Which of the following hormones has intracellular receptors? |
cortisol (steroid-based) |
What is the mechanism of action of lipid-soluble hormones? |
activation of mRNA, which increases protein synthesis in the cell |
After a lipid-soluble hormone is bound to its intracellular receptor, what does the hormone complex do? |
acts as a transcription factor and binds to DNA, activating a gene |
Which hormone's receptor is always bound to DNA, even when the receptor is empty? |
Thyroid hormone (lipid soluble) |
What keeps intracellular receptors from binding to DNA before a hormone binds to the receptor? |
chaperone proteins (chaperonins) |
What type of hormones bind to receptors located on the cell membrane? |
water-soluble hormones, such as insulin and epinephrine |
Which intracellular substance degrades cAMP, thus inactivating the response to a hormone? |
Phosphoidesterase |
Growth factor hormones, such as insulin, bind to which type of receptor? |
Tyrosine Kinase receptors |
Which is the correct order of events for hormones activating G proteins? |
activation of G protein, binding of GTP, activation of adenylate cyclase, conversion of ATP to cAMP |
Which second messenger causes the release of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum? |
IP3 |
Which of the following adrenergic receptors increase cAMP levels? |
beta receptors |