Which of the following would increase cardiac output to the greatest extent? a. decreased heart rate and increased stroke volume |
d |
Which of the following would increase heart rate? a. decreased activity of the sympathetic nervous system |
b |
How would an increase in the sympathetic nervous system increase stroke volume? a. increased contractility |
a |
By what mechanism would an increase in venous return increase stroke volume? a. decreased end diastolic volume |
c |
How would a decrease in blood volume affect both stroke volume and cardiac output? a. increased stroke volume and increased cardiac output |
c |
In the capillaries, hydrostatic pressure (HP) is exerted by __________. a. blood pressure |
a |
The net hydrostatic pressure (HP) is the hydrostatic pressure in the __________ minus hydrostatic pressure in the __________. a. capillary; interstitial fluid |
a |
Which of the following would reflect the typical net hydrostatic pressure (HP) at the arterial end of the capillary? a. 34 mm Hg |
a |
The colloid osmotic pressure in the capillary is caused by __________. a. proteins in the blood |
a |
Which net pressure draws fluid into the capillary? a. net osmotic pressure |
a |
Reabsorption of fluid into the capillary takes place at the arterial end or venous end of the capillary? a. arterial |
b |
The free-flowing blood located in the middle of a blood vessel is called _______. a. friction flow |
d |
The flow rate of a liquid is _______. a. directly proportional to the resistance |
d |
Which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched with the corresponding equipment used in this experiment? a. left beaker – blood flowing from the heart |
c |
Which of the following has the greatest effect on peripheral resistance? a. blood vessel diameter |
a |
How does the body decrease the blood vessel radius? a. vasodilation |
b |
When the radius of the flow tube is decreased, the _______. a. fluid flow rate decreases |
a |
During exercise, we might expect blood vessels in the skeletal muscle to be somewhat _______________ and the blood vessels in the digestive organs to be somewhat ____________. a. constricted, constricted |
c |
Laminar flow of the blood is achieved through _______. a. vasoconstriction and smooth muscle contraction |
b |
In this activity, which variable will be changed? a. vessel radius |
d |
Arteries that are closer to the heart _______. a. have more elastic tissue and must be able to withstand pressure changes |
a |
In the cardiovascular system, the pressure gradient is provided by _______. a. the force of contraction of the heart and peripheral resistance in the blood vessels |
a |
Blood flow is _______. a. inversely proportional to cardiac output |
d |
Which of the following result(s) in an increase in fluid flow rate? a. increase in radius diameter |
d |
Describe the plot of pressure versus flow rate. a. It was linear, and the flow rate increased with increased pressure. |
a |
In this activity, we changed the pressure delivered by the left beaker. This is analogous to _______. a. decreasing the radius of the blood vessel |
d |
During the ejection period, _______. a. blood is pumped into the aorta and the pulmonary trunk |
a |
Cardiac output is _______. a. equal to heart rate times stroke volume |
e |
The left side of the heart pumps blood _______. a. through the tricuspid valve and to the lungs |
b |
What variable(s) can the cardiovascular system alter to maintain blood pressure? a. heart rate, stroke volume and resistance |
a |
The volume in the pump when the pump piston is all the way down represents the _______. a. end systolic volume |
a |
When the flow tube radius increased, _______. a. resistance decreased |
d |
Which of the following stayed constant throughout this activity? a. pump rate |
b |
Which right flow tube radius resulted in the fastest flow rate? a. 5.0 mm |
a |
An increase in venous return will _______. a. increase stroke volume only |
b |
The overlap length of cardiac muscle in the healthy heart is _______. a. decreased as the heart is stretched |
b |
Afterload is the pressure threshold that must be exceeded to open _______. a. the tricuspid valve |
b |
An increased preload is equivalent to, or causes, a(n) _______. a. decreased EDV |
b |
Increase in stroke volume is a result of _______. a. increased contractility of the heart, increased EDV and increased preload |
a |
Which variable was altered in this activity? a. vessel radius |
b |
An increase in venous return _______. a. occurs during exercise |
a |
The flow rate in this activity _______. a. stayed constant, because pump rate increased as the stroke volume increased |
c |
Aortic valve stenosis is characterized by _______. a. thickening of the myocardium |
b |
In this activity, the right flow tube simulates the _______. a. pulmonary trunk |
b |
The compensating mechanisms tested in this activity include all of the following EXCEPT _______. a. increasing preload |
d |
In the activity, decreasing pressure in the right beaker is analogous to _______. a. decreasing afterload |
a |
Increasing the left flow tube radius corresponds to _______. a. increasing preload |
a |
In this activity, the pump simulates the _______. a. aortic semilunar valve |
d |
When the left flow tube radius was increased, _______. a. the stroke volume increased |
c |
Patients with aortic valve stenosis experience _______. a. an increase in chamber volume |
d |
Lab #3
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