Through the process of photosynthesis, plants make the most abundant form of carbohydrate, called __________. A.disaccharides |
C |
Which of the following statements about simple carbohydrates is FALSE? A.Simple carbohydrates consist of just one or two molecules. |
C |
Which of the following statements about alpha bonds is TRUE? A. Alpha bonds cannot be easily digested by enzymes found in the human intestine. |
C |
Soluble fiber __________. A.is not viscous, and cannot be digested |
B |
Carbohydrates are comprised of __________. A.carbon and nitrogen |
C |
The body absorbs which form of digested carbohydrates? A.monosaccharides |
A |
Which of the following statements regarding glucose absorption is TRUE? A.Glucose is absorbed mostly through the lining of the small intestine. |
A |
Which of the following statements regarding absorption of monosaccharides is TRUE? A.Not all monosaccharides are absorbed by active transport. |
A |
Which of the following statements BEST explains carbohydrate digestion? A.Some chemical reactions occur in the stomach. |
D |
Fiber is NOT digested by the human digestive tract. True |
true |
It takes more than 8 hours for ingested carbohydrate to be digested, absorbed, and circulated in the cells. True |
false |
Carbohydrates must be consumed every 3 to 4 hours to prevent depletion of the glucose in our blood. False |
false |
What occurs when blood glucose levels rise following the ingestion of a glucose-rich meal? A.The alpha cells of the pancreas release glucagon. |
B |
Which of the following statements is CORRECT in regard to the role of insulin in blood glucose regulation? A.Insulin stimulates the storage of glucose as glycogen in the liver and muscles. |
D |
What is the role of the hormone glucagon in regulating blood glucose? A.The liver stores glucagon to maintain blood glucose levels. |
C |
The alpha bonds of carbohydrates are hydrolyzed during digestion by specific enzymes. Lactose contains a beta bond, which is digestible by lactase. Most carbohydrates that contain beta glycosidic bonds are not digestible because humans lack the enzyme needed to hydrolyze the bond. Which of the following carbohydrates contain alpha bonds that are digestible by humans? A.pectin and stachyose |
B |
Which of the following statements correctly describes the process of carbohydrate absorption? A.Galactose and fructose are absorbed into the enterocyte by active transport. |
D |
Which of the following statements best describes the role of dietary fiber in reducing the risk of developing diseases? A.Dietary fiber reduces the growth of intestinal bacteria in the colon, which may reduce the risk of colon cancer. |
D |
How is digestion altered in individuals who have been diagnosed with lactose intolerance? A.Undigested lactose draws water into the gastrointestinal tract, causing diarrhea and cramping. |
A |
Which of the following statements correctly describes the triggers that result in the release of hormones that regulate blood glucose? A.Cortisol, often referred to as the stress hormone, is released from the adrenal glands when blood glucose levels are high. |
B |
Glucose __________. A.is a digestive enzyme |
B |
Pancreatic amylase is secreted by the pancreas into the __________, where the majority of carbohydrate digestion occurs. A.stomach |
B |
Which of the following BEST describes the glycemic index? A.An individual’s glucose/insulin ratio in a fasting state. |
C |
Yogurt is tolerated better than milk by many with lactose intolerance because __________. A.bacteria in yogurt break down the lactose |
A |
Maria’s doctor suspects she has reactive hypoglycemia. If her suspicions are correct, what would the level of her blood glucose likely be two hours after a high-carbohydrate meal? A.at least twice the level of a normal individual |
C |
Sally is a 54-year-old overweight woman with a 39-inch waist circumference and a sedentary lifestyle. She is MOST at risk for __________. A.carbohydrate loading |
C |
Individuals with the disease phenylketonuria (PKU) should not consume the artificial sweetener aspartame. Why? A.People with PKU cannot metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine. |
A |
Sugar alcohols are most often used in which of the following products? A.chewing gum |
A |
Which artificial sweetener was once linked to cancer but later removed from the list of potential cancer-causing substances? A.aspartame |
B |
The vast majority of the new foods on the market are foods that __________. A.promote weight loss |
D |
As stated in the video, to burn off the calories from 1 ounce of potato chips, you must __________. A.bike for 1 hour |
D |
Which of these strategies have been successful in getting us to eat more food? A.3, 4, and 5 |
B |
People have a greater number of choices because the food industry has pushed the mass distribution of low-cost products. According to this news segment, what do critics say about these products? A.The new products contain unacceptable levels of mercury. |
