Nuclei are present during _______ |
interphase |
Cytokinesis one, but not always, accompanies _______ |
telophase |
chromosomes become visible during ______ |
prophase |
centrosomes divide and sister chromatids become full-fledged chromosomes during ______ |
anaphase |
spindle fibers attach to kinetochores during _____ |
pro metaphase |
during prophase a homologous pair of chromosomes consists of _____ |
two chromosomes and four chromatids |
in some organisms, cells undergo the cell cycle repeatedly without subsequently undergoing cytokinesis. what would result from this? |
large cells containing many nuclei |
cytochalasin B is a chemical that disrupts microfilament formation. how would this interfere with cell division? |
cleavage |
a human bone marrow cell, in prophase of mitosis, contains 46 chromosomes. how many chromatids does it contain? |
92 |
why is it difficult to observe individual chromosomes with a light microscope during interphase? |
they have uncoiled to form long, thin strands |
eukaryotic chromosomes are composed of which of the following macromolecules? |
DNA and proteins |
which of the following is true of kinetochores? |
they are at sites which microtubules attach to chromosomes |
which of the following events occurs during interphase of the cell cycle? |
replication of the DNA |
a cleavage furrow is ______ |
a groove in the plasma membrane between daughter nuclei |
which of these phases encompass all of the stages of mitosis but no other events? |
mitosis |
during ______ both the contents of the nucleus and the cytoplasm are divided |
the mitotic phase |
during ______ the cell grows and replicates both organelles and its chromosomes |
interphase |
which of the following statements are true of cytokinesis in plant cells? |
the cell plate consists of the plasma membrane and cell wall that will eventually separate the two daughter cells; vesicles from the Golgi apparatus move along microtubules, coalesce at the plane of cell division, and form a cell plate |
DNA replication produces two identical DNA molecules, called _______ which separate during mitosis |
sister chromatids |
after chromosomes condense, the _______ is the region where the identical DNA molecules are most tightly attached to each other |
centromere |
during mitosis, microtubules attach to chromosomes at the _______ |
kinetochores |
in dividing cells, most of the cell’s growth occurs during _______ |
interphase |
the _______ is a cell structure that consists of microtubules, which forms during early mitosis and plays a role in cell division |
mitotic spindles |
during interphase, most of the nucleus is filled with a complex of DNA and protein in a dispersed form called _______ |
chromatin |
in most eukaryotes, division of the nucleus is followed by _______ when the rest go the cell divides |
cytokinesis |
the _______ are the organizing centers for microtubules involved in separating chromosomes during mitosis |
centrosomes |
non-dividing cells exit the cell cycle |
G1 phase |
at this point, the cell commits to go through the cell cycle |
G1 checkpoint |
DNA replicates |
S phase |
centrosome replicates |
G2 phase |
mitotic spindle begins to form |
M phase |
cell divides, forming two daughter cells |
M checkpoint |
scientists isolate a group of cells with 1 1/2 times more DNA than the G1 phase cells. what is the most likely part of the cell cycle from which these cells were isolated? |
the S phase |
in the cells of many eukaryotic species, the nuclear envelope has to disappear to permit which of the following events in the cell cycle? |
attachment of microtubules to kinetochores |
metaphase is characterized by _______ |
alignment of chromosomes on the equator of the cell |
how is plant cell cytokinesis different from animal cell cytokinesis? |
plant cells deposit vesicles containing cell wall building blocks on the metaphase plate; animal cells form a cleavage furrow |
Taxol is a drug that prevents microtubule depolymerization. thus, Taxol stops mitosis by interfering with which of the following structures or processes? |
the mitotic spindle |
movement of the chromosomes during anaphase would be most affected by a drug that prevents which of the following events in mitosis and cell division? |
shortening of microtubules |
measured DNA levels ranged from 3 to 6 picograms per nucleus. in which stage of the cell cycle did the nucleus contain 6 pg of DNA? |
G2 phase |
during which phase of mitosis do the chromatids become chromosomes? |
anaphase |
if the cell whose nuclear material is lined up int he middle of the ell continues toward completion of mitosis, which of the following events would occur next? |
formation of telophase nuclei |
which if the following events occurs during interphase of the cell cycle? |
replication of the DNA |
what is true of all cancers? |
they have escaped normal cell cycle controls |
how do cancer cells differ rom normal cells? |
cancer cells may be immortal |
the drug Cytochalasin B blocks the function of actin. which of the following aspects of the animal cell cycle would be most disrupted by cytochalasin B? |
cleavage furrow formation and cytokinesis |
which of the following does NOT occur in mitosis |
replication of the DNA |
in which phase are homologous chromosomes aligned at the equator of the spindle? |
metaphase I |
what is crossing over? |
the exchange of homologous portions of non sister chromatids |
which of the following occurs during meiosis but not during mitosis? |
synapsis occurs |
in a human karyotype, chromosomes are arranged in 23 pairs. if we choose one of these pairs, such as pair 14, which of the following do the two chromosomes of the pair have in common? |
