HSC 4233 Exam 1

The primary goal of health professionals as educators is to:
-reduce morbidity.
-prepare clients for self-care.
-meet professional regulatory standards.
– prevent client complications through staff, student and client education.

prepare clients for self-care

The safeguard of all human study subjects by insisting that research protocols include voluntary participation and withdrawal, confidentiality, truth telling, and informed consent and address additional specific concerns for vulnerable populations such as infants, children, prisoners, and those with mental illnesses is / was the:
-outdated practice of ethical review boards in the late 1900s.
– primary function of all review boards, even today.
-overriding ethical review of Brooklyn Chronic Disease Hospital.
– practice of European ethics review boards during World War II.

primary function of all review boards, even today.

The purpose of the Health Information Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) is to:
-protect the public from information that could be potentially harmful.
-create a smooth flow of patient information.
– ensure information is kept confidential.
-hold health professionals to a professional code of ethics.

ensure information is kept confidential

The goal of teaching is to:
-grade learning.
– share information and experiences with learners.
-keep learners abreast of current trends.
-change behavior.

change behavior

One of the key steps in the education process is:
– having learners perform self-assessments.
– conducting self-evaluation of the teaching process.
-developing educational materials.
-creating a teaching plan to meet mutually determined learning outcomes.

creating a teaching plan to meet mutually determined learning outcomes.

In the third lecture of Module 1, ethical and legal aspects of patient education were presented. Which of the following are major ethical principles that support the federal government’s concern for ethical behavior practices in health care?
-Both Autonomy and Beneficence
– Maleficence
– Anonymity
– Beneficence
– Autonomy

Both Autonomy and Beneficence

Barriers to teaching can best be described as factors that:
– limit the teacher’s focus to conducting only formal, intended teaching.
– negatively impact on the learner’s efforts to establish a mutual partnership with the healthcare provider.
– impede the teacher’s ability to deliver educational services to the learner.
– interfere with the learner’s ability to attend to and process information.

impede the teacher’s ability to deliver educational services to the learner.

In the early 1930s, the _____________ was developed to track the progression of untreated syphilis in order to justify treatment programs among rural disadvantaged Black/African American men. However, informed consent was not obtained and the men enrolled in the study were never given adequate treatment.
-Nazi Wartime Experiments
– Tuskegee Syphilis Study
– Doctors Trial
-First Blood Bank

Tuskegee Syphilis Study

Which of the following elements of the patient health education process involves determining behavior changes in health-related knowledge, attitudes, and skills?
-Evaluation
– None of the options apply
-Implementation
-Assessment
– Planning

Evaluation

In the 1970s, the __________ legislation resulted in the Belmont Report, a report that addresses the abuse of human participants in biomedical research through six (6) ethical principles.
-Durable Power of Attorney
– Health Maintenance Organizational Act
– Development of Medicare and Medicaid
-National Research Act

National Research Act

Which learning theory represents a combination of behaviorist and cognitive principles of learning?
-Gestalt
– Attribution
– Developmental
– Social learning

Social Learning

Which of the following implies that the healthcare provider or educator is viewed as the authority, and the consumer or learner is in a submissive role?
– Determination
– Compliance
– Resistance
– Motivation

Compliance

What are two ways to decrease a behavior or response, according to operant conditioning principles?
-Punishment and escape conditioning
– Avoidance conditioning and escape conditioning
– Positive reinforcement and punishment
– Punishment and non-reinforcement

Punishment and non-reinforcement

Challenges in motivating learners for the health professional as educator include:
– relieving anxieties and increasing success.
– creating incentives and creating challenges.
– relieving obstacles and creating challenges.
– creating incentives and decreasing obstacles.

creating incentives and decreasing obstacles.

A health professional faculty member is teaching a new procedure to a student. Which of the following should occur first?
– Guidance
-Feedback
-Prepractice
-Practice

Prepractice

What is the best definition for the term "motivation"?
-The premise on which an understanding of a phenomenon is based.
– An observable behavior that can be directly measured.
– A submission or yielding to a predetermined goal.
– A psychological force that moves a person toward some kind of action.

A psychological force that moves a person toward some kind of action.

Which two theories emphasize that learners are keenly motivated to seek pleasure and rewards?
-Behaviorist and cognitive
-Gestalt and social learning
-Cognitive and psychodynamic
-Psychodynamic and behaviorist

Psychodynamic and behaviorist

How individuals acquire knowledge and change their ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving can be in large part contributed to which of the following?
– learning theories
– educational psychology
– patient guidance and well-being
– psychological theories

learning theories

What is the focus of the Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction (ARCS) Model?
-Creating and maintaining motivational strategies
– Maintaining and rewarding compliance
-Observing and supporting expected behaviors of compliance
-Monitoring and correcting a behavior problem

Creating and maintaining motivational strategies

Cognitive, affecting, physiological, experiential, environmental, and teacher-learner relationship system variables should be considered when conducting a comprehensive motivational assessment of a learner.
-True
-False

True

What percentage of health problems are handled at the home?

80%

Do infectious or chronic diseases cause more deaths each year?

Chronic diseases

How many deaths each year do chronic diseases cause?

7 out of 10

T/F: Knowledge equals behavior

False

What is the accrediting body for hospitals?

Joint Commission

What is the 4 step process for patient health education?

Assessment, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation

What are ethics?

