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Which of the following represent the largest volume of freshwater found on Earth? |
Ice sheets and glaciers |
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Which of the following is a true statement about groundwater? |
Water in a groundwater system is stored in subsurface pore spaces and fractures. |
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In the ___, groundwater fills the pore space. |
Zone of saturation |
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The water table ____. |
Surface is a subdued version of the surface topography |
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A ___ is separated from the groundwater system by the unsaturated zone. |
Losing stream (disconnected) |
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How would the water table be affected if Earth were made up of uniform, permeable material? |
The water table would not exist. |
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Why does groundwater discharge to Earth’s surface? |
Earth’s surface is irregular, and permeability decreases with depth within Earth. |
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Which of the following would produce a LOWER water table? Choose all that apply. |
An increase in the amount of discharge to surface water A decrease in the amount of recharge to groundwater |
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How does the use of water by humans affect the water table? |
Use of water by humans increases discharge, resulting in lowered water tables. |
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What is the water table? |
The top of the saturated zone beneath Earth’s surface |
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How does the water table change around a pumping water well? |
The water table elevation decreases. |
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What is the cone of depression? |
The shape that the water table takes on near a pumping well. |
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When will a cone of depression stop enlarging? |
When the amount of water flowing toward the well equals the amount of water being pumped out of the well |
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When might a well, Well A, go dry? |
When the cone of depression of a second well intersects the deepest pat of Well A |
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A(n) ___ acts as a conduit that brings heated water to the surface. |
Fault |
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____ are intermittent springs that eject columns of water and steam at various time intervals. |
Geysers |
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What prevents water at the bottom of the underground caverns from boiling at the normal surface temperature? |
The pressure from the weight of overlying water causes the boiling point to increase. |
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Once overlying water heats to a sufficient temperature, it ___ and releases pressure on the water below. |
Flashes to steam |
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What happens after a geyser erupts? |
Cool groundwater seeps back into the underground chambers, and the cycle starts again. |
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Which common, rock-forming mineral or mineral group is most readily dissolved by groundwater? |
Calcite |
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An artesian system is present when groundwater ___. |
Under pressure rises above the aquifer level |
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A ___ is located where the pressure surface is above the aquifer, but below the ground. |
Nonflowing artesian well |
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If a well is drilled into an aquifer where the pressure surface is both above the aquifer and the ground, a __ is formed. |
Flowing artesian well |
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Which of the following is a requirement for an artesian system to exist? |
Aquitards must be present both above and below the aquifer |
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As shown by the South Dakota example, artesian systems ____. |
Are able to transmit water great distances from recharge to discharge areas |
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