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The ultimate energy source that supports most life on Earth is _____. |
sunlight |
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Plants are photosynthetic autotrophs. What does this mean? |
They use light energy to drive the synthesis of organic molecules. |
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The photosynthetic membranes are found in the _____ in plant cells. |
chloroplasts |
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The end products of photosynthesis are _____ and _____. |
glucose … oxygen |
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Which of the following includes some of the benefits of photosynthesis? |
It is an oxygen source as well as a source of stored energy. |
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Which of the following is produced by the light reactions of photosynthesis and consumed by the Calvin cycle? |
NADPH |
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In the electromagnetic spectrum, the type of radiation that we call visible light occurs between __________. |
UV radiation and infrared radiation |
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As a consequence of the work of the biologist, Theodor Engelmann, others showed that chloroplasts absorb light mainly in the _____ and _____ part of the spectrum. |
blue-violet … red-orange |
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Which of the following is a pigment that participates directly in the light reactions by absorbing mainly blue-violet and red light? |
chlorophyll a |
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When light strikes chlorophyll molecules, they lose electrons, which are ultimately replaced by other electrons obtained by __________. |
splitting water |
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The overall function of the Calvin cycle is __________. |
making sugar |
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Which of the following provides a source of energy for the Calvin Cycle? |
NADPH |
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Forests are considered carbon storage sinks because __________. |
carbon dioxide is used in the Calvin cycle to make sugar |
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Which of the following is a good reason for using fast-growing trees as fuel? |
Vigorously growing plants remove a lot of carbon dioxide from the air. |
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Which of the following leaf types would be the most efficient at absorbing sunlight? |
Large, broad leaves |
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Which of the following structures allows for gas exchange between the tissues of a leaf and the atmosphere? |
Stomata |
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True or false. Guard cells open during the day to allow gases to flow through the stomata. |
True |
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Which of these equations best summarizes photosynthesis? |
6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2 |
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The light reactions of photosynthesis use _____ and produce _____. |
water … NADPH |
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_____ has a longer wavelength than _____. |
Red … green |
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Which of these types of organisms produce the biosphere’s food supply? |
autotrophs |
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In a rosebush, chlorophyll is located in _____. |
thylakoids, which are in chloroplasts in the mesophyll cells of a leaf |
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How does carbon dioxide enter the leaf? |
through the stomata |
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Chlorophyll molecules are in which part of the chloroplast? |
grana |
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You could distinguish a granum from a mitochondrial membrane because the granum, but not the mitochondrial membrane, would __________. |
have photosynthetic pigments |
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Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are similar in that both involve __________. |
redox reactions |
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The photosynthetic event known as the Calvin cycle occurs in the _____. |
stroma |
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The "photo-" part of the word "photosynthesis" refers to __________, whereas "-synthesis" refers to __________. |
the light reactions that occur in the thylakoids … the incorporation of carbon dioxide |
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The wavelengths of light absorbed by pigments in the granum are mainly in which range? |
blue-violet and red-orange |
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Which one of the following colors is most strongly reflected by chlorophyll? |
green |
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Which of these wavelengths is least useful for photosynthesis? |
green |
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The most important role of pigments in photosynthesis is to __________. |
capture light energy |
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When chloroplast pigments absorb light, __________. |
their electrons become excited |
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The synthesis of glucose by photosynthesis requires energy. The source of the energy for the excited electrons is _____. |
light |
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The source of the oxygen produced by photosynthesis has been identified through experiments using radioactive tracers. The oxygen comes from _____. |
water |
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The light reactions of photosynthesis generate high-energy electrons, which end up in _____. The light reactions also produce _____ and _____. |
NADPH … ATP … oxygen |
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Where do the electrons needed by the water-splitting photosystem originate? |
water |
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Which of the following occurs during the light reactions? |
remove electrons from H2O |
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The _____ of photosynthesis performs a task similar to that of the _____ of cellular respiration. |
NADPH … NADH |
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Both mitochondria and chloroplasts __________. |
use an H+ gradient to produce ATP |
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The energy used to produce ATP in the light reactions of photosynthesis comes from __________. |
movement of H+ through a membrane |
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Why is NADP+ needed in photosynthesis? |
It forms NADPH to be used in the Calvin cycle. |
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In photosynthesis, what is the fate of the oxygen atoms present in CO2? They end up __________. |
in sugar molecules and in water |
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In photosynthesis, plants use carbon from _____ to make sugar and other organic molecules. |
carbon dioxide |
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The Calvin cycle is a series of reactions that __________. |
assemble sugar molecules by incorporating carbon |
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The reactions of the Calvin cycle are not directly dependent on light, but they usually do not occur at night. Why? |
The Calvin cycle depends on products of the light reactions. |
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