D |
If the Nutrition Facts Panel on a food label indicates that a food has 24 grams of total carbohydrates, 2 grams of fiber and 12 grams of sugar, what is the true amount of carbohydrates in this food? A.This food contains 2 grams of fiber, 12 grams of sugars, and 10 grams of other unnamed carbohydrates, for a total of 24 grams. |
A |
The Nutrition Facts Panel provides information about the amount of sugar in a product, but it does not distinguish between naturally occurring and added sugars. True |
true |
The Nutrition Facts Panel indicates that there are 12 grams of sugar in one serving of the food. The ingredients listed are wheat flour, high fructose corn syrup, milk powder, and apple juice. Are all 12 grams of sugar in this product the added sugars? A.The 12 grams of sugar listed only account for the added sugar in this food, not the naturally occurring sugars. |
D |
If a food product has an ingredient list of wheat flour, high fructose corn syrup, milk powder, and apple juice, which of the following is TRUE? A.Wheat flour is listed first on the label to warn gluten intolerant consumers. |
D |
Which of the following is a common ingredient in processed foods that would be considered an added sugar? A.high fructose corn syrup |
A |
Foods only contain one type of carbohydrate. True |
false |
The Dietary Guidelines recommended limiting added sugar in a diet. Which of the following foods would be considered a significant source of added sugar? A.potato |
D |
Which of the following foods would be a good source of naturally occurring sugar? A.white bread |
C |
Which of the following nutrients is a carbohydrate? A.high fructose corn syrup |
D |
Which of the following is likely to be the MOST significant source of fiber in a cereal bar? A.rolled oats, cracked oats, steal cut oats |
A |
The AMDR for carbohydrates is __________ of total energy intake. A.15% |
B |
Which of the following statements about sugar is FALSE? A.Sugar consumption is correlated with obesity. |
D |
Which of the following is NOT a source of complex carbohydrates? A.potatoes |
B |
Which statement is FALSE regarding enriched white bread? A.It is missing the thiamin, niacin, and folate present in whole wheat bread. |
A |
Which of the following statements about carbohydrates is FALSE? A.Carbohydrates are the primary energy source at rest and during exercise. |
A |
Which of the following statements regarding fiber is TRUE? A.Bile from the gallbladder can assist in the absorption of fiber. |
B |
Which of the following foods naturally contain(s) insoluble fibers that increase the bulk of digestive material and draw water into the large intestine, keeping the stools soft and moist? A.fish |
B |
Diverticulosis is a symptomatic condition in which increased pressure within the large intestine weakens the walls of the large intestine, causing them to bulge outward and form pockets (diverticula). True |
false |
Jake runs from work to his evening nutrition class and has no time to eat. He is feeling hungry and weak since he hasn’t eaten in about 5 hours. At this time, where is he getting the glucose required to meet his energy needs? A.from the brain |
C |
What are the three things that fiber does to support weight loss and overall health? A.Fiber fills you up, slows down the absorption of fats and sugars, and moves quickly through the digestive tract. |
A |
Dr. Marie Savard lists five groupings of fiber. What are they?
A.whole grains B.corn meal C.whole grains D.granola |
A |
How does Dr. Savard suggest you should incorporate fiber into your diet? A.Stick to one health issue at a time—first eat fiber that lowers cholesterol, and then switch to fiber that is good for colon health. |
D |
Which of the following statements is TRUE? A.Most Americans consume an adequate amount of dietary fiber. |
D |
Sugar alcohols (e.g., sorbitol, xylitol, and mannitol) __________. A.increase the risk for dental cavities |
D |
To increase her dietary fiber, Hannah could do all of the following EXCEPT __________. A.add an extra piece of cheese to the burger |
A |
Hannah has started reading labels to find food sources of fiber that she enjoys. Which of the following terms would assure Hannah of selecting a fiber-rich food? A.whole wheat flour |
A |
Which of the items in the following list is a whole grain? A.whole wheat flour |
A |
Many processed foods say that they contain whole grains. What is the easiest way to tell whether it is truly a whole grain product? A.Look at the ingredient list. |
A |
Dr. Katz suggests checking the fiber content on the Nutrition Facts Panel to ascertain whether a product is whole grain. What should you look for? A.It should contain at least 2 grams of fiber per 50 calories. |
D |
On average, Americans consume _____ pounds of sugar per person each year. A.21 |
D |
Dr. Johnson refers to sugars as the triple threat. He states that sugars ___________.
