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<b>Typically, the upper part of a bryophyte capsule that contains the spores features a ring of interlocking, tooth-like structures known as the __________.</b>
A. Seta
B. Strobili
C. Protonema
D. Microphyll
E. Peristome
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E. Peristome
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<b>The tissue called phloem has what function in vascular plants?</b>
A. Dispersal of spores
B. Conduction of water and minerals
C. Bearing of sporangia
D. Distribution of sugars, amino acids, and other organic products
E. Absorption of water and minerals from the soil
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D. Distribution of sugars, amino acids, and other organic products
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<b>Where would you find a fern gametophyte?</b>
A. In a freshwater stream
B. On the underside of the leaf (frond)
C. On moist soil
D. Attached to the underground stem (rhizoids)
E. Inside a dissected seed
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C. On moist soil
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<b>Which of the following is a genus in the phylum Monilophyta?</b>
A. Sphagnum
B. Marchantia
C. Equisetum
D. Isoetes
E. Selaginella
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C. Equisetum
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<b>Water is brought into mosses primarily by __________.</b>
A. Rhizoids
B. Diffusion through all cells
C. Leaves
D. Xylem
E. Roots
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B. Diffusion through all cells
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<b>A major division in plant systematics is based on whether a particular species has __________.</b>
A. Vascular tissue
B. Sporophytes
C. Apical meristems
D. Alternation of generations
E. Gametophytes
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A. Vascular tissue
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<b>Which of the following is true of the life cycle of bryophytes?</b>
A. Gametes are transported through mutualisms with animals
B. The gametophyte remains attached to and dependent on the sporophyte
C. None of the listed statements is true of the life cycle of mosses
D. A moist environment is required for sexual reproduction
E. Reproduction is only asexual
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D. A moist environment is required for sexual reproduction
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<b>In what way do megasporangia differ from microsporangia?</b>
A. Megasporangia are possessed only by vascular plants, wheras microsporangia are present on all land plants
B. Microsporangia are the early developmental stages of megasporangia
C. Megasporangia produce spores that develop into female gametophytes, whereas microsporangia produce spores that develop into male gametophytes
D. Megasporangia produce many times the number of spores produced by microsporangia
E. Megasporangia produce spores that are protected by sporopollenin, whereas microsporangia produce naked spores
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C. Megasporangia produce spores that develop into female gametophytes, whereas microsporangia produce spores that develop into male gametophytes
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<b>The embryophytes are __________.</b>
A. The masses of one-cell-thick filaments through which mosses absorb water and minerals
B. The structures of a moss that produce and house eggs
C. The haploid stage in plant alteration of generations
D. The land plants
E. A protist group that possesses some of the reproductive traits of plants
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D. The land plants
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<b>The development of the __________ prevents plants from drying out and protects them from microbes.</b>
A. Flavonoid
B. Apical meristem
C. Gametangia
D. Stomata
E. Cuticle
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E. Cuticle
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<b>The "dots" on the underside of a fern frond are spore cases; therefore, what is true of the plant to which the frond belongs?</b>
A. It is a gamete
B. It is a spore
C. It is a spermatophyte
D. It is a sporophyte
E. It is a gametophyte
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D. It is a sporophyte
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<b>In sporophyte ferns, the leaves are __________.</b>
A. Megaphylls
B. Blades
C. Microphylls
D. Sporangia
E. Thalli
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A. Megaphylls
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<b>Which is a key difference between alternation of generations in plants and sexual reproduction in nonplant organisms?</b>
A. In other sexually reproducing organisms, the fusion of gametes forms a zygote before an embryo
B. In plants, the haploid and diploid stages are both multicellular
C. In other sexually reproducing organisms, the haploid and diploid generations are both multicellular
D. In plants, only the haploid stage is multicellular
E. In plants, the haploid generation is always dependent on the diploid generation
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B. In plants, the haploid and diploid stages are both multicellular
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<b>What characteristic of Sphagnum peatlands is responsible for their ability to inhibit decomposition?</b>
A. All of the listed characteristics inhibit decomposition
B. Phenolic compounds produced by Sphagnum
C. Low pH
D. Low temperature
E. Low oxygen
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A. All of the listed characteristics inhibit decomposition
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<b>What is advantage is conferred to algae and plants that possess sporopollenin?</b>
A. Reproductive cells are more resistant to desiccation
B. Spores are protected by toxins that deter consumption
