Which of the following leukocyte functions do macrophages carry out? |
phagocytosis of pathogens and debris |
Which of the following are phagocytic cells found in the epidermis ? |
Dendritic cells |
Response to specific pathogens that can improve with subsequent exposure is |
3rd line of defense |
Which of the following cells increase in number during a helminth infection? |
eosinophils |
Which of the following areas of the body have mucous membranes? |
mouth, nasal cavity and urinary system |
Protection from infection known as species resistance is a result of |
Both the absence of necessary receptors and lack of suitable environment in the body. |
Which of the following statements regarding the surface of skin is FALSE? |
has goblet cells |
Which of the following contributes to protecting the eyes from microbial invasion? |
Tears contain lysozyme and salt and mechanically flush particles from the eyes |
Which of the following is the best definition of "microbial antagonism" |
The presence of normal microbiota that protect the body by competing with pathogens in the variety of ways to prevent pathogens from invading the body |
Which of the following statements about eosinophil’s is TRUE? |
They attach to the surface of parasitic helminthes and produce toxins that kill the parasite |
Muscus and sweat contain _____ which damage and kill bacteria |
Antimicrobial peptides |
The complement cascade and its by-products contribute to |
Both triggering inflammation and attracting phagocytes to sites of infection |
Which of the following statements concerning the alternative complement system is TRUE? |
Its activation is independent of antibodies |
Which of the following cells can use nonphagocytic means to kill bacteria? |
Eosinophils and neutrophils |
Which cell becomes a macrophage when leaving the bloodstream? |
monocyte |
Which of the following characteristics is shared by the skin and mucous membranes? |
They are both constantly shedding and replacing cells |
The _____ play a role in preventing neoplastic cells from progressing to cancer |
natural killer cells |
First line of defense may be described as |
Intact skin, mucous membranes, sebum, tears and so forth |
antigens are |
Specific molecules, or parts of molecules, that the body recognizes as foreign |
Which of the following is an exogenous antigen? |
a bacterium outside the body |
The white blood cells primarily responsible for adaptive immunity are |
B&T lymphocytes |
The antibody immune response is attributed to the action of |
B lymphocytes |
Which of the following statements regarding antibody function is FALSE? |
the can kill bacteria |
the most prevalent type of antibody in the blood is |
IgM |
Which of the following statements about T lymphocytes is FALSE? |
T lymphocytes produce antibody molecules |
Clonal deletion of developing T lymphocytes takes place in which location in the body? |
thymus |
What types of antigens are bound to Class I MHC proteins? |
endogenous antigens |
Class II MHC are found on |
professional antigen presenting cells |
Which of the following statements concerning plasma cells is TRUE? |
they can produce large quantities of antibodies on a daily basis |
Enhanced immune response to subsequent exposures to an antigen to which the body has already been exposed are known as ___ response |
memory |
What type of immunity is produced by the body when a person contracts a disease? |
naturally acquired active immunity |
What is the dendritic cell phagocytizes a microbe and processes it? |
Display of microbial epitope- MHCII complexes on the cell surface |
Vaccination triggers an immune response which produces ___ immunity |
artificial active |
Over 90% of Staphylococcus aureus isolates are penicillin- resistant why? |
They produce beta lactamase |
A woman comes to the emergency department with fever and vomiting. She soon develops a red rash all over her body, and her blood pressure begins to drop. What is one possible diagnosis? |
Toxic Shock Syndrome |
Streptococci are frequently classified by |
Lancefield antigen designations |
Bacteria collected from a severely inflamed wound sent to the lab for analysis. The result comes back as follows: Gram-positive cocci irregular clusters, kinase and coagulase positive, and able to grow in the presence of most antibiotics except vancomycin. The bacteria wound are most likely |
MSRA |
Which of the following diseases are considered an autoimmune disease triggered by a bacterial infection? |
Glomerulonephritis cause by group A streptococci |
Untreated streptocoocal pharyngitis may progress to |
scarlet fever |
During a stay in the hospital, an accident victim develops symptoms of bacteremia. A blood sample shows the presence of gram-positive cocci in pairs. Lab tests determine that the bacteria are nonhemolytic and bile sale tolerant. The bacteremia is likely due to |
enterococcus |
Which of the following statements about bacillus anthracis is false? |
it is primarily a disease in humans |
Which of the following bacteria produce one of the most deadly bacterial toxins known? |
Clostridium botulisum |
Which of the following bacteria can cause life threatening pseudomembranous colitis? |
clostridium difficile |
Which of the following statements concerning tetanus is False? |
Its only source is from deep puncture wounds from rusty nails |
Listeria virulence is directly related to its ability to |
Live within cells and thus avoid exposure to the immune system of its host |
Enterococcus faecalis bacteria can be distingusiehd from gram positive coccie because enterococci |
can grow in the presence of salts |
Microbiology
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