cannon

Same sequence as someone else but one beat after.

Augmentation

the statement of a theme in notes of greater duration (usually twice the length of the original)

Who wrote "Spring" from the Four Seasons

Antonio Vivaldi

What year was Antonio Vivaldi born

1678

What year did Antonio Vivaldi die

1741

What is the significance of Spring from the four seassons

Musical pictorialization of images of spring, based on the poem, Virtuosity of solo violin part, with fast-running scales and trills. Recurring theme

ritornello

short recurring instrumental passage found in both the aria and the Baroque concerto

trill

a note that alternates rapidly with another note a semitone above it

Who wrote Water Music in D Major

George Frideric Handel

What year was Handel born

1685

What year did Handel die

1759

What is significant about Spring from The Four Seasons

tenary form, section with dotted rhythms, followed by a return of the opening material, Fanfare-like opening with quick exchanges between brass and strings. Percussion (timpani) added to orchestra.

ternary form:

3 part form. The piece divides into 3 parts of which the 3rd is an exact repeat, or almost so, of the first part

binary form

a musical form consisting of two units (A and B) constructed to balance and complement each other

fanfare

a short lively tune played on brass instruments

Who wrote String Quartet in D minor, Op. 76, No. 2 Quinten), Fourth Movement

Joseph Haydn

What year was Joseph Haydn born

1732

What year did Hayden die

1809

What is the significance of String Quartet in D minor, Op. 76, No. 2 Quinten), Fourth Movement

Folklike character, with strongly syncopated dance rhythms, Opening theme introduced by first violin, stated in 2 parts, each repeated (A-A-B-B), First violin dominates the melody throughout, Shift from opening minor key (D minor) to brighter, major key (D major)

minor key

a piece of music based in the minor scale, with a sad or haunting sound

major key

a piece of music based in the major scale, Scale built on thee formula of two whole steps, one half step, three whole steps, one half step.

syncopation

temporary irregularity in musical rhythm

Who wrote Eine kleine Nachtmusik (A Little Night Music

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

What year was Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart born

1756

What year did Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart die

1791

What is the significance of Eine kleine Nachtmusik (A Little Night Music)

Sonata-Allegro form, Intimate string chamber music style. Quick-paced movement with 3 themes, sonata-allegro form Overall homophonic texture. First theme is disjunt, marchlike, and ascends quickly (rocket theme); second theme, graceful and conjunct.

Sonata Allegro

Classical period, dramatic musical form involving exposition, development, and recapitulation, with optional introduction and coda

Rocket theme

quickly ascending rhythmic melody used in Classical-era instrumental music; the technique is credited to the composers in Mannheim, Germany

Homophonic

musical texture which focuses on a single melody with accompaning harmonies (mainly chordal)

Disjunct

progressing melodically by intervals larger than a major second

Conjunct

melody that moves in stepwise motion without major skips and leaps between the intervals, Smooth, connected melody that moves principally in stepwise motion,

pitch

the highness or lowness of a particular sound

Frequency

number of vibrations per second.

Amplitude

volume or loudness of sound

Melody

the tune in music, a sequence of moving pitches that create thought

Range

span of pitches

Contours

general shape of a melody.

Intervals

distances between any two pitches of a melody.

Phrase

a unit that makes up a melody

Counter melody

a melody accompanied by a second melody

Cadence

the point where the musician takes a deep breath, the punctuation for music.

Rhythm

the movement of music in time.

Beat

the basic unit of rhythm.

downbeat

first beat of any patter

upbeat

the last beat of a measure

offbeat

a weak beat

meter

the organized pattern of rhythmic pulses

Duple meter

a simple marching meter (left-right-left-right)

Triple meter

a simple meter that has three beats to a measure and is often used for waltzes

Quadruple Meter

a simple that has four beats to a measure with the primary accent on first beat and second strongest on the third

Compound meters

a meter where the beat is divided into three

Measure

what marks of meter, contains a fixed number of beats

Harmony

a term used to describe simultaneous events in music, also the movement of one chord to the next

Chord

three or more notes all sound together at once.

Octave

interval of eight notes

Scale

group of eight pitches arranged in ascending and descending order

Triad

a combination of three notes or tones

tonic note

the first note of a scale or key, also called a keynote

Dsonance

a combination of tones that are dcordant

Dcordant

a combination of tones that need to be resolved

Consonance

The resolving of dsonance, notes are pleasing to the ears

Drone

the sustained sounding of one or more tones for harmonic support, common in Asian and folk music

Counterpoint

the combination of two or more simultaneous melodic lines

strophic form

melody repeated with each stanza

Grave

solemn or very, very slow.

Largo

broad or very slow

Adagio

quite slow.

Andante

a walking pace.

Moderato

of course moderate.

Allegro

a fast or cheerful pace.

Vivace

a lively pace.

Presto

very fast.

Molto

very.

Meno

less.

Poco

a little.

Non troppo

not too much

Piansimo (pp

very soft.

Piano (p)

very soft

Mezzo piano(mp)

moderately soft

Forte(ff)

loud

Mezzo forte(mf)

moderately loud.

Fortsimo(ff)

a very loud piece of music.

Sforzando

to accent a single note or cord

Aerophones:

instruments that produce sound by using air., horns, bagpipes, whistles and accordions.

Chordophones:

produce sound from vibrating sting that is stretched between two separate points, Violins, sitars, guitars, harps and Chinese yangquins

Idiophone

instrument that produces sound by vibration of materials they are made of

Membranophone

instrument that makes sound when its stretched membrane is struck or rubbed

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