Microbiology – Chapter 18

All species of Staphylococcus:

A) lack spores.
B) are motile.
C) are motile
D) produce coagulase
E) All of the choices are correct

A) lack spores. (p. 540)

The enzyme that coagulates plasma is:

A) catalase.
B) coagulase.
C) hyaluronidase
D) staphylokinase.
E) Dnase.

B) coagulase. (p. 541)

The toxin of Staphylococcus aureus strains that causes blisters and desquamation of skin in scalded skin syndrome is:

A) enterotoxin.
B) hemolysin.
C) toxic shock syndrome toxin.
D) exfoliative toxin.
E) erythrogenic toxin.

D) exfoliative toxin. (p. 541 Table 18.1)

The bright red rash and fever of scarlet fever is due to:

A) enterotoxin.
B) hemolysin.
C) toxic shock syndrome toxin.
D) exfoliative toxin.
E) erythrogenic toxin.

E) erythrogenic toxin. (p. 549)

Scarlet fever is caused by strains of:

A) Staphylococcus aureus.
B) Staphylococcus epidermidis.
C) Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
D) Streptococcus pyogenes.
E) Streptococcus agalactiae.

D) Streptococcus pyogenes. (p. 549 Table 18.3)

A common food intoxication is caused by enterotoxin-producing strains of:

A) Staphylococcus aureus.
B) Staphylococcus epidermidis.
C) Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
D) Streptococcus pyogenes.
E) Streptococcus agalactiae.

A) Staphylococcus aureus. (p. 543)

Which pathogen is the most common cause of neonatal pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis in the United States?

A) Staphylococcus aureus.
B) Staphylococcus epidermidis.
C) Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
D) Streptococcus pyogenes.
E) Streptococcus agalactiae.

E) Streptococcus agalactiae. (p. 553)

Which organism is associated with commonly causing urinary tract infections in sexually active young adult and adolescent females?

A) Staphylococcus aureus.
B) Staphylococcus epidermidis.
C) Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
D) Streptococcus pyogenes.
E) Streptococcus agalactiae.

C) Staphylococcus saprophyticus. (p. 545)

Which pathogen has drug resistant strains called MRSA?

A) Staphylococcus aureus.
B) Staphylococcus epidermidis.
C) Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
D) Streptococcus pyogenes.
E) Streptococcus agalactiae.

A) Staphylococcus aureus. (p. 546)

The most common site where carriers of Staphylococcus aureus carry this pathogen is:

A) all over the skin.
B) under the fingernails.
C) anterior nares (nostrils).
D) mouth.
E) intestines.

A) all over the skin.

Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus include all of the following, except:

A) folliculitis.
B) furuncles and carbuncles.
C) sore throat
D) osteomyelitis.
E) pneumonia.

C) sore throat (p. 542-543)

Which is incorrect about Staphylococcus aureus food intoxication?

A) Food becomes contaminated by a human carrier.
B) Common associated foods include custards, ham, cream pastries, processed meats.
C) After contamination, food, must be left unrefrigerated for a few hours.
D) Ingestion of the pathogen allows it to multiply and damage the GI tract lining.
E) Symptoms come on quickly, and include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea.

D) Ingestion of the pathogen allows it to multiply and damage the GI tract lining.

All of the following pertain to Staphylococcus epidermidis infections, except:

A) they often from an endogenous source.
B) they typically occur after insertion of shunts and prosthetic devices.
C) catheterization can introduce the organism and lead to urinary tract infection.
D) the organism is coagulase negative.
E) the organism produces a large number of tissue damaging enzymes and toxins.

E) the organism produces a large number of tissue damaging enzymes and toxins.

Symptoms of Toxic Shock Syndrome include all the following, except:

A) fever and muscle pain.
B) appearance of flesh being "eaten" down to the muscle.
C) nausea, vomiting, diarrhea.
D) sunburn-like rash.
E) kidney and liver failure.

B) appearance of flesh being "eaten" down to the muscle. (p. 544)

Staphylococci can be differentiated from streptococci by the:

A) Gram stain.
B) coagulase test.
C) catalase test.
D) fermentation of mannitol.
E) None of the choices are correct

C) catalase test. (p. 545 & Figure 18.6)

Rebecca Lancefield differentiated streptococci on the basis of differences in their:

A) cell wall carbohydrates in a serological test.
B) patterns of hemolysis on blood agar.
C) ability to produces catalase.
D) gram stain appearance.
E) All of the choices are correct

A) cell wall carbohydrates in a serological test. (p. 548)

The M protein of Streptococcus pyogenes:

A) is the basis for organism belonging to Lancefield group A.
B) gives rise to a zone of b hemolysis on blood agar.
C) protects against phagocytosis and enhances adherence.
D) is also called streptokinase.
E) protective against lysozyme damage.

C) protects against phagocytosis and enhances adherence. (p. 548)

Streptococcus pyogenes causes all the following, except:

A) necrotizing fasciitis.
B) erysipelas.
C) impetigo.
D) scarlet fever.
E) scalded skin syndrome.

