HIST 207A

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The Jesuit religious order was particularly influential in:

New France

How did Native Americans conceive of property?

Families might use a specific plot of land for season

In England, social inequality:

was part of a hierarchical society

What geographic error did Columbus make?

He grossly underestimated the size of the Earth.

What does the seal of New Netherland, adopted by the Dutch West India Company in 1630, suggest in central to the colony’s economic prospects

Fur

Spanish Florida:

Was little more than an isolated military settlement.

Which one of the following was true of French relations with Native Americans?

Jesuit missionaries tried to convert Native Americans, but gave them far more independence than did Spanish missionaries.

What European city was known in the early seventeenth century as haven for persecuted Protestants from all over Europe and even for Jews fleeing Spain?

Amsterdam

Why did European exploration of the New World proceed so rapidly after Columbus’s discoveries?

Gutenberg’s invention of the printing press enabled the rapid dissemination of information.

As colonization began, the European idea of freedom:

Included the idea of abandoning sin to embrace the teachings of Jesus Christ.

Which one of the following statements about African slavery within Africa is FALSE?

Only men were taken for the slave trade.

The Spanish set up outposts from Florida to South Carolina in part because:

Spanish missionaries hoped to convert local Native Americans to Christianity.

How did Spain justify enslaving Native Americans?

The Spanish believed that enslavement could liberate Native Americans from their backwardness and savagery and introduce them to Christian civilization.

How did the Dutch manifest their devotion to liberty?

They supported freedom of religion in their colony.

Pueblo Indians lived in what is now:

the southwestern United States

Which one of the following statements about Spanish America is true?

Over time, Spanish America evolved into a hybrid culture–part Spanish, part Indian, and, in some areas, part African.

Which one of the following was NOT true of women in Native American societies?

Women made all decisions about trade relations with other tribes.

Which statement about the Pueblo Revolt is FALSE?

It was inspired by the Pope, but he died before the actual revolt took place.

As early as 1615, the ______ people of present-day southern Ontario and upper New York State forged a trading alliance with the French, and many of them converted to Catholicism.

Huron

Europeans–particularly the English, French, and Dutch– generally claimed North American Indian land as their own based on:

their view that Indians did not use the land properly.

In 1517, the German priest ___________ began the Protestant Reformation by posting his Ninety-Five Theses, which accused the Catholic Church of worldliness and corruption.

Martin Luther

Both Aztec and Inca empires were:

large, wealthy, and sophisticated.

The government of the Spanish empire in America:

Included local officials who held a great deal of control.

Far more important to most Indian societies than freedom as personal independence were all of the following except:

secure rights to owning land.

According to Bartolome de Las Casas:

Spain had caused the deaths of millions of innocent people in the New World.

The first center of the Spanish empire in America:

Was the island of Hispaniola

In 1519, who became the first European explorer to encounter the Aztec empire?

Hernán Cortés

Bartolomé de Las Casas argued that Indians:

should enjoy "all guarantees of liberty and justice" as subject of Spain.

What role did religion play in the Columbus’s explorations?

Catholics in Spain and Italy supported his expeditions because they wanted to end Muslim control of the eastern trade.

What motivated the Portuguese to begin exploration to find a water route to India, China and the East Indies?

To eliminate the Muslim "middlemen" in the luxury goods trade

Portuguese trading posts along the western coast of Africa were called factories because:

The merchants were known as factors

Which one of the following is true of religion in seventeenth-century Europe?

Religious uniformity was thought to be essential to public order.

Alarmed by the destructiveness of the conquistadores, the Spanish crown replaced them with a more stable system of government headed by:

lawyers and bureaucrats.

The Black Legend described:

Spain as uniquely brutal colonizer.

Which statement about the Indian of North America is FALSE?

Indians lacked genuine religion.

Which statement about New Netherland is FALSE?

Women had many liberties, but could not retain their legal identity after marriage.

"Coverture" refers to:

A woman surrendering her legal identity when she marries.

Patroonship in New Netherland:

meant that shareholders received large estates for transporting tenants for agricultural labor.

Amerigo Vespucci:

helped to correct Columbus’s theory that he had found the route to Asia.

Exploring the North American interior in the 1500s, ______ was the first European to encounter the immense herds of buffalo that roamed the Great Plains.

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado

In their relations with Native Americans, the Dutch:

concentrated more on economics than religious conversion.

Europeans tended to think which one of the following about Native Americans and their cultures?

