Mastering Physics Electric Current

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A diode converts ac to pulsed dc. What electrical device smoothes the pulsed dc to a smoother dc?

A capacitor

An electric current of 5 amperes in a wire carries ___

5 coulombs per second

Between a watt, a kilowatt, and a kilowatt-hour, which is a unit of power and which is a unit of energy?

A watt is power, a kilowatt is power, and a kilowatt-hour is energy.

What does it mean to say that a certain current is 60 Hz?

It alternates back and forth 60 times a second.

When the filament breaks in one lamp in a parallel circuit, lamps in other branches of the circuit normally

continue glowing as brightly

How does the heat emitted by lamps affect their efficiency?

Heat emitted reduces the efficiency.

Why does a wire that carries electric current become hot?

Moving electrons collide with atoms, which transfers their kinetic energy to atomic motion.

How does wetness affect the resistance of your body?

Wet bodies have lower resistance.

The electric resistance in a length of wire is doubled when the wire is _________.

twice as long

When you make your household electric payment at the end of the month, are you billed for voltage, current, power, or energy?

energy

Does a battery produce dc or ac? Does the generator at a commercial power station produce dc or ac?

The battery is dc; the generator is ac.

What is the error in saying the source of electrons in a circuit is the battery or generator?

Wires are full of mobile electrons.

Does electric charge flow across a circuit or through a circuit? Does voltage flow across a circuit or is it impressed across a circuit?

Charge flows through and voltage is impressed across a circuit.

Will water flow more easily through a wide pipe or a narrow pipe? Will current flow more easily through a thick wire or a thin wire?

Wide pipe and thick wire

When your body undergoes electric shock, the source of moving electrons is ________

electrons already in your body

What condition is necessary for the sustained flow of water in a pipe? What analogous condition is necessary for the sustained flow of charge in a wire?

A continuous pressure difference, often provided by a pump, is needed for water to flow. A continuous potential difference, often provided by a battery, is needed for charge to flow.

At what speed do electrons in a battery driven automotive circuit travel along a wire? At what speed does the electric field propagate along a wire?

Electrons move at 0.01 cm/s. The electric field propagates at nearly the speed of light.

In a circuit of two lamps in parallel, where there is a voltage of 6 V across one lamp, what is the voltage across the other lamp

6 volts

When the filament breaks in one lamp in a series circuit, other lamps in the circuit normally ___

go out

Electric power in a circuit is the rate at which __

energy dissipates

The entity that travels about the speed of light in an electric circuit is __

electric field

A voltage source in a circuit provides electrical _________

pressure

What is the function of fuse or circuit breaker in a circuit?

To prevent over loading the circuit with current

What is meant by drift velocity?

The net flow of electrons along a wire.

If the resistance of a circuit remains constant while the voltage across the circuit decreases to half its former value, what change occurs in the current?

It is cut in half.

Why are electrons, rather than protons, the principal charge carriers in metal wires?

Electrons are free to move through the metal, whereas protons are fixed in place.

Name two kinds of practical "electric pumps."

Batteries and automobile alternators

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