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A thrust fault is best described as ________.
Select one:
a. a vertical, normal fault
b. a near vertical, strike-slip fault
c. a low-angle, reverse fault
d. a steeply inclined, oblique-slip fault
|
C
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Which one of the following would not be a characteristic of the San Andreas fault zone?
Select one:
a. deformed, broken, and pulverized bedrock
b. steep, near vertical, dip-slip, fault scarps
c. sag ponds
d. laterally offset stream channels
|
B
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Which one of the following is true for anticlines but not for synclines?
Select one:
a. Some may be asymmetric and some may have plunging axes.
b. After erosion, the younger strata are exposed along the axial region of the fold.
c. The deeper strata are buckled upward along the fold axis.
d. The limbs dip or are inclined towards the fold axis.
|
C
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The Michigan geologic map shows older, Paleozoic strata (in roughly circular patterns) surrounding a core area of Pennsylvanian rocks. What is this structure?
Select one:
a. anticline
b. recumbent horst
c. dome
d. basin
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D
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A graben is characterized by ________.
Select one:
a. a hanging wall block that has moved down between two normal faults
b. a footwall block that has moved down between two reverse faults
c. a hanging wall block that has moved up between two reverse faults
d. a footwall block that has moved up between two normal faults
|
A
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T/F In a reverse fault, the hanging wall block moves up relative to the footwall block.
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TRUE
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In a normal fault ________.
Select one:
a. the footwall block below an inclined fault plane moves downward relative to the other block
b. the hanging wall block above an inclined fault plane moves downward relative to the other block
c. the hanging wall block below an inclined fault plane moves downward relative to the other block
d. the footwall block above an inclined fault plane moves upward relative to the other block
|
B
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A reverse fault is one in which ________.
Select one:
a. one block has moved downward and the other moved horizontally along a vertical fault
b. the hanging wall block has moved up relative to the footwall block along an inclined fault
c. both blocks have moved horizontally in opposite directions along an inclined fault
d. the block above the fault plane has moved backwards with respect to the other block
|
B
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Which one of the following best describes the geology of the Black Hills region in South Dakota?
Select one:
a. an eroded syncline with older, sedimentary strata in the axial region and younger, metamorphic rocks around the margins
b. a basin filled with folded, sedimentary rocks and thick coal beds
c. an elongate dome cored by Proterozoic igneous and metamorphic rocks
d. a large graben deeply eroded by Pleistocene glaciers
|
C
|
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Normal and reverse faults are characterized mainly by ________.
Select one:
a. basal slip
b. dip slip
c. strike slip
d. horizontal slip
|
B
|
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A horst is ________.
Select one:
a. an uplifted block bounded by two normal faults
b. a downdropped block bounded by two normal faults
c. an uplifted block bounded by two reverse faults
d. a downdropped block bounded by two reverse faults
|
A
|
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Jointing in rocks is characterized by ________.
Select one:
a. structures formed where normal and reverse faults intersect
b. the hinge lines connecting two limbs of an anticline or syncline
c. closely spaced, parallel faults along which the blocks have moved in opposite directions
d. roughly parallel fractures separating blocks that show no displacement
|
D
|
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________ are the products of horizontally directed, tensional stresses.
Select one:
a. Reverse faults
b. Thrust faults
c. Crustal thickening
d. Normal faults
|
D
|
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A transform fault is ________.
Select one:
a. a dip-slip fault connecting an anticline with a syncline
b. a reverse fault that steepens into a thrust fault
c. the rift bounding faults on a mid-ocean ridge
d. a strike-slip fault that forms the boundary between tectonic plates
|
D
|
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The Great Rift Valley of East Africa is characterized by ________.
Select one:
a. mainly transform faulting along zones connecting the rift with the Red Sea
b. mainly anticlinal and synclinal folding as Africa collides with Madagascar
c. mainly normal faulting as East Africa begins to fragment
d. mainly thrust faulting as Africa collides with Arabia
|
C
|
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Brittle deformation would be favored over plastic deformation in which of the following conditions?