Native Americans failed to make use of the land, so it was acceptable for Europeans to take it and use it.

The repartimiento system established by the Spanish in the mid-1500s:

recognized Indians as free but required them to perform a fixed amount of labor.

Slavery in Africa:

involved the enslavement of criminals, debtors and war captives.

Which European country dominated international commerce in the early seventeenth century?

The Netherlands

Under English law in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, women:

surrendered their legal identities when they married.

New France was characterized by:

more peaceful European-Indian relations than existed in New Spain.

The reconquista was the reconquest of Spain from the:

Moors.

The New Lands of 1542:

commanded that Indians no longer be enslaved in Spanish possessions.

Which one of the following was true of New France?

Its population was limited at best, because France feared that a significant emigration would undermine its role as a great European power.

Which one of the following is true of freedom in New Netherland?

Married women retained a legal identity separate from that of their husbands.

Which one of the following lists the events in proper chronological order, from first to last?

Spain adopts New Laws, Pueblo Revolt, Quebec founded, the Dutch settle Manhattan.

In 1608, Samuel de Champlain founded:

Quebec

The Columbian Exchange was:

the transatlantic flow of plants, animals, and germs that began after Christopher Columbus reached the New World.

The city situated along the Mississippi River with between 10,000 and 30,000 residents in the year 1200 is today known as:

Cahokia

Which one of the following statements is true of the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlán?

It had a complex system of canals, bridges, and dams, with the Great Temple at the center.

The first permanent European settlement in the Southwest, established in 1610, was:

Santa Fe

In 1942, the Native American population:

lived mostly in Central and South America

The Spanish empire in America:

was, unlike the French and English New World empires, a mostly urban civilization.

Around 7000 B.C.E., agriculture developed in the Americas around:

Mexico and Peru

The Pueblo Indian uprising of 1680:

helped lead to the most complete victory for Native Americans over Europeans.

The first French explorations of he New World:

were intended to locate the Northwest Passage.

Europeans generally believed all of the following about Indians EXCEPT that:

Indians had enormous potential to assimilate European ways.

Henry Hudson:

hoped to find the Northwest Passage to Asia

When Europeans arrived, many Native Americans:

tried to use them to enhance their standing with other Native Americans.

Which statement about gender relations is FALSE for most Native American societies?

Tribal leaders were almost always women.

Native American religious ceremonies:

were related to the Native American belief that sacred spirits could be found in living and intimate things.

Which one of the following is true about Spanish emigrants to the New World?

Many of the early arrivals came to direct Native American labor.

The transatlantic flow of people and goods such as corn, potatoes, horses, and sugar cane is called:

The Columbian Exchange

Before the transatlantic slave trade began, approximately 100,000 African slaves were transported between 1450 and 1500 to:

Portugal and Spain

Which of the following is true of Spain’s explorations of the New World?

Florida was the first region in the present-day United States that Spain colonized.

Adam Smith recorded in 1776 that the "two greatest and most important" events in the history of mankind were the:

a discovery of America and the Portuguese sea route around Africa to Asia

Acoma was an Indian city in present-day _______ that the Spanish destroyed.

New Mexico

Before the arrival of Columbus, Native North Americans:

had elaborate trade networks.

John Cabot sailed to:

Newfoundland

How did French involvement in the fur trade change life for Native Americans?

The French were willing to accept Native Americans into colonial society.

Which of the following was NOT a technique that Spanish conquistadores used to conquer Native American empires?

Negotiating treaties

The Spanish justified their claim to land in the New World through all of the following EXCEPT:

defeating the English fleet in 1588.

The Pueblo Indians encountered by the Spanish in the sixteenth century:

used irrigation systems to aid their agricultural production.

In Europe on the eve of colonization, one conception of freedom, called "Christian liberty,":

mingled ideas of freedom with servitude to Jesus Christ–concepts that were seen as mutually reinforcing, not contradictory.

French Canada:

consisted mainly of male colonists.

The ritual sacrifices practiced by the Aztecs:

a disgusted Europeans despite their own practices of publicly executing criminals and burning witches at the stake.

Which one of the following is true of agriculture in Spanish America?

Spain introduced wheat as a crop.

By the eighteenth century, colonial farm families:

viewed land ownership almost as a right, precondition of freedom.

Nathaniel Bacon:

actually was socially closer to the elite than to the indentured servants who supported him.

