|
A somatic motor neuron carries |
motor commands to the skeletal musculature. |
|
The peripheral nerve fibers that measure the degree of stretch in the biceps brachii muscle and its tendons are classified as |
general somatic sensory. |
|
The peripheral nerve fibers that speed up the movement of the digestive tract are classified as |
general visceral motor (efferent). |
|
Special somatic senses have receptors that are located mostly in the head, including hearing and balance and vision. |
True |
|
General visceral sensory impulses include pain, temperature, nausea, and hunger. |
True |
|
The somatic motor subdivision of the peripheral nervous system is considered to be an involuntary nervous system. |
False |
|
Motor neurons __________. |
form junctions with effector cells, stimulating muscles to contract or glands to secrete |
|
What is the function of synaptic vesicles inside axon terminals? |
store and release neurotransmitters |
|
What is the function of Nissl (chromatophilic) bodies? |
They continually renew cell membranes and proteins of the cytosol. |
|
The processes of __________ are in contact with neurons, allowing this type of cell to sense the release of glutamate from neurons. They extract glucose from capillaries to obtain energy. |
astrocytes |
|
These regions of a neuron are also referred to as terminal boutons. |
axon terminal |
|
Chemical signals diffuse between neurons at this location. |
synapse |
|
This region of the neuron contains a single nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm. |
cell body |
|
This neuronal region transmits electrical impulses away from the cell body. |
axon |
|
Most synapses transmit communicating signals using |
chemical signaling molecules-neurotransmitters. |
|
The majority of neurons in the body are |
multipolar. |
|
Which cells are the macrophages of the CNS? |
microglial cells |
|
Of the following, which is the only structure that is found in the PNS, as opposed to in the CNS? |
a ganglion |
|
Which of the following statements concerning sensory neurons is incorrect? |
They contain only dendrites. |
|
Most tumors in the brain originate from |
glial cells. |
|
Which cells provide the myelin sheath for neurons in the CNS? |
oligodendrocyctes |
|
Which relatively rare type of neuron has two processes extending from opposite sides of the cell body? |
bipolar |
|
These glial cells surround the cell bodies of sensory neurons within ganglia of the PNS. |
satellite cells |
|
These glial cells arise from embryonic white blood cells. |
microglia |
|
Action potentials travel along the |
axon membrane. |
|
Myelin on axons functions to |
speed the rate of impulse conduction and insulate neighboring axons from one another. |
|
Which cells provide the myelin sheath for neurons in the PNS? |
Schwann cells |
|
Nonmyelinated axons |
conduct impulses more slowly than myelinated axons. |
|
A node of Ranvier (myelin sheath gap) |
is a bare region of axonal membrane in myelinated axons only. |
|
The difference between myelinated and unmyelinated axons is that |
Schwann cells wrap around myelinated axons in concentric layers |
|
Ciliated neuroglial cells that form an epithelium and play an active role in forming and moving cerebrospinal fluid are |
ependymal cells. |
|
The chemical substance that is released at axon terminals is called a |
neurotransmitter. |
|
Which of the following statements describes interneurons? |
Interneurons are multipolar neurons that are confined to the CNS and are linked together in chains that form complex neuronal pathways. |
|
Most neurons in the body are multipolar neurons. |
true |
|
Less than 15% of all neurons are interneurons. |
False |
|
Within the white matter of the CNS, axons traveling to similar destinations are bundled together in __________. |
tracts |
|
Nerve fascicles are bound into bundles by a wrapping of connective tissue called __________. |
perineurium |
|
__________matter is a mixture of neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, and neuroglia. |
gray |
|
The covering of a fascicle within a nerve is the |
perineurium |
|
The entire nerve is surrounded by a tough fibrous sheath called the |
epineurium |
|
Gray matter in the CNS contains all of the following except |
fiber tracts |
|
The simplest type of reflex, in which there is no interneuron between the sensory and motor neuron, is called a __________reflex. |
monosynaptic |
|
Which of the following sequences puts the components of a reflex arc in the correct order of their activation? |
receptor, sensory neuron, CNS integration center, motor neuron, effector |
|
Where is the structural link between the CNS and PNS located? |
in the gray matter of the CNS |
|
The white matter is the site where neuron cell bodies are clustered. |
False |
|
The somatic sensory division of the PNS __________. |
includes general senses of pressure, pain, vibration, and temperature in body wall and limbs |
|
__________neurons are rare neurons, but are located in the retina and in the olfactory mucosa. |
bipolar |
|
Glial cells that provide the myelin sheath in the CNS are __________. |
oligodendrocytes |
|
This tends to be the longest cytoplasmic projection from a neuron. |
axon |
|
A nerve cell is the same as a |
neuron. |
|
Which part or parts of the neuron are found in the white matter of the central nervous system? |
long axonal processes |
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