Select one:
a. warmer temperatures
b. cooler temperatures
c. high confining pressures
d. deeper depths
|
B
|
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The mountains and valleys of the Basin and Range Province of the western United States formed in response to ________.
Select one:
a. reverse faults and large displacement, thrust faulting
b. tensional stresses and normal-fault movements
c. strike-slip faulting and hanging wall block uplifts
d. normal faulting and horizontal compression across all fault lines
|
B
|
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Which one of the following is consistent with deformation by folding?
Select one:
a. The crust is stretched and elongated.
b. The crust is thinned.
c. Horizontal distance is shortened perpendicular to fold axes.
d. Horizontal distance perpendicular to fold axes is lengthened.
|
C
|
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In a(n) ________ fault, the hanging wall block move up with respect to the footwall block.
Select one:
a. normal
b. abnormal
c. inverse
d. reverse
|
D
|
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A syncline is ________.
Select one:
a. a fold in which the strata dip toward the axis
b. a fold in which the strata dip away from the axis
c. a fold characterized by recumbent limbs
d. a fold with only one limb
|
A
|
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A deeply eroded, structural basin would exhibit ________.
Select one:
a. outcrops of the oldest strata in the center of the basin
b. strata oriented in roughly circular, outcrop patterns
c. older strata at the edges of a basin dip away from a central, horizontal, fold axis
d. strata dipping outward away from the center of the basin
|
B
|
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A ________ fault has little or no vertical movements of the two blocks.
Select one:
a. stick slip
b. dip slip
c. oblique slip
d. strike slip
|
D
|
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A ________ is a defined, recognizable, mappable, rock unit with a known age.
Select one:
a. stratigraphic section
b. formation
c. strata set
d. lithologic sequence
|
B
|
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A ________ is a prominent ridge formed by differential erosion of tilted, alternating hard and soft strata.
Select one:
a. wadi
b. hogback
c. scarp face
d. mesa
|
B
|
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Which one of the following statements regarding rock deformation and strength is correct?
Select one:
a. Rocks undergo plastic deformation less readily as temperatures and pressures increase.
b. Rupture and plastic deformation occur when stresses exceed the elastic limit of a material.
c. When rocks are subjected to stress for long time periods, very small, plastic deformations accumulate to produce large, permanent, elastic deformations.
d. Elastic deformation is accomplished through internal flow of material.
|
B
|
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Which one of the following stress situations results in folding of flat-lying, sedimentary strata?
Select one:
a. vertically directed; compressional stresses
b. vertically directed; extensional or stretching stresses
c. horizontally directed; compressive stresses
d. horizontally directed; extensional stresses
|
C
|
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The Navajo and Dakota Sandstones are ________.
Select one:
a. marine limestone formations in the central Appalachian region
b. Mesozoic, sedimentary rock formations in Utah, Colorado, and neighboring states
c. prominent, lower Paleozoic strata in the British Isles and northern France
d. quartz-rich, granite batholiths in the Sierra Nevada range, California
|
B
|
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The ________ in California is the boundary between the North American and Pacific plates.
Select one:
a. Sierra Nevada frontal fault
b. San Andreas strike-slip fault
c. San Luis Obispo thrust fault
d. San Francisco normal fault
|
B
|
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T/F Along oblique-slip faults, both blocks have horizontal and vertical components of movement.
|
TRUE
|
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T/F Fractures in rock that have not involved any fault slippage are called joints.
|
TRUE
|
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T/F Plastic deformation occurs more readily in warm rock than in cool rock.
|
TRUE
|
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T/F The oldest, sedimentary rock strata are exposed along the axial parts of deeply eroded anticlines.
|
TRUE
|
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T/F Strike is the direction of a line made by an intersection between an inclined rock layer and a horizontal plane.
|
TRUE
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