C. Sexual reproduction can occur through the transfer of pollen
D. Asexual reproduction is possible
E. The haploid stage of the life cycle can be eliminated
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A. Reproductive cells are more resistant to desiccation
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<b>Fern gametophytes are __________.</b>
A. Produced from haploid gametes
B. Free-living, multicellular organisms
C. Found on the underside of fern leaves (fronds)
D. Part of the asexual life cycle
E. Photosynthetic diploid organisms
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B. Free-living, multicellular organisms
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<b>Sori can be found in which of the following?</b>
A. Pterophytes
B. Mosses
C. Hornworts
D. Charophyceans
E. Liverworts
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A. Pterophytes
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<b>The antheridia of mosses produce __________.</b>
A. Leaves
B. Bugs
C. Eggs
D. Spores
E. Sperm
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E. Sperm
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<b>Alternation of generations in all land plants is between __________.</b>
A. Two anatomically distinct multicellular diploid organisms
B. A multicellular haploid organism and a multicellular diploid organism
C. A single-celled haploid organism and a multicellular diploid organism
D. Two anatomically distinct multicellular diploid organisms
E. A multicellular haploid organism and a single-celled diploid organism
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B. A multicellular haploid organism and a multicellular diploid organism
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<b>To examine meiosis in ferns, you would study __________.</b>
A. The sporangia
B. The antheridia
C. Both the antheridia and the archegonia
D. The archegonia
E. Both the archegonia and the sporangia
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A. The sporangia
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<b>What structures allow plants to readily take up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?</b>
A. Stomata
B. Cuticles
C. Gametangia
D. Capsules
E. Mitochondria
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A. Stomata
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<b>Which of the following statements about algae and plants is true?</b>
A. Plants have rigid cellulose walls, and algal cells do not
B. Plants are multicellular whereas algae are unicellular
C. Both plant and algal zygotes develop into embryos
D. Algae have different types of chlorophyll molecules from plants
E. Plants have a waxy, waterproof cuticle, and algae do not
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E. Plants have a waxy, waterproof cuticle, and algae do not
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<b>During what period did seedless vascular plants form extensive forests of tall trees?</b>
A. Silurian
B. Triassic
C. Ordovician
D. Carboniferous
E. Permian
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D. Carboniferous
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<b>Evidence suggests that land plants arose from within which protist lineage?</b>
A. Ciliates
B. Cercozoans
C. Choanoflagellates
D. Chlorophytes
E. Charophytes
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E. Charophytes
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<b>Which of the following is a trait unique to land plants?</b>
A. Cellulose
B. Chloroplasts
C. All of the listed traits are unique to land plants
D. Multicellular structures for carrying out photosynthesis
E. Walled spores produced in sporangia
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E. Walled spores produced in sporangia
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<b>In moving to land, plants had to overcome which of the following challenges?</b>
A. Competition from other photosynthetic organisms, such as cyanobacteria
B. Desiccation
C. Less available CO2 in the atmosphere than in the oceans
D. Many herbivores on land
E. All of the listed responses are correct
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B. Desiccation
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<b>Which of the following are traits shared by land plants and their closest relatives among the algae?</b>
A. Structure of flagellated sperm
B. All of the listed traits of land plants are present in their closest relatives among the algae
C. All of the listed traits evolved exclusively in algae
D. Formation of a phragmoplast
E. Rings of cellulose-synthesizing proteins in the plasma membrane
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B. All of the listed traits of land plants are present in their closest relatives among the algae
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<b>The gametophyte stage of the plant life cycle is most conspicuous in __________.</b>
A. Ferns
B. Seed plants
C. Horsetails
D. Mosses
E. Club mosses
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D. Mosses
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<b>How are gametes produced by bryophytes?</b>
A. By meiosis of sporophyte cells
B. By meiosis of spores
C. By meiosis of gametophyte cells
D. By mitosis of spores
E. By mitosis of gametophyte cells
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E. By mitosis of gametophyte cells
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<b>What is the evolutionary significance of megaphylls?</b>
A. They allow plants to grow taller
B. They increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients
C. They are modified leaves that have sporangia
D. They increase the surface area for photosynthesis
E. They provide a way to transport water and nutrients throughout the plant’s body
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D. They increase the surface area for photosynthesis
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