E) scalded skin syndrome. (p. 550-552)

Streptococcal pharyngitis involves all the following, except:

A. a purulent exudate over the tonsils.
B. can lead to scarlet fever if it is an erythrogenic toxin-producing strain.
C. can lead to serious sequelae.
D. is usually caused by the viridans streptococci.
E. causes redness, difficulty in swallowing, and fever.

D. is usually caused by the viridans streptococci. (p. 551-552)

Scarlet fever involves:

A. high fever.
B. bright red rash on face, trunk, inner arms and legs, and tongue.
C. eventual desquamation of epidermis.
D. septicemia as a complication.
E. All of the choices are correct.

E. All of the choices are correct. (p.552)

Necrotizing fasciitis is:

A. also called impetigo.
B. possibly caused by antibodies to Group A streptococci that cross-react with body tissues.
C. associated with strains of Streptococcus pyogenes producing destructive enzymes and toxins.
D. typically a sequelae of streptococcal pharyngitis.
E. not treatable with antimicrobic drugs.

C. associated with strains of Streptococcus pyogenes producing destructive enzymes and toxins. (p. 551)

The Group A streptococcal infection that has symptoms of fever, edema of skin near portal of entry, and an elevated red, hot vesicular lesion is:

A. erysipelas.
B. impetigo.
C. necrotizing fasciitis.
D. scarlet fever.
E. None of the choices are correct.

A. erysipelas. (p. 550-551)

Long-term sequelae of Group A streptococcal infections include all the following, except:

A. risk decreased with prompt treatment of skin infections and pharyngitis.
B. development of rheumatic fever.
C. appearance of sequelae within a few weeks after an initial infection.
D. transmission of sequelae via respiratory secretions from a patient with streptococcal sore throat.
E. development of acute glomerulonephritis.

D. transmission of sequelae via respiratory secretions from a patient with streptococcal sore throat.

All of the following pertain to Enterococcus faecalis, except:

A. normal flora of the human large intestine.
B. increasingly resistant to many antimicrobics.
C. cause nosocomial wound infections, urinary tract infections, and septicemias.
D. can cause endocarditis.
E. belong to Lancefield Group B streptococci.

E. belong to Lancefield Group B streptococci. (p. 553)

The viridans streptococci are:

A. not entirely groupable by Lancefield serology.
B. the most numerous residents of the oral cavity.
C. opportunists that can cause subacute endocarditis.
D. introduced to deeper body tissues by dental or surgical procedures.
E. All of the choices are correct.

E. All of the choices are correct. (p. 555)

All of the following are associated with subacute endocarditis, except:

A. it occurs in patients that have prior heart damage.
B. it is caused by immune system autoantibodies that attack heart and valve tissue.
C. oral bacteria get introduced by dental procedures to the blood.
D. bacteria colonize previously damaged heart tissue resulting in vegetation.
E. signs and symptoms include fever, heart murmur, and possible emboli.

B. it is caused by immune system autoantibodies that attack heart and valve tissue.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is:

A. called the meningococcus.
B. in the viridans group.
C. a gram positive diplococcus with a capsule.
D. a pathogen with endotoxin.
E. All of the choices are correct.

C. a gram positive diplococcus with a capsule. (p. 555-556)

Disease/s caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae include:

A. otitis media.
B. meningitis.
C. lobar pneumonia.
D. bronchial pneumonia.
E. All of the choices are correct.

E. All of the choices are correct. (p. 556-557)

People at greatest risk for pneumococcal infections include all the following, except:

A. elderly.
B. those with underlying lung disease and viral infections.
C. patients without a spleen.
D. adolescents and young adults.
E. young infants.

D. adolescents and young adults. (p. 556-557)

Meningococcemia is:

A. common during gonorrhea.
B. associated with vascular hemorrhage and petechiae.
C. frequently seen in elderly.
D. caused by a gram positive diplococcus.
E. All of the choices are correct.

B. associated with vascular hemorrhage and petechiae. (p. 562-563)

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is:

A. the cause of ophthalmia neonatorum.
B. the cause of gonorrhea.
C. called the gonococcus.
D. virulent due to fimbriae and a protease that inactivates IgA.
E. All of the choices are correct.

E. All of the choices are correct. (p. 559-560)

All of the following pertain to gonorrhea, except:

A. chancre-type lesion develops at the portal of entry.
B. it is a reportable infectious disease.
C. pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and infertility are complications.
D. females can have asymptomatic infection.
E. symptoms include painful urination and discharge.

A. chancre-type lesion develops at the portal of entry.

All of the following pertain to Neisseria meningitidis, except:

A. virulent factors include a capsule, pili, endotoxin, and IgA protease.
B. it causes serious meningitis.
C. the reservoir is the nasopharynx of human carriers.
D. it is more easily transmitted in day care facilities, dorms, and military barracks.
E. it is a common cause of bacterial pneumonia.