Standards of acceptable behavior

What is morality?

inner value system expressed through external behaviors

What is legal?

behaviors that are enforceable

What is autonomy?

the patients right to make their own decisions regarding medical treatment

What is veracity?

truthful about the risks and benefits in procedures and courses of action

What is nonmalefeasance?

do no harm

What is confidentiality?

protection of private information

What is beneficence?

to do good

What is justice?

fairness and equality

What was Jack Kevorkian known as?

Dr. Death

Learning is a result of connections made from stimulus in the environment and responses where one ignores internal factors is what learning theory?
-Social Learning Theory
-Behaviorist Learning Theory
-Cognitive Learning Theory
-Psychodynamic Learning Theory

Behaviorist Learning theory

Respondent conditioning is also known as?

classical conditioning

what is an example of respondent conditioning?

Pavlov’s dogs

Does operant conditioning use stimuli or reinforcers?

reinforcers

What learning theory focuses on whats inside the learner using Gestalt, cognitive development, information processing and social cognition?
-humanistic learning theory
-behaviorist learning theory
-social learning theory
-cognitive learning theory

cognitive learning theory

What says each person perceives, interprets, and responds to things differently?
-Gestalt
-behaviorist learning theory
-social learning theory
-information processing

Gestalt

In what stage of cognitive development do infants explore their environment and coordinate sensory info with motor skills?
-concrete operations
-formal operations
-preoperational
-sensory motor

sensory motor

In what stage of cognitive development are kids able to mentally represent their environment and understand symbolism?
-formal operations
-preoperational
-sensory motor
-concrete operations

preoperational

In what stage of cognitive development can elementary kids attend to more than one dimension at a time, conceptualize relationships, and operate on the environment?
-concrete operations
-formal operations
-sensory motor
-preoperational

concrete operations

In what stage of cognitive development deals with the abstract, critical thinking, the future and addresses alternatives?
-sensory motor
-formal operations
-concrete operations
-preoperational

formal operations

What learning theory focuses on learning through observation?
-humanistic learning theory
-psychodynamic learning theory
-social learning theory
-behaviorist learning theory

social learning theory

What learning theory has 4 phases: attentional, retention, reproduction and motivation?
-social learning theory
-cognitive learning theory
-psychodynamic learning theory
-behaviorist learning theory

social learning theory

What learning theory places an emphasis on emotions?
-humanistic learning theory
-psychodynamic learning theory
-cognitive learning theory
-social learning theory

psychodynamic learning theory

What are the three major factors influencing motivation?

personal attributes, environmental influences, relationship systems

What are motivational axioms?

rules that set the stage for motivation

What addresses a clients perceptions of a threat a health problem may pose by looking at perceived susceptibility, Perceived Severity, Perceived Benefits, Perceived Barriers, Cues to Action, and Self-Efficacy?
-Stages of Change
-Health belief model
-Self-Efficacy theory
-Cognitive Learning Theory

Health belief model

What is based on a person’s expectations relative to a course of action and determines if a person is competent and capable of performing a behavior?
-Self-Efficacy Theory
-Health Belief Model
-Social Learning Theory
-Stages of Change

Self-Efficacy Theory

What looks at change as a process where one goes through 6 steps: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintainance, determination?
-Health belief model
-Transtheoretical model
-Self-Efficacy Theory
-Behaviorist learning theory

Transtheoretical model

T/F: The effectiveness of patient health education depends on the scope, accuracy, comprehensiveness of the assessment prior to intervention

True

What are learner needs?

Gaps in knowledge, attitude or skill

what is readiness to learn?

expressed interest

What is learning style?

way info is processed

What side of the brain is the emotional and creative side? right or left

Right

What side of the brain is the verbal and analytic side? right or left

left

T/F: 70% of Americans have left brain dominance

true

What learning style identified 5 basic stimuli that affected an individual’s ability to learn: environmental, emotional, sociological, physical, and psychological?
-Kolb’s Cycle of Learning
-Dunn & Dunn
-Jung & Meyers-Brigg Typology
-Gardner’s 7 Types of Intelligence

Dunn & Dunn

What style of learning says all people can be classified in one of three dimensions and looks at extraversion-introversion, sensing-intuition, thinking-feeling, and judgement-perception?
-Kolb’s Cycle of Learning
-Dunn & Dunn
-Maslow’s Heirarchy of Needs
-Jung & Meyers-Brigg Typology

Jung & Meyers-Brigg Typology

the american hospital association’s patient’s bill of rights refers to

a code of behavior for health care institutions in each state

the broad purpose of patient education is

to increase the competence and confidence of the patient

the goal of teaching is to

share info and experiences with learners

malpractice is different from negligence in that malpractice

is limited to specific professions that require a high level of skill and intensive technical training

what are the 3 facilitating or blocking factor categories that can shape motivation to learn?

personal attributes, enviromental influences, and relationship systems

which model is used in health screening programs to predict preventative health behaviors?

health belief model

which of the following choices enables individuals to adapt to demands and changing circumstances that is crucial in health care?

learning

what are the primary components of the Health belief model?

individual perceptions, modifying factors, and the likelihood of action

The common factor that serves as both a barrier to teaching as well as an obstacle to learning is:

lack of time to teach and to learn.

Breach of contract or failure to perform one’s duties based on patient diagnosis, cultural background, race, or sexual preference is a violation of which ethical principle?

justice

Self-efficacy theory can best be applied by health profession educators in:

predicting the likelihood of changes in behavior.