A.greatly increase caloric intake B.have no nutritional value C.greatly increase caloric intake D.displace healthy foods |
C |
What phrase does Dr. Johnson suggest you should keep in mind when thinking of sugar? A.triple threat |
C |
The most common source of added sugars in the American diet is __________. A.candy |
B |
Which of the following food choices would most likely be the MOST fiber rich? A.navy beans |
A |
Which of the following statements regarding alcohol is TRUE? A.Alcohol is essential because it is a carbohydrate made from fruit or grains. |
D |
John consumed a large margarita that contained 14 grams of carbohydrate and 24 grams of alcohol. How many kilocalories did he consume? A.John consumed 168 kilocalories. |
C |
Which of the following statements about alcohol is CORRECT? A.The majority of alcohol is absorbed in the large intestine, where food is not stored. |
D |
Which of the following statements regarding alcohol metabolism is TRUE? A.As long as you eat before drinking, you don’t have to worry about alcohol metabolism. |
C |
Strategies that contribute to keeping blood alcohol content below the legal limit include all of the following EXCEPT __________. A.drinking slowly, no more than one drink per hour |
B |
Binge-drinking is defined as __________. A.alcohol poisoning |
C |
The most effective way to speed up the breakdown of alcohol is to __________. A.drink a lot of coffee or other caffeinated beverage |
B |
Which of the following statements is FALSE? A.On average, a healthy adult can metabolize the equivalent of two to three drinks in an hour. |
A |
Which of the following is considered to be one drink of alcohol? A.12 oz beer |
A |
The alcohol-metabolizing enzyme found in the stomach and liver is alcohol __________. A.hydratase |
C |
__________ is observed in chronic drinkers as their liver breaks down alcohol more efficiently. A.Tolerance |
A |
Binge drinking is defined as __________. A.the consumption of four or more alcoholic drinks on one occasion by a man or a woman |
D |
Which of the following is the MOST accurate statement regarding alcohol absorption? A.Alcohol is absorbed from both the stomach and the small intestine. |
A |
What is the BEST strategy to reverse a fatty liver? A.drink more fluids |
D |
Your friend Brenda is concerned that her drinking has been increasing to an excessive level and she is looking for strategies to help her decrease her alcohol consumption. Which of these strategies would be LEAST helpful to attaining her goal? A.Drink only beer. |
A |
Maria is pregnant and is out with friends who are having cocktails. Maria orders a glass of wine. What are the recommendations regarding alcohol use during pregnancy? A.An occasional drink is okay during the first trimester. |
C |
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding long-term alcohol abuse? A.Damage is limited to the liver. |
C |
The most common food-based lipids are __________. A.triglycerides |
A |
Short chain fatty acids are usually __________. A.fewer than 6 hydrogen atoms in length |
D |
Which of the following statements about saturated fatty acids is FALSE? A.Saturated fatty acids have more than one carbon joined together with a double bond. |
A |
__________ have "kinked" fatty acids at the area of their double bonds, preventing them from packing tightly together. A.Saturated fats |
C |
Linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid __________. A.cannot be synthesized in the body |
A |
What are the three types of lipids found in foods, and in the cells and tissues of the human body? A.Triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols |
A |
A __________ fatty acid has both hydrogen atoms located on __________ of the double bond. A.trans; the same or opposite |
D |
Phospholipids consist of fatty acids and __________, which allow(s) them to be __________. A.phosphate; water soluble |
A |
Which of the following statements correctly identifies the process of lipid transport? A.A layer of proteins, phospholipids, and cholesterol molecules surrounds each chylomicron to facilitate transport. |
A |
The majority of lipid absorption occurs in the small intestine with the help of a spherical compound called a(n) __________. A.lecithin |
D |
Fat digestion begins when fats are emulsified by __________. A.chylomicrons |
B |
What property do phospholipids, micelles, and bile have in common? A.They are only hydrophobic. |
D |
Which of the following statements about fats is FALSE? A.Fats help regulate cell function. |
C |
How many different forms of lipids are commonly found in food? A.two |
B |
Which of the three lipids commonly found in foods are used to manufacture cell membranes? A.phospholipids |
A |
Triglycerides are the most common lipid found in foods. True |
true |
Which of the following statements regarding the structure of triglycerides is TRUE? A.A triglyceride consists of a fatty acid with three glycerol molecules attached. |
C |
The AMDR for fat is __________ of total energy. A.12% to 15% |
C |
The Institute of Medicine recommends that we keep our intake of __________ to an absolute minimum. A.trans fatty acids |
A |
All of the following are ways to lower your fat intake EXCEPT which option? A.Bake or broil in place of frying. |
D |
Which class of lipoproteins contains the MOST protein compared to lipid? A.very low-density lipoproteins |
D |
Which of the following statements regarding lipoproteins is TRUE? A.Low-density lipoproteins are formed in the small intestines to transport absorbed dietary lipids. |
C |
Cholesterol transported from the cells to the liver by HDL can then be used to synthesize bile. True |
true |
