Medical Terminology for Health Professions Ch.7-Medical Terms

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Alveoli

(Air sacs) Very small grapelike clusters found at the end of each bronchiole. Where oxygen and carbon dioxide get exchanged

Anoxia

Absence of oxygen from the body’s tissues and organs even though there is an adiquate flow of blood

Antitussive

(Cough medicine) Medicine administered to prevent or relieve coughing

Aphonia

Loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds

Asbestosis

Caused by asbestos particles in the lungs and usually occurs after working with asbestos

Asphyxia

Loss of consciousness that occurs when the body cannot get the oxygen it needs to function

Asthma

Inflammatory disease of the bronchial tubes, often triggered by an allergice reaction

Atelectasis

(Collapsed lung) The incomplete expansion of part or all of a lung due to a blockage of the air passages or pneumothorax

Bradypnea

Abnormally slow rate of repiration, usually of less than 10 breaths per minute

Bronchodilator

Medication that relaxes and expands the bronchial passages into the lungs

Bronchorrhea

Excessive discharge of mucus from the bronchi

Bronchoscopy

Visual examination of the bronchi using a bronchoscope

Bronchospasm

Contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles, tightening and squeezing the airway shut

Cheyne-Stokes Respiration

An irregular pattern of breathing characterized by alternating rapid or shallow repiration followed by slower respiration or apnea

Croup

Respiratory infection in children and infants characterized by obstruction of teh larynx, hoarseness, and swelling around the vocal cords resulting in a barking cough and stridor

Cyanosis

Bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membrances caused by a lack of adequate oxygen in the blood

Cystic Fibrosis

Life-threatening genetic diorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus

Diphtheria

Acute bacterial infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract

Dysphonia

Difficulty in speaking, which may include any impairment in vocal quality, including hoarseness, weakness, or the cracking of a boy’s voice during puberty

Dyspnea

(Shortness of breath(SOB)) Difficult or labored breathing

Emphysema

Progressive, long-term loss of lung function, usually due to smoking

Empyema

A collection of pus in a body cavity

Endotracheal Intubation

Passage of a tube through the mouth into the trachea to establish or maintain and open airway, especially whena patient is on a ventilator

Epistaxis

(Nose bleed) Bleeding from the nose that may be caused by dry air, an injury, medication to prevent blood clotting, or high blood pressure

Hemoptysis

Expectoration of blood or blood-stained sputum derived from the lungs or bronchial tubes as the result of a pulmonary or bronchial hemorrhage

Hemothorax

A collection of the blood in the pleural cavity

Hypercapnia

Abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood

Hyperpnea

Commonly associated with exertion, is breathing that is deeper and more rapid than is normal at rest

Hypopnea

Shallow or slow respiration

Hypoxemia

Condition of having low oxygen levels in the blood, usually due to respiratory disorders or heart conditions

Hypoxia

Having deficient oxygen levels in the body’s tissues and organs; however, it is less severe than anoxia

Laryngectomy

Surgical removal of the larynx

Laryngitis

Inflammation of the larynx

Laryngoscopy

Visual examination of the larynx and vocal cords using a flexible or rigid laryngoscope inserted through the mouth

Laryngospasm

Sudden spasmodic closure of the larynx

Mediastinum

Middle section of the chest cavity and is located between the lungs

Nebulizer

Electronic device that pumps air or oxygen through a liquid medicine to turn it into a mist, which is then inhled by the patient via a face mask or mouthpiece

Otolaryngologist

((ENT) ear, nose, throat) Physician with specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders for the head and neck

Pertussis

(Whooping cough) Contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract that is characterized by recurrent bouts of a paroxysmal cough, followed by breathlessness and a noisy inspiration

Pharyngitis

(Sore throat) Inflammation of the pharynx

Phlegm

Mucus secreted by the tissues lining the respiratory passages

Pleurisy

(Pleuritis) Inflammation of the pleura, the memebranes that cover the lungs and line the pleural cavity

Pleurodynia

Sharp pain that occurs when the inflamed membranes rub against each other with each inhalation

Pneumoconiosis

Any fibrosis of the lung tissues caused by dust in the lungs after prolonged environmental or occupational contact

Pneumonectomy

Surgical removal of all or part of the lung

Polysomnography

(Sleep study) Measures physiological activity during sleep and is often performed to detect nocturnal defects in breathing associated with sleep apnea

Pulmonologist

Physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the respiratory system

Pulse Oximeter

External monitor placed on teh patient’s fingertip or earlobe to measre the oxygen saturation level in the blood

Pyothorax

(Empyema of the pleural cavity) The presence of pus in the pleural cavity between the layers of the pleural memebrane

Sinustitis

Inflammation of the sinuses

Sleep Apnea

Potentially serious disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep for long-enough periods to cause a measurable decrease in blood oxygen levels

Spirometer

Recording device that measures the amount of air inhaled or exhaled and the length of time required for each breath

Tachypnea

Abnormally rapid rate of respiration usually of more than 20 breaths per minute

Thoracentesis

Surgical puncture of the chest wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity

Thoracotomy

Surgical incision into the chest walls to open the pleural cavity for biopsy or treatment

Tracheostomy

Surgical creation of a stoma into the trachea to insert a temporary or permanent tube to facilitate breathing

Tracheotomy

Procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea to gain access to teh airway below a blockage

Tuberculosis

Infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, usually attacks the lungs; however, it can also affect other parts of the body

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