What was the Covenant Chain?

an alliance made by the governor of New York and the Iroquois Confederacy

Elizabeth Sprigs, an indentured servant in Maryland, found her experience to be:

extremely harsh, barely better than that of a slave’s.

All of the following were factors enticing migration to the British colonies EXCEPT:

absence of restraints on economic opportunity.

Which of the following was true of poverty in the colonial period?

Limited supplies of land, especially for inheritance, contributed to poverty.

What was William Penn’s most fundamental principle?

religious freedom

Which one of the following is true of slaver?

The English word "slavery" derives from "Slav," reflecting the slave trade in Slavic peoples until the fifteenth century

What commodity drove the African slave trade in Brazil and the West Indies during the seventeenth century?

sugar

William Penn obtained the land for his Pennsylvania colony because:

the king wanted to cancel his debt to the Penn family and bolster the English presence in North America.

Pennsylvania’s treatment of Native Americans was unique in what way?

Pennsylvania purchased Indian land that was then resold to colonists and offered refuge to tribes driven out of other colonies/

The English Bill of Rights of 1689:

listed parliamentary powers over such individual rights as trial by jury.

Slavery developed more slowly in North American than in the English West Indies because:

the high death rate among tobacco workers made it economically unappealing to pay more for a slave likely to die within a short time.

The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina:

proposed a feudal society in the New World, complete with hereditary nobility.

Indians in eighteenth-century British America:

were well integrated into the British imperial system.

What was the impact of King Philip’s War (1675-1676)?

Native Americans destroyed twelve Massachusetts towns, which helped establish them in the minds of New Englanders as bloodthirsty savages.

Which of the following was not a factor that made African slavery appealing to English planters in the New World?

A long English legal tradition of discrimination against dark-skinned peoples eased the legalization of slavery.

Of colonists in British North America, which group was the wealthiest?

South Carolina rice planters

As English colonial society became more structured in the eighteenth century, what were the effects on women?

Women’s work became more clearly defined as tied closely to the home.

The first English Navigation Act, adopted during the rule of Oliver Cromwell:

aimed to wrest control of world trade from the Dutch.

By the eighteenth century, consumer goods such as books and ceramic plates:

were found in many colonial residents’ homes.

What ironic consequence did William Penn’s generous policies, such as religious toleration and inexpensive land, have?

They contributed to the increasing reliance of Virginia and Maryland on African slave labor.

The Glorious Revolution of 1688:

resulted mainly from the fears of English aristocrats that the birth of James II’s son would lead to a Catholic succession.

The economy of the Carolina colony:

originally centered on cattle-raising and trade.

Anglicization" meant all of the following EXCEPT:

colonists were determined to speak English as perfectly as those who lived in England.

Once Massachusetts became a royal colony in 1691:

it was required to abide by the English Act of Toleration, which displeased many Puritan leaders.

Ideas of race and racism in seventeenth century England:

had not fully developed as modern concepts.

In what ways did England reduce colonial autonomy during the 1680s?

It created the Dominion of New England, run by a royal appointee without benefit of an elected assembly.

What form of behavior did William Penn ban in his Pennsylvania colony?

swearing

Which of the following is true of slave resistance in the colonial period?

Some slaves were the offspring of white traders and therefore knew enough English to turn to the legal system, at least until Virginia lawmakers prevented them from doing so.

What was one of Pennsylvania’s only restrictions on religious liberty?

Holding office required an oath affirming a belief in Jesus Christ, which eliminated Jews from serving.

Before founding Pennsylvania, William Penn assisted a group of English Quakers to set up a colony in what became:

New Jersey

How did English rule affect the Iroquois Confederacy?

After a series of complex negotiations, both groups aided each other’s imperial ambitions.

What role did Native Americans play in British imperial wars during the eighteenth century?

They did much of fighting in the wars.

Governor William Berkeley’s regime:

was a corrupt alliance of the Virginia colony’s wealthiest tobacco planters.

The Walking Purchase of 1737:

was a fraudulent deal for the Lenni Lenape Indians.

What inspired the 1715 uprising by the Yamasee and Creek peoples against English colonists in Carolina?

high debts incurred by the Yamasee and Creek in trade with the English settlers

Who finally ended the Salem Witch trials?

the Massachusetts governor

Why did the accusations of witchcraft in Salem suddenly snowball in 1692?

The only way to avoid prosecution was to confess and name others.