Which of the following statements correctly describes the metabolic fate of the lipids transported by lipoproteins? A.Cholesterol removed from the cells by LDLs is carried back to the liver and excreted through bile, decreasing the risk of atherosclerosis or blocked arteries. |
C |
Which of the following individuals would likely have the LOWEST risk of heart disease? A.someone who eats steak, burgers, and ice cream often |
D |
The lipid profile associated with the LOWEST risk of heart disease is __________. A.high HDL, low LDL, high triglycerides |
C |
Your cousin has just learned he has atherosclerosis. What strategies would be the BEST ones for him to adopt to lower his risk of a heart attack? A.lose weight, consume whole foods, consume at least three alcoholic beverages daily |
B |
Fat is digested and absorbed by the same process the as carbohydrates and proteins. True |
false |
Most of the triglycerides in food reach the stomach without being chemically digested. True |
true |
Which of the following statements is FALSE? A.Fat remains in the stomach longer than carbohydrates and protein. |
C |
Lipids enter the bloodstream directly after digestion. True |
false |
Which enzyme digests lipids in the small intestine? A.pancreatic lipase |
A |
What are micelles? A.emulsifiers used to break fat globules into small droplets during digestion |
B |
The process of __________ creates __________. A.hydrogenation; trans fat |
A |
Which of the following foods is the best source of monounsaturated fatty acids? A.sour cream |
C |
Which of the following foods is the best source of polyunsaturated fatty acid? A.avocado |
C |
Which of the following foods contains primarily saturated fats? A.butter |
A |
Foods contain only one type of fatty acid, either saturated or unsaturated, but never both. True |
false |
Which type of fatty acid is most common in animal-based foods, such as steak, butter, and milk? A.saturated fat |
A |
As soon as blood pressure reaches __________, it is diagnosed as high blood pressure. A.a systolic blood pressure over 140 mm Hg and a diastolic blood pressure over 90 mm Hg |
A |
Hypertension, one of the major chronic diseases in the United States, is a warning sign that a person is at risk for __________. A.Alzheimer’s disease |
D |
Eating a diet high in __________, as indicated by the DASH diet, may lower the risk for hypertension. A.fresh fruits and vegetables |
A |
Optimal blood pressure measurements are __________. A.systolic greater than 120 mm Hg and diastolic less than 80 mm Hg |
D |
Dietary changes shown to reduce the risk for heart disease include __________. A.increasing the consumption of eggs and dairy products |
B |
What hormone lowers blood glucose levels? |
Insulin |
Is it true or false that Glucagon, Epinephrine, cortisol, growth hormone, and norepinephrine increases blood glucose levels? |
True |
Does secretin & Cholecystokinin have any effect on blood glucose levels? |
no |
How quickly does the liver metabolizes alcohol? |
at a rate of 1 drink per hour |
Keeping blood alcohol content below the legal limit include ? |
Drinking slowly, no more than one drink per hour, eat a meal or large snack, limit consumption to no more than one drink per day for female and no more than 1 to 2 drinks per day as a male |
What is binge-drinking? |
drinking 5 or more drinks on one occasion for me and 4 or more for women |
Alcohol absorption |
women absorb 30-25% more of a given alcohol intake than me do of the same size, consume foods with some fat, protein and fiber to slow the absorption which can reduce concentration by as 50% |
Which of the following is considered to be one drink of alcohol? |
A |
Insulin stimulates_________, which is the process of storing excess glucose in the liver and muscle cells. |
glycogenesis |
after a protein-rich meal, glucacon stimulates_____ in the liver to break down stored glycogen and increase the level of blood glucose |
glycogenolysis |
Epinephrine acts on the liver to stimulate gluconeogensis from noncarbohydrate sources? True or False |
true |
growth hormone stimulates ___ to provide fuel for energy from fatty acids stored in adipose tissue |
lipolysis |
after glycogen stores are full, insulin favors____, which results in glucose being converted to fatty acids |
lipogenesis |
High glucose levels to normal blood glucose levels |
Blood glucose levels rise following the digestion of a carbohydrate-rich meal. insulin is secreted from the beta cells of the pancreas into the bloodstream. insulin increases the number of glucose transporters on the cell membrane to allow the transport of glucose into the cell. insulin stimulates glyucogenesis in the muscle cells a& insulin stimulates the liver to store excess glucose as glycogen. insulin stimulates lipogenesis in the adipose tissue. |
low glucose level to normal |
Blood glucose levels fall. when blood glucose levels are low, glucagon is secreted from the alpha cells of the pancreas into the bloodstream. glucagon targets the liver and stimulates glycogenolysis to release a burst of glucose into the bloodstream. gluconeogenesis in the liver is activated and converts glucogenic amino acids and lactic acid to glucose, which is released into the bloodstream |
What are samples of monosaccharides? |
Orange Juice / soda pop made with high fructose corn syrup |
What are samples of disaccharides? |
Milk / table sugar / soda pop made with sucrose |
What are examples of polysaccharide starch ? |
French fries, white bread, beans, white rice |
What are examples of polusaccharide fibers? |
all bran cereal |
Human nutrition CH b4
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