length, centromere position, staining patter, and traits coded for by their genes |
asexual reproduction ______ |
produces offspring genetically identical to the parent |
meiosis I produces ______ cells, each of which is ______ |
two…..haploid |
meiosis II typically produces ______ cells, each of which is ______ |
four…..haploid |
during ______ sister chromatids separate |
anaphase II |
at the end of ______ and cytokinesis, haploid cells contain chromosomes that each consist of two sister chromatids |
telophase I |
synapsis occurs during ______ |
prophase I |
homologous chromosomes migrate to opposite poles during ______ |
anaphase I |
during ______ chromosomes align single file along the equator of a haploid cell |
metaphase II |
at the end of ______ and cytokinesis, there are 4 haploid cells |
telophase II |
during ______ a spindle forms in a haploid cell |
prophase II |
which of the following statements defines a genome? |
the complete set of an organisms genes and other DNA sequences |
asexual reproduction occurs during which of the following processes? |
mitosis |
which of the following is correct in comparing sexual and asexual reproduction? |
in sexual reproduction, individuals transmit half of their nuclear genes to each of their offspring |
which of the following characteristics do homologous chromosomes exhibit? |
they carry information for the same traits |
which of the following describes the chromosomal makeup of each daughter cell after telophase of meiosis I? |
the cells are haploid, and each chromosome us composed of 2 chromatids |
how do cells as the completion of meiosis compare with cells that are in prophase of meiosis I? |
the cells have half the number of chromosomes and 1/4 the amount of DNA |
during which of the following processes do sister chromatids separate from each other? |
during both meiosis II and mitosis |
which of the following processes occur during meiosis but not mitosis? |
diploid cells form haploid cells |
during which of the following phases of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate? |
anaphase I |
which of the following statements describes a major difference between meiosis II and mitosis in a diploid animal? |
meiosis II occurs in a haploid cell, while mitosis occurs in a diploid cell |
which of the following describes a major difference between mitosis and meiosis I in a diploid organism |
sister chromatids separate in mitosis, while homologous pairs of chromosomes separate in meiosis I |
which of the following describes one characteristic of each chromosome in a cell during the entire process of meiosis I? |
each chromosome consists of 2 sister chromatids joined by a centromere |
crossing over of chromosomes normally takes place during which of the following processes |
meiosis I |
during which of the following processes do homologous pairs of chromosomes align adjacent to one another at the metaphase plate of a cell |
metaphase I of meiosis |
during which of the following phases of meiosis do centromeres split and sister chromatids migrate to opposite poles of the cell |
anaphase II |
during which of the following processes does independent assortment of chromosomes occur? |
in meiosis I only |
which of the following processes occurs when homologous chromosomes cross over in meiosis I? |
corresponding segments of non-sister chromatids are exchanged |
homologous chromosomes are aligned at the equator of the spindle at ______ |
metaphase I |
if crossing over did NOT occur, which of the following about meiosis would be true? |
there would be less genetic variation among gametes |
what is the best evidence telling you whether this cell is diploid or haploid? |
the cell is diploid because it contains two sets of chromosomes |
how are sister chromatids and homologous chromosomes different from each other? |
homologous chromosomes contain the same gene loci but may have different alleles of a particular gene. sister chromatids are identical copies of each other |
which statement correctly describes how cellular DNA content and ploidy levels change during meiosis I and meiosis II? |
DNA content is halved in both meiosis I and meiosis II. ploidy level changes from diploid to haploid in meiosis I, and remains haploid in meiosis II |
which of the following statements is true of a species that has a chromosome number 2n=16? |
each diploid cell has 8 homologous pairs of chromosomes |
which of the following characteristics do homologous chromosomes exhibit? |
they carry information for the same traits |
which of the following events happens at the conclusion of meiosis I? |
homologous chromosomes of a pair are separated from each other |
which of the following processes occurs in meiosis but not mitosis? |
synapsis of chromosomes |
which of the following describes a major different between meiosis II and mitosis in a diploid animal? |
meiosis II occurs in a haploid cell, while mitosis occurs in diploid cells |
independent assortment of chromosomes is a result of which of the following processes? |
the random way each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the metaphase plate during meiosis I |
how does natural selection apply to sexual reproduction as opposed to asexual reproduction |
sexual reproduction results in many new gene combinations, some of which will lead to different reproduction |
which of the following statements describes a major difference between mitosis and meiosis I in a diploid organism? |
sister chromatids separate in mitosis, while homologous pairs of chromosomes separate in meiosis I |
Mastering Biology Ch. 12-16
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