E. it is a common cause of bacterial pneumonia.

The instillation of antibiotics in newborn’s eyes will prevent ophthalmia neonatorum in newborns. This disease is caused by:

A. Neisseria meningitidis.
B. Staphylococcus aureus.
C. Streptococcus pyogenes.
D. Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
E. Branhamella (Moraxella) catarrhalis.

D. Neisseria gonorrhoeae. (p. 561)

A positive Quellung reaction, or capsular swelling, is confirmatory for:

A. Neisseria meningitidis.
B. Staphylococcus aureus.
C. Streptococcus pyogenes.
D. Branhamella (Moraxella) catarrhalis.
E. Streptococcus pneumoniae.

E. Streptococcus pneumoniae.

The majority of otitis media in children is mainly due to infection with:

A. Streptococcus pneumoniae.
B. Streptococcus pyogenes.
C. Branhamella (Moraxella) catarrhalis.
D. Streptococcus agalactiae.
E. Staphylococcus saprophyticus.

C. S. pneumoniae.

Which chemical produced by S. aureus is also known as "spreading factor"?

A. Coagulase
B. Penicillinase
C. Hemolysin
D. Hyaluronidase
E. Toxic shock syndrome toxin

C. Hemolysin

Which chemical, produced by S. aureus, digests blood clots?

A. Coagulase
B. Penicillinase
C. Staphylokinase
D. Hyaluronidase
E. Toxic shock syndrome toxin

C. Staphylokinase

A patient has a suspicious skin infection and a culture is taken. Which media would be appropriate to select for staphylococci?

A. Nutrient agar
B. Blood agar
C. Chocolate agar
D. MacConkey agar
E. Mannitol salt agar

E. Mannitol salt agar

A pregnant woman is told she has a positive CAMP test and should be treated with a course of antibiotics and globulin. This test is indicative of

A. Group A streptococci.
B. Group B streptococci.
C. S. saprophyticus.
D. S. epidermidis.
E. S. aureus.

B. Group B streptococci.

All of the following are correct about Streptococcus pyogenes, except:

A. humans are the only significant reservoir.
B. some of the streptococcal toxins act as superantigens.
C. most strains do not have a capsule.
D. it can cause impetigo and erysipelas.
E. infection is generally through direct contact.

C. most strains do not have a capsule.

All of the following are correct about Staphylococcus aureus, except:

A. it is the coagulase-positive species.
B. the body’s most powerful defense against it lies in the T-cell response.
C. carriers may be treated with antibiotics to clear them of the bacteria.
D. most strains are resistant to penicillin and ampicillin.
E. it causes furuncles, carbuncles, and abscesses.

B. the body’s most powerful defense against it lies in the T-cell response.

Sue brought her daughter Amy to the pediatrician complaining of a sore throat. The physician examines Amy and observes that her throat is bright red and there are white pus-filled nodules on her tonsils. Which of the following conclusions should be made?

A. She has a strep throat and should begin antibiotics.
B. She should have a rapid strep test performed before a diagnosis is made.
C. She should go home and rest because most sore throats are viral in origin.
D. She should go home and come back in two days for a strep test since it may take that long to show up.
E. She has a staphylococcal sore throat and should begin antibiotics immediately.

B. She should have a rapid strep test performed before a diagnosis is made.

If left untreated, an infection with ___ can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility.

A. Streptococcus pneumoniae
B. N. meningitidis
C. N. gonorrhoeae
D. Streptotoccus pyogenes
E. Staphylococcus aureus

C. N. gonorrhoeae

Which of the following antibiotics specifically disrupt protein synthesis of streptococci?

A. Beta-lactams
B. Macrolides
C. Cephalosporins
D. Ansamycin
E. Arninoglycosides

D. Ansamycin

Local Staphylococcus aureus infections often involve formation of an abscess.

A) True
B) False

A) True

Streptokinase causes the symptoms of scarlet fever.

A) True
B) False

B) False

It is theorized that rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis could be the result of antibodies to Group A streptococci that cross-react with patient tissues.

A) True
B) False

A) True

Most strains of Streptococcus pyogenes produce penicillinase.

A) True
B) False

B) False

Pneumovax is a vaccine for prevention of disease caused by strains of Neisseria meningitidis.

A) True
B) False

B) False

Impetigo involves itching papules that break and form a very contagious yellow crust.

A) True
B) False

A) True

Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are fastidious, gram-negative cocci that produce oxidase.

A) True
B) False

B) False

An individual with asymptomatic N. gonorrhoeae may not spread the disease.

A) True
B) False

B) False

All staphylococci can be differentiated from all streptococci because only staphylococci produce the enzyme _____ that is easily detected in the lab.

catalase

The two important hemolysins of Group A streptococci are _____ and _____.

alpha; beta

The viridans group of streptococci and the pneumococcus produce _____ hemolysis on blood agar.

alpha

Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Neisseria tend to stimulate pus production and are collectively referred to as _____ cocci.

pyrogens

The production of the enzyme _____ by Staphylococcus aureus is a key characteristic used to identify it from other species of Staphylococcus.

coagulase

Streptococcus agalactiae is known as Group _____ streptococci.

B