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Which type of nerve fibers make up the autonomic nervous system (ANS)? |
sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers |
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Where do sympathetic preganglionic fibers synapse? |
sympathetic trunk and collateral ganglia |
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Where are cell bodies of somatic motor neurons located? |
ventral horn of spinal cord |
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Which region of the spinal cord does NOT contain any autonomic neurons? |
cervical |
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The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is characterized by __________. |
localized effects on specific organs and short postganglionic axons near organ of innervation |
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Which of these statements accurately describes how the general visceral motor system of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) differs from the general somatic motor system? |
Motor units in the ANS include a chain of two motor neurons. |
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Which of these statements accurately describes a similarity between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS ? |
They innervate many of the same visceral organs. |
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The ANS is the system of __________ neurons that regulates such functions as __________. |
motor / heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure |
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Postganglionic sympathetic fibers to sweat glands and peripheral blood vessels secrete _________. |
acetylcholine |
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The general visceral motor division of the peripheral nervous system describes the |
ANS |
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Cell body of this autonomic neuron lies outside the CNS. |
post-ganglionic neuron |
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Cell body of this autonomic neuron lies within the CNS. |
pre-ganglionic neuron |
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Division that is dominant during exercise, excitement, or emergencies. |
sympathetic |
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Which of these is not innervated by the ANS? |
skeletal muscle |
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Another name for the ANS is the |
general visceral motor system. |
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Which of these descriptions is not a result of parasympathetic stimulation? |
contraction of the bladder wall in urination constriction of the pupils ==production of goose bumps increased peristalsis of the digestive viscera |
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The trunk ganglia contain what kind of cell bodies? |
postganglionic sympathetic |
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Cell bodies of the preganglionic sympathetic neurons are located within the |
lateral gray horns of the spinal cord. |
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Which autonomic division increases heart rate? |
sympathetic |
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Preganglionic fibers are myelinated, whereas postganglionic fibers are unmyelinated. |
true |
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Which cranial nerve carries parasympathetic innervation to the thoracic and abdominal viscera? |
CN X |
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Which of these organs/tissues are NOT innervated by parasympathetic fibers, or do not exhibit parasympathetic effects? |
sweat glands, arrector pili muscles, and adipose tissue |
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Division of the ANS responsible for the fight-or-flight response describes the |
sympathetic division |
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Division of the ANS most active during vigorous exercise describes the |
sympathetic division |
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Division of the ANS most active when the body is at rest describes the |
parasympathetic division |
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thoracic duct |
… |
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vagus nerve |
… |
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thoracic lymph nodes |
… |
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sympathetic trunk gangli |
… |
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cardiac nerves |
… |
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right lymphatic duct |
… |
|
sympathetic trunk |
… |
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Which statement is true concerning the innervation of adrenal medulla? |
Preganglionic sympathetic axons terminate in the adrenal medulla and stimulate the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine. |
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Sympathetic innervation to the head follows which pathway? |
Preganglionic fibers travel to synapse in the superior cervical ganglion. Postganglionic fibers travel with blood vessels, and innervate structures of the head. |
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If you were very nervous about speaking in front of a group of people, which of the following would be likely to develop? |
dry mouth, due to sympathetic inhibition of secretions from the salivary glands |
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What is the role of the gray rami communicantes? |
They are the postganglionic sympathetic axons that direct impulses to intended peripheral organs. |
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The sympathetic pathways to the extremities, direct impulses to which of these structures/tissues? |
arrector pili muscles and sweat glands |
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Short nerve branches that connect the ventral rami of spinal nerves to the sympathetic ganglia. |
rami communicantes |
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Ganglia of this structure are connected to the ventral rami of spinal nerves through the rami communicantes. |
sympathetic trunk |
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Which division of the autonomic nervous system innervates the sweat glands in skin? |
sympathetic |
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The gray and white rami communicantes attach to the |
ventral rami |
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dorsal root ganglia. |
… |
|
ventral rami |
… |
|
spinal nerves |
… |
|
dorsal roots |
… |
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What stimulates the adrenal medulla to secrete its excitatory neurohormones? |
preganglionic sympathetic neurons |
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Which of these statements concerning gray rami communicantes is incorrect? |
They contain all the preganglionic fibers traveling to the sympathetic chain. |
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Cell bodies of preganglionic sympathetic neurons are located within the |
lateral horns of the gray matter of the spinal cord. |
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Identify the pathway that correctly traces the movement of preganglionic sympathetic fibers. |
ventral root to white ramus communicans to sympathetic trunk ganglion |
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The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of |
sympathetic stimulation |
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Where would you not find an autonomic ganglion? |
in the armpit |
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Sympathetic trunk ganglia contain the cell bodies of sensory neurons and are located in the dorsal root of the spinal cord. |
false |
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Because the fibers of the sympathetic division arise from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord, they cannot innervate structures of the head or pelvis. |
false |
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Parasympathetic fibers innervate the sweat glands, arrector pili, and smooth muscles of the arteries. |
false |
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This division can also be called the craniosacral division. |
parasympathetic division |
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Division that is dominant during rest, digestion, and excretion. |
parasympathetic |
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Which division of the autonomic nervous system has preganglionic fibers within the facial nerve? |
parasympathetic |
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All of the following have only sympathetic innervation except the |
arrector pili. sweat glands. salivary glands. blood vessels. |
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Which of the following cranial nerves does not supply parasympathetic fibers to the head? |
vagus |
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The parasympathetic nervous system is characterized by |
peripheral ganglia near the organs, and short postganglionic fibers. |
|
The site of origin of the preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system is the |
brain stem and the sacral region of the cord. |
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Cranial parasympathetic outflow is contained in all of the following cranial nerves except the |
accessory |
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In which autonomic division do nerve cell bodies lie closest to the organs being innervated? |
parasympathetic |
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Parasympathetic postganglionic fibers of the head travel within the |
trigeminal nerve. |
|
Sympathetic fibers leave the spinal cord in the |
thoracolumbar region, and the postganglionic fibers secrete norepinephrine. |
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Over 90% of all preganglionic parasympathetic fibers are in cranial nerve |
X |
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What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation of respiratory bronchioles in the lungs? |
constriction |
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Parasympathetic stimulation of blood vessels causes vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure. |
false |
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Fibers from the cranial and sacral regions of the spinal cord contribute to the sympathetic division. |
false |
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Postganglionic sympathetic fibers are relatively long compared to those of the parasympathetic division. |
true |
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The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions can be distinguished by the amount of branching of the post-ganglionic fibers. |
true |
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Referred pain from the small intestines would be felt in the __________, whereas referred pain from the liver would be felt in the __________. |
umbilical region / superior right thoracic region and superior right quadrant |
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Control of temperature, of autonomic nervous reflexes, of hunger, and of sleep are functions associated with the |
hypothalamus |
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The part of the brain that exerts more control over autonomic functioning than any other part is the |
hypothalamus |
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The overall integrating center for the ANS. |
hypothalamus |
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Stimulation of the vagus nerve in the baroreceptor reflex causes __________. |
decreased heart rate |
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The enteric nervous system functions __________. |
entirely within the wall of the digestive tube |
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What influence does the cerebral cortex have on the ANS? |
Voluntary sympathetic activation occurs when the cerebral cortex acts on the amygdala when one remembers a scary event. |
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Which region of the central nervous system integrates the activities of the autonomic nervous system? |
hypothalamus |
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