Captain Jacob Leisler, the head of the rebel militia that took control of New York in 1689:

was overthrown and killed in so grisly a manner that the rivalry between his friends and foes polarized New York politics for years.

Which of the following best sums up population diversity in colonial British America?

Great Britain originally promoted emigration to the colonies as a means of ridding itself of excess population but cut back in the eighteenth century, opening the colonies to a more diverse group of settlers.

When the Virginia House of Burgesses decreed that religious conversion did not release a slave from bondage:

it meant that, under Virginia law, Christians could own other Christians.

During the colonial era, Philadelphia:

became home to a varied population of artisans and craftsmen.

Who in the Pennsylvania colony was eligible to vote?

a majority of the male population

English and Dutch merchants created a well-organized system for "redemptioners." What was this system for?

for carrying indentured German families to America where they would work off their transportation debt

According to laws in the seventeenth-century Chesapeake:

free blacks had the right to sue and testify in court.

Which man was once a slave, only to be freed and own slaves himself?

Anthony Johson

The Glorious Revolution witnessed uprisings in colonial America, including ones in:

New York and Maryland

How did the colonial elite view their role in society?

It meant the power to rule–the right of those blessed with wealth and prominence to dominate others.

The Charter of Liberties and Privileges in New York:

reflected in part an effort by the British to exert their influence and control over the Dutch.

"Enumerated" goods:

were colonial products, such as tobacco and sugar, that could only be sold initially in English ports.

What sparked a new period of colonial expansion for England in the mid seventeenth century?

the restoration of the monarchy in 1660.

William Penn was a member of which religious group?

Quakers

The separation of church and state:

existed only in a few colonies.

Which one of the following is true of the English West Indies in the seventeenth century?

By the end of the century, the African population far outnumbered the European population on most islands.

According to New England Puritans, witchcraft:

resulted from pacts that women made with the devil to obtain supernatural powers or interfere with natural processes.

According to the economic theory known as mercantilism:

the government should regulate economic activity so as to promote national power

Spain’s Las Siete Partidas, a series of laws touching on slavery:

gave slaves some opportunities to claim rights under the law in the Spain’s American empire.

Bacon’s Rebellion contributed to which of the following in Virginia?

the replacing of indentured servants with African slaves on Virginia’s plantations

North American crops and products:

were part of a commercial trade network that knitted together a far-flung empire.

The Scottish and Scotch-Irish immigrants to the colonies:

were often physicians, merchants and teachers.

As accusations and executions multiplied in Salem, what was the long-term impact of the witchcraft trials there?

The number of witchcraft prosecutions in Massachusetts declined markedly.

What historical evidence demonstrates that blacks were being held as slaves for life by the 1640s?

Property registers list white servants with the number of years they were to work, but blacks (with higher valuations) had no terms of service associated with their names.

Bacon’s Rebellion was a response to:

worsening economic conditions in Virginia

Which of the following was true of small farmers in 1670s Virginia?

The lack of good land, high taxes on tobacco, and falling prices reduced their prospects.

Slavery labor in the Chesapeake region increasingly supplanted indentured servitude during the last two decades of the seventeenth century, in part because:

improving conditions in England reduced the number of transatlantic migrants.

When England took over the Dutch colony that became New York:

the English ended the Dutch tradition of allowing married women to conduct business in their own names.

Carolina grew slowly until:

rice as a staple crop was discovered to be extremely profitable.

Which of the following fits the description of a person most likely to have been accused of witchcraft in seventeenth-century New England?

A woman beyond childbearing age who was outspoken, economically independent, or estranged from her husband.

Which of the following was true of agriculture in the colonies during the eighteenth century?

Because New York’s landlords had taken over so much land, agriculture grew more slowly in New York than in other colonies.

Which of the following was true of the colonial elite?

They controlled colonial government.

To Quakers, liberty was:

Universal entitlement

How did the new Massachusetts charter of 1691 change that colony’s government?

It made Massachusetts a royal colony rather than under the control of Puritan saints

In its early years, Carolina was the "colony of a colony" because its original settlers included many:

landless sons of wealthy planters in Barbados.

The Virginia slave code of 1705:

embedded the principle of white supremacy in law.

The German migration to the English colonies:

led to the formation of many farming communities.

Unlike slavery in America, slavery in Africa:

was more likely to be based in the household than on an agricultural plantation.

Great Britain sought to attract which of the following to its American colonies in the eighteenth century?

Protestants from non-English and less prosperous parts of the British Isles.

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