Lab 3 Homework-Practice Quiz

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The axial skeleton includes all of the following except the ________.
A) vertebral column
B) pectoral and pelvic girdles
C) bony thorax
D) skull

vertebral column pectoral and pelvic girdles bony thorax skull

In the fetus, ________.
a) the head is proportionally smaller than the body
b) the limbs are proportionally longer than the trunk
c) the head is proportionally larger than the body
d) the limbs are proportionally shorter than the trunk

c) the head is proportionally larger than the body page 136

These are the cheek bones of the face.
a) maxillae
b) zygomatics
c) sphenoids
d) temporals

b) zygomatics page 128

This is a passageway for blood vessels and nerves.
a) facet
b) meatus
c) tubercle
d) foramen

d) foramen page 127

Locate parts of a thoracic cage

Page 135

What is the name of the first cervical vertebra?
Atlas
Axis
Superior articular process
Occipital condyles

Atlas The atlas is essentially a ring of bone. Its structure is highly specialized to articulate with the skull.

What is the name of the second cervical vertebra?
Atlas
Axis
Dens
Vertebra prominens

Axis C2 is known as the axis. It has a bony projection called the odontoid process that articulates with C1. C1 can pivot around C2, allowing us to rotate our head/shake head "no".

Identify the articulation site that allows us to nod our head "yes".
Occipital bone – axis
Occipital bone – atlas
Atlas – axis
Occipital bone – C2

Occipital bone – atlas The padlike occipital condyles found on both sides of foramen magnum sit on top of the plate like superior articular processes of the atlas, forming the atlanto-occipital joint. The articular surfaces permit nodding of the head in a "yes" motion (flexion and extension).

Identify the articulation site that allows us to rotate our head, e.g. shaking the head "no".
Atlas – axis
Axis – C3
Occipital bone – axis
Occipital bone – atlas

Atlas – axis The prominent projection known as dens on the axis forms a pivot joint with the atlas, allowing the atlas to rotate around the axis. The axis is a very sensible name for C2 since it serves as a central axis for rotation of the atlas.

Identify the region of the skull that articulates with the atlas.
Occipital condyles
Foramen magnum
Mastoid processes
Superior articular facets

Occipital condyles The occipital condyles found on both sides of foramen magnum sit on top of the atlas, forming the atlanto-occipital joint.

Look at Iten 7 – Label spinal column

Page 133

Identify the major weight bearing part of a vertebra.
Lamina
Vertebral foramen
Transverse process
Body

Body The disk shaped bodies of vertebrae are stable and stackable. Most weight is distributed in this region.

Name the vertebral projection found in a median plane.
Transverse process
Superior articular process
Inferior articular process
Spinous process

Spinous process The spinous process extends posteriorly in a median plane. It serves as a site of muscle and ligament attachment.

Individual vertebrae articulate with each other forming the vertebral column. Identify the part of a vertebra that articulates immediately with the vertebra below it.
Superior articular processes
Inferior articular processes
Spinous process
Transverse processes

Inferior articular processes The inferior articular processes contact the superior articular process of the vertebra below it, forming a moveable synovial joint.

Which of the following structures would not be found within a vertebral foramen?
Spinal nerve roots
Spinal cord
Dura mater
Intervertebral discs

Intervertebral discs The intervertebral discs are located in between the vertebral bodies. They form a symphysis with the bodies and act as a shock absorber.

Identify a lateral projection of a vertebra.
Lamina
Superior articular process
Transverse process
Spinous process

Transverse process The transverse processes of a vertebra project laterally from the junction of the lamina and pedicle.

________ are the telescoping tubes of matrix (concentric lamellae) with their central canals that form a large part of compact bone.
Osteons
Osteocytes
Lacunae
Trabeculae

Osteons

Which of the following bone markings helps form joints?
fossa
crest
head
epicondyle

head

Label the Axial Skeleton

Page 121

The midline suture marking the articulation of the two parietal bones is called the ________ suture.
sagittal
squamous
coronal
lambdoid

sagittal

Locate the type of bones in the body
Long bone
Short bone
Sesamoid bone
Flat bone
Irregular bone

page 110 example: long bone – femur flat bone – sternum irregular bone – vertebra sesamoid bone – patella short bone – heel

How many pairs of ribs are there?
24
12
10
14

12

An example of a sesamoid bone is the ________.
clavicle
patella
pubis
radius

patella

Vertebrae belong to this category of bones.
flat
irregular
long
short

irregular

Which of the fetal cranial bones may appear to be two bones in the fetus?
parietal
frontal
occipital
temporal

frontal

The cranial bones that house the organs of hearing are the ________ bones.
temporal
occipital
sphenoid
parietal

temporal

Locate parts of the axial skeleton on a fetal skeleton
Parietal bone
Ossification center
Mastoid fontanelle
Occipital bone
Temporal bone
Frontal bone
Sphenoidal fontanelle

page 137

In adults, some of the single bones are made of several fused bones. In the fetus, such bones may not yet be fully fused (ossified). These bones include the ________.
radius
femur
tibia
sternum

sternum

Label the bones that form the orbit

page 128

The transverse processes of vertebrae point ________, while the spinous process points ________.
medially, posteriorly
medially, anteriorly
laterally, anteriorly
laterally, posteriorly

laterally, posteriorly page 132

The skeleton is constructed of two types of tissue, ________.
bone and cartilage
dense connective tissue and bone
muscle and bone
nervous and bone

bone and cartilage

Fontanels are ________.
rings of bone in a fetal skull
bones encased in cartilage
conical projections on a fetal skull
fibrous membranes in a fetal skull

fibrous membranes in a fetal skull

Bones of the skeleton are connected at junctions called ________.
articulations
appendiculars
associations
axials

articulations

Label the bones of the skull, anterior view

page 125

Which bone(s) might be absent in the fetus?
clavicle
fibula
distal phalanges
patella

patella

Label parts of the skull, right side

page 121

This is the most common type of skeletal cartilage.
hyaline
fibrocartilage
elastic

hyaline page 108

Bones are somewhat flexible due to ________.
calcium salts in the ground substance
collagen fibers in the matrix
elastic fibers in the matrix
soft, pliable ground substance of the matrix

collagen fibers in the matrix page 111

Label the upper body skeletal system

page 108

The epiphyses of long bones are ________.
filled with spongy bone
solid
hollow

filled with spongy bone page 110

The ________ is a median posterior projection arising at the junction of two laminae of the vertebral body.
vertebral arch
pedicle
spinous process
lamina

spinous process page 133

Label microscopic structure of compact bone

page 113

The diaphysis of a long bone is covered by ________.
endosteum
articular cartilage
perforating fibers
periosteum

periosteum page 111

The foramen magnum is located in which bone of the skull?
sphenoid
temporal
occipital
frontal

occipital

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