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Which of the following is true about how shorelines are affected from the water side? |
waves can erode, deposit, or transport sediment |
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Factors that do NOT affect the appearance of a shoreline from the water side include: |
all of these affect the appearance |
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Factors that affect the appearance of shoreline include: |
all of these |
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The orientation of a coastline affects the appearance of a shoreline primarily because it influences: |
the erosive effects of waves |
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Which of the following is true about shorelines? |
Both A and B -A. many beach areas are backed by coastal dunes formed by the wind -B. rivers are important contributors of sediment into the shoreline system |
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How can climate influence the process along coastal landscapes? |
Both A and B -A. controls the amount of precipitation (which affects amount of erosion) -B. affects the size and intensity of storms |
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When will an area experience high tide? |
when the moon is directly overhead or on the opposite side of earth |
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What causes high and low tides? |
water is pulled by the gravity of the moon |
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There are 2 high tides and 2 low ties in each 25 hour period because? |
earth completes a full rotation every 24 hours but the moon moves too |
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If waves approach the shore at an angle they: |
bend so they approach the shore more directly |
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High tides are higher than average and low tides are lower than average when: |
A, B and C -A. the moon and sun are aligned relative to earth -B. it is a full moon -C. it is a new moon |
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What is the depth of wave base? |
the depth to which wave action extends |
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Which of the following is true about how waves form and break upon the shore? |
waves begin to change when they reach water shallower than wave base |
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How do waves propagate across the water? |
A and B -A. the wave moves forward but water moves in a circular motion -B. water near the surface moves more than water at depth |
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Which of the following parts of a shoreline is more likely to experience intense erosion? |
the seaward end of a promontory |
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Which of the following can influence whether a shoreline gains or losses sand with time? |
all of these |
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Where do most large stones originate along a shoreline? |
A and B -A. waves swirl away loose pieces of bedrock -B. undercutting by waves causes seep rock faces to collapse into the sea |
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Sand and other sediment: |
A and B -A. can move laterally along the coast if waves approach the beach at angle -B. move up and down the slope of the beach |
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In what direction does a spit typically form with time? |
in the same direction as a longshore current |
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Which of the following shoreline features is generally composed of bedrock? |
wave cut platform |
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What is the typical setting of a sea cave or sea stack? |
on a promontory |
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What was key point demonstrated by photographs in the textbook from before and after hurricanes? |
waves and storm surge caused erosion of beaches and destruction of houses |
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Which of the following is NOT an approach communities have tried to address shoreline problems? |
lowering the local sea level |
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What is probably the east expensive approach for avoiding shoreline hazards? |
forbid the building of houses or other structures in high risk areas |
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What happens on either side of the equilibrium in a glacier? |
above the equilibrium line, the amount of accumulation exceeds the amount lost by various process |
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What happens when a glacier encounters the sea or a lake? |
large blocks of ice collapse off the from o the glacier and become icebergs |
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Which of the following is NOT a way glaciers move downhill? |
the lower part of a glacier flows faster that the upper part |
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What happens to snowflakes as they become progressively buried within glaciers? |
C and D -C. become interlocking crystals of ice -D. they can become bluish because of trapped air |
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The margin of glaciers are usually darker than the interior primarily because: |
the sides have a higher concentration of rocks and other debris |
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How is a terminal or recessional moraine from a continental ice sheet typically expressed in the landscape? |
as a series of gently curved ridges |
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What does a terminal moraine represent? |
a pile of sediment deposited at the end of the glacier |
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What are some possible influences of ocean currents on glaciation? |
all of these |
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The amount of solar heating can increase from: |
a decrease in snow and ice cover on earths surface |
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What is one of the most important aspects about west antarctica with respect to global sea level? |
it has large floating ice shelves that could be detached and melted |
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