Mastering CH 7 Special

Transcription produces what?

mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA are all produced by transcription.

Which of the following makes mRNA from the info stored in a DNA template?
a. ribosomes
b. RNA polymerase
c. DNA polymerase
d. tRNA

b. RNA polymerase

Which type of RNA is involved in bringing amino acids to the ribosome?

tRNA

Which type of RNA is translated into protein?

mRNA

What is the initial target of RNA polymerase?
a. the promoter
b. the terminator region
c. the template DNA

a. the promoter

RNA polymerase is guided by the….
a. RNA strand
b. coding strand of DNA
c. template strand of DNA

c. template strand of DNA

RNA that has hydrogen bonded to itself forms a ____.

Stem loop

How would one increase the concentration of a particular polypeptide in a cell?
a. increase the concentration of promoters
b. increase the amount of DNA
c. increase the level of transcription

c. increase the level of transcription

During elongation, how is the RNA synthesized? (what direction)

5′ to 3′

What enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds during replication?

DNA helicase

How do stabilizing proteins work on the DNA?
a. they bind to the double-stranded DNA
b. they use ATP to break the hydrogen bonds
c. they bind to the single-stranded DNA
d. they form the replication fork

c. they bind to the single-stranded DNA

In which direction does the replication fork move?
a. it moves ahead of the newly synthesized DNA
b. it moves ahead of the unzipped DNA
c. it moves from the double-stranded to the single-stranded DNA
d. it moves towards the stabilizing proteins

a. it moves ahead of the newly synthesized DNA

What ensures that the single strands of DNA do not come back together?
a. the replication fork
b. ATP
c. DNA helicase
d. stabilizing proteins

d. stabilizing proteins

What are the products of semiconservative replication for a double-stranded DNA molecule?

Two double-stranded DNA molecules, each consisting of one parental strand and one daughter strand.

Why is DNA replication essential for a cell?

An organism must copy its DNA to pass genetic information to its offspring

What characteristic of DNA allows two connected DNA polymerases to synthesize both the leading and lagging strands?

DNA is flexible!

What is the function of the connector proteins?

They link the leading strand DNA polymerase and the lagging strand DNA polymerase together.

Name three terms associated with Okazaki fragments.

Lagging strand, DNA ligase, and discontinuous.

Why is the DNA synthesis of the lagging strand considered discontinuous?

The synthesis is moving in the opposite direction from the replication fork.

What results from the process of translation?

A polypeptide

How is bacterial translation different from eukaryotic translation?

Bacteria can begin translation before transcription has terminated.

Ribosomes move along the mRNA in which direction?

5′ to 3′

The start codon also codes for which amino acid?

Methionine

How many codons code for the amino acid arginine?

Six!

GAU codes for _____.
a. proline
b. tryptophan
c. aspartic acid
d. serine

c. aspartic acid

Which amino acid is coded by only one codon?
a. Tyr
b. His
c. Phe
d. Trp

d. Trp

What would happen if the DNA sequence that coded for Cys was mutated in the third position from a U to an A?

A stop codon would be introduced prematurely.

During the initiation step of translation, the fMET charged tRNA assembles in which site?

P site

How does the ribosome know if the entering charged tRNA is correct?

The anticodon on the tRNA base pairs to the codon on the mRNA.

Where would one find an uncharged tRNA molecule in a ribosome?

In the P and E sites

What kind of bond is formed when two amino acids join together?

A peptide bond

How is translation terminated?

When a protein called a release factor enters and binds to the A site

What occurs during transcription?

A molecule of RNA is formed based on the sequence of nucleotides in DNA

Which of the following is correct about mRNA?
a. mRNA binds directly to amino acids during translation
b.mRNA moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm following RNA processing
c. mRNA is transcribed from DNA in the cytoplasm

b. mRNA moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm following RNA processing

The site of translation is the ____.

ribosomes in the cell cytoplasm

Which of the following builds new strands of DNA?
a. the origin of replication
b. parental DNA
c. DNA polymerases
d. leading strand

c. DNA polymerases

Which molecule seals the gaps between the pieces of DNA in the lagging strand?

DNA ligase

A haploid cell has ____.
a. more than one chromosome
b. only one chromosome
c. two copies of each chromosome
d. a single copy of each of its chromosomes

d. a single copy of each of its chromosomes

Which region of a ribosome holds the growing polypeptide?

the P site

The process of copying DNA into the form of RNA is called _____.

transcription

Why must primase be used before DNA polymerase when replicating DNA?

Primase provides an RNA primer with a 3′ end on which DNA polymerase can act

In which direction does DNA polymerase synthesize DNA for the lagging strand